I-Hepatitis A isifo esibangela abantu abangama-32 000 ngonyaka eMelika kunye nabantu abayi-1.4 yezigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Kubuhlungu kukuba abaninzi banokubandezeleka ngenxa yesi sifo kuba i- hepatitis A ikhuselwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba bonke abantu bahlamba izandla zabo rhoqo kwaye banokufikelela kumanzi ahlambulukileyo, abantu babeza kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokusuleleka kunye nesifo se-hepatitis A esiza kuba sisifo esingavamile.
Nangona kunjalo, sinento enokuthintela ukukhusela i-hepatitis A: i-hepatitis A. Ngokugonywa, unokuthintela usulelo ukusuka ekuqaleni.
Yintoni i-Vaccination A?
Isitofu sokugonywa kwesifo se-Hepatitis A sisilungiselelo esiphephile nesilungileyo "esichengeni" isistim somzimba wakho wokuzivikela ekwakheni inamandla enamandla, ukukhusela okwemvelo kwiintsholongwane ze-hepatitis A. Isitofu sokugonywa senza oku ngokusebenzisa i-virus ye-hepatitis A engacwangcanga eyenza ukuphendula komzimba kumzimba. "Inkohliso" kukuba umzimba wakho awuyikuqonda umahluko phakathi kweentsholongwane ezingasebenzi kwaye zihlala iintsholongwane. Umzimba wakho uya "kuvuselela" isimiso sakhe sokuzivikela njengenjini enamandla kwaye uqale ukuvelisa izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo kwiintsholongwane ezingasebenzi. Ezi zikhusela ziza kuqala ukukhangela i-virus ye-hepatitis A engangena emzimbeni wakho kwixesha elizayo kwaye iya kuba ilungele kwaye ilinde ukuqaphela isistim somzimba ukuba nayiphi na into iyafunyanwa.
Kukho izigulane ezifanayo ezifanayo ze-hepatitis A ezifumaneka kubantu base-United States: i-HAVRIX ne-VAQTA.
Zomibini zifumaneka kumntu omnye oneminyaka yobudala okanye ngaphezulu kwaye zidinga amanani amabini. Udinga enye idosi ukuba "uhloniphe" umzimba wakho kwaye, phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezi-12, udinga umthamo wesibini oza kunika i-immaterial immune kwi-hepatitis A. Kukho esinye isitofu, i-TWINRIX, kodwa sisisigxina sokugonya esikukhusela isifo sofuba A kunye ne- hepatitis B.
Kudinga amathamo amathathu kwaye ivunyiwe kuphela kubantu abaneminyaka eli-18 ubudala nangaphezulu. Zonke izitofu ze-hepatitis A zinikela ukukhuseleka okuza kufikelela kwiminyaka engama-25 kubantu abagonywe njengabantu abadala kunye naphakathi kweminyaka eyi-14 ukuya ku-20 kulabo bagonywe njengabantwana.
Ngaba Unokugonywa?
Uninzi lwabantu luya kuxhamla ngokugonywa. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abasengozini enkulu yokusuleleka kwe-hepatitis A bayakhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba bagonywe.
Iingcebiso zamanje ngamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula izifo zi:
- Bonke abantwana abaneminyaka eli-1 ubudala.
- Abantu abaya kwilizwe elinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokusuleleka kwe-hepatitis A.
- Amadoda adibana nesondo kunye namanye amadoda.
- Abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
- Abantu abanesifo esingasasigxina sesibindi, kuquka i-hepatitis B okanye i-hepatitis C.
- Abantu abaphathwa nge-clotting factor bagxila.
- Abantu abasebenzisana nezilwanyana ezinesifo se-hepatitis A.
- Abantu abasebenza kwi-laboratory ye-hepatitis A.
- Nabani na onqwenela ukuhlaselwa ngumzimba
Abanye abantu akufanele bagonywe ngenxa ye-hepatitis A. Ezi ziquka iintsana ezingaphantsi komnye ubudala kunye nabantu abaye bafumana isifo esibi kakhulu kwisifo sokugonywa kwe-hepatitis A. Kwakhona, nangona ikhuselekile, mhlawumbi akufuneki ukuba ubani owake wafumana i-hepatitis A ukuze afumane isitofu sokugonywa kwe-hepatitis A kuba sele unesifo sokubulala i-hepatitis A, kufuneka uhlaselwe ngumzimba.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba une-hepatitis A. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu badibanisa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-viral hepatitis kunye nolunye okanye abangaqondi kakuhle umphumo wokuvavanya abaye bafumana. Kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho ukuba uqiniseke.
Ngaba le Nkukhuseleko ikhuselekile?
Ewe. Ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis A kuthathwa njengekhuselekile kwaye kunikwe izigidi ngezihlandlo. Impembelelo yecala echaphazelekayo yinkxalabo ejikeleze indawo yomjovo kunye nemiphumo emibi kakhulu engavamile kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba isebenzisa iintsholongwane ezingasebenzi, ukugonya kwe-hepatitis A akunakubangela ukusuleleka kwaye kuthathwa njengokhuselekile kumfazi okhulelwe kunye nabantu abaye bahlalutya amayeza omzimba (umzekelo, umntu osuleleke nge-HIV).
Abantu abanenkxalabo yokuba izitofu zenza ezinye iingxaki zempilo, ezifana ne-autism kunye ne-mercury exposure, kufuneka bazi ukuba ukugonya kwe-hepatitis A akuququzeleli i-Thimerosal (isilondolozo samachiza esixhaswa ngamanye amacandelo okubambisana ukuba adibaniswe ne-autism) kwaye adibene naziphi na iingxaki zezokwelapha ngaphandle kokusabela okungaqhelekanga.
Yintoni i-IG?
I-immune globulin, ebizwa ngokuba yi-IG, luhlobo lonyango lokugonywa olusebenzisa ama-antibodies esikhundleni seentsholongwane. Olu hlobo lokuzikhusela lubizwa ngokuba ngumzimba wokuzikhusela ngenxa yokukhusela ngaphandle kokuba umzimba wakho wenze nantoni na. Kwiimeko zokuzibandakanya eyaziwayo okanye ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kokuhamba phambi kokuba kugonywe zonke izitofu, ukhuseleko oluhle kubantu abathile lunokufumana i-immune globulin kunye ne-hepatitis A. Abanye kufuneka bafumane enye kuphela okanye enye. Xoxa nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuze ubone ukuba ufaneleke njani kwezi meko.
- Ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga ne-immune globulin, sifunda ntoni i-immune globulin?
- Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa malunga nobani omele afumane i-immune globulin, funda i- Immune Globulin ye-Hepatitis A.
Ndingabaphi I-Vaccinated I-Hepatitis A?
Naliphi na uncedo lwezonyango onokukugonya ngenxa yesifo se-hepatitis A. Nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi kulula ukukwenza kwimpilo yezempilo okanye kwiklinikhi yonyango. ISixeko okanye amasebe ezempilo zithili zihlala zinika iikliniki zokugonywa ezingenakho ukukhululeka okanye zifuna kuphela inkokhelo encinci.
Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. NgoJuni 23, 2008. I-Hepatitis A.
> Pickering, LK (ed), Incwadi ebomvu: Ingxelo yeKomiti yeZifo ezithathelwanayo , ngomhla wama-26 e. I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, 2003. 311-318.