Ingqwalasela ye-Hepatitis
I-hepatitis isifo esibonakaliswe ukuvuvuka kwesibindi. Nangona sihlala sinxulumana neentsholongwane zentsholongwane, njenge-hepatitis B okanye i-C, zikhona iintlobo ezingezizo zintsholongwane zesifo, kubandakanywa ne-autoimmune hepatitis kunye ne-alcoholic hepatitis.
I-hepatitis ingenzeka kunye okanye ingenazo iimpawu kwaye ikwazi ukuzinyulula ngokwayo ngaphandle kwongenelelo lwezonyango. Xa kuvela iimpawu, kukho izibonakaliso ezinjenge-yellowing yesikhumba kunye namehlo (i- jaundice ), ukulahleka kwesidlo, kunye neemvakalelo zokugqithisa ngokweqile, ezinokuhlala iiveki ngexesha.
I-Hepatitis enobuchule kunye nengapheliyo
Ngokuxhomekeka kweso sizathu, i-hepatitis ingabonisa njengento enzima okanye engapheliyo .
I-hepatitis evuthayo ihlala yintsholongwane kwaye isoloko iyanqanda, imbonakalisa okokuqala kunye neempawu ezifana nezifo (imfiva, intloko, intlungu edibeneyo, isicupunu) ngaphambi kokubonakalisa nge-jaundice, umchamo omnyama (i-choluria), kunye nezigodo ezinobumba . Ubunzima besibindi kunye nesisu esiswini okanye ukuphazamiseka (ngokuqhelekileyo kwisigxina esiphezulu sezantsi).
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I-Hepatologist okanye iGastroenterologist? Ukukhetha i-Liver Straight Specialist
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Yintoni i-HBeAg okanye i-Hepatitis B e-Antigen?
Ukubuyiselwa kuthatha ukuthatha malunga nenyanga okanye njalo, nangona kwezinye iimeko-ingakumbi nge-hepatitis B-inga kuthatha iinyanga ezi-ezine ukuze iimpawu zigqibe ngokupheleleyo.
I-hepatitis engapheliyo, ngokuchaseneyo, isifo esiqhubekayo. Ingaba yimpawu ezingenazo iimpawu kumanqanaba okuqala kwaye zifunyanwe kuphela ngeemvavanyo zebhu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukuvutha kuqhubela phambili, kungabangela ukwakhiwa kwezicubu ezibomvu (ezibizwa ngokuba yi- fibrosis ), ezinokuthintela ukuphuma kwegazi kunye nokuphuma kwesibindi. Ukuba ukonakala kuyaqhubeka ukunyuka, amandla okubambisa ukusebenza angakwazi ukuphazamiseka kakhulu, okubangele imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- cirrhosis . Kulo thuba ukuba i-jaundice kunye nezinye iimpawu zekliniki zingabonakala, ngokuqhelekileyo njengezibonakaliso zezifo zesibindi esiphezulu.
Izimbangela ze-hepatitis zihlukeneyo, ezivela kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane kwiintsholongwane ze-genetic nokusetyenziswa ngokweqile kotywala. Ezi zintathu zizathu eziqhelekileyo zingabelana ngokubanzi njengesifo esithathelwanayo, isisombululo kunye nesimo sokuzimela.
Izifo ezithintekayo ze-Hepatitis
Nangona i-hepatitis yintsholongwane yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-hepatitis emhlabeni jikelele, kukho izibangela zentsholongwane kunye nezifo zesifo. Ezi ziquka izifo zesibindi ezibangelwa yizinto zonke ezivela kwi- Salmonella kunye ne- E. coli ibhaktheriya kwizilwanyana ze-protozoan ezihlasela ngqo isibindi.
Ngokubhekiselele kweso sifo, sithatha ukugxila kwiifom ye-virus ye-hepatitis, enikwe ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwe-1.5 yezigidi bafa ngesifo ngasinye kunyaka. Iifom ezi-5 eziqhelekileyo zixhomekeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziyahlukahluka ngeendlela zokuhambisa, ukuqhubela izifo, kunye neendlela zokuthintela.
- I-Hepatitis A ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye- hepatitis A (HAV) kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu ngokutya okanye amanzi ayenakaliswe ngamagqabi aphethwe yi-HAV. Ibonisa ngokungahambisani nenyathelo kwisiganeko esingapheliyo. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokunyuswa kwexesha liphakathi kweentsuku eziyi-14 neye-48, ngokuzifumana ngokupheleleyo kwiimpawu ezinzima ezithatha iinyanga ezimbini. I-vaccine iyatholakala ekhusela ukusuleleka kwe-HAV kwiminyaka eyi-10.
- I-Hepatitis B ibangelwa yi- virus ye - hepatitis B (HBV) . Isasazeka ngokuqhagamshelana negazi le-HBV-HIV, igciwane, okanye umlenze, mhlawumbi ngexesha lesini okanye ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ukukwabelana ngeengcingo, ukubhalwa kwimibala engafanelekanga, okanye ukuncelisa unako ukuhambisa intsholongwane. I-Hepatitis B ingabonisa kokubili kwaye ingapheliyo, ngexesha eliqhelekileyo lokutshala kweentsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kwi-160. Ukongeza kwiigciwane ezimbini ze-HBV , kukho izilwanyana ezisixhenxe ezigunyazisiweyo ze-FDA ezisetyenziswa kunyango lwe-HBV. Ngoxa kungekho namachiza angashenxisa intsholongwane, anokukhusela ngokukhawuleza ukuphindaphinda kwintsholongwane kunye nokulimala esibindi.
- I-Hepatitis C ibangelwa yi- virus ye - hepatitis C (i-HCV) . I-Hepatitis C isasazeka kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kodwa inokudluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo kunye nomama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ixesha lokuxubusha lingabalwa ukusuka kwiintsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwezi-150. Nangona ukusukela kwimizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwi-40 ye-HBV-umntu osulelekileyo uza kugqithisa intsholongwane ngaphandle kwonyango okanye iimpawu, eziseleyo ziza kuqhubela isifo esingapheliyo. Nangona kungekho sitofu sokuthintela usulelo lweHBV, izidakamizwa ezitsha ngokutsha ziyakwazi ukuchaphazela amazinga okunyanga ama-99 ukuya kumaqela athile.
- I-Hepatitis D ibangelwa yi- virus ye - hepatitis D (i-HDV) kwaye inokuthi yenzeke kuphela xa umntu ekhulelwe yi-virus ye-hepatitis B (HBV). Ngokuqhelekileyo usasazeka ngokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunye neyona ntlawulo ephezulu kakhulu yeentlobo zentsholongwane (iipesenti ezingama-20). Eqhelekileyo e-US, i-hepatitis D ibonakala kakhulu kumazwe asathuthuka, afana nalawo ase-Afrika engaphantsi kwe-Sahara, eMbindi-mpuma, nakwicandelo elisenyakatho eMzantsi Melika. Ngoxa i-HBV igxininiso iyaziwa ukuthintela usulelo (ekubeni i-HDV ayikwazi ukubonakalisa eyodwa), ukhetho lwezonyango luhluphekile, kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 kuphela zalawo unyango onokukwazi ukufezekisa ukukhutshwa kwe-viral.
- I-Hepatitis E ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye- hepatitis E (HEV) kwaye isasazeka ngokubanzi ngamanzi angcolileyo kwiindawo ezinokuhlanjululwa kococeko. I-Hepatitis E ixhaphake kakhulu eNdiya, kwi-mpuma ye-Asia, eMntla-Amerika, nakumazantsi nakuma-Afrika. Ixesha lokuxubusha liphakathi kweentsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwe-60, kunye neentsholongwane ezinzulu ezizisombululayo ngokwazo. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abaneendlela zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo, isifo sinokunyuka kwintsholongwane engapheliyo. Akukho gonyolo lusekho ukukhusela ukukhuselwa kwe-HEV. Izinyathelo zokonyango zilinganiselwe, nangona kukho impumelelo ekufezeni imvume yokuguqula i-viral kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ze- ribavirin .
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Oko Ufanele Ukwazi Ngohlobo Lwe-5 I-Viral Hepatitis
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Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B lwe-HBsAb (HBsAb) luqhutywa njani?
Iingxaki zeMetabolic of Hepatitis
Izimbangela ze-metabolic ze-hepatitis zizinto ezihlobene nezinto esizithathayo okanye zichazwe kuyo, okanye ezo zihambisana nokukhuluphala, ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin kunye nesifo sikashukela. Akuthethi ukuba kuphakanyiswe ukuba umntu "ubangele" i-hepatitis, kodwa ukuba kukho izinto eziguqukayo ezibeka umntu engozini enkulu yokuvuvuka kwesibindi kunye nokulimala.
Izimbangela zesifo se-hepatitis zingabalwa ngokubanzi njenge:
- Utywala lwe-hepatitis , ukongezwa kwesifo sesibindi sobunxilisayo, sisona sizathu esona sikhulu se-cirrhosis e-United States. Iyakhula ukuphuhlisa ixesha elide kwaye iyaziwa ukuba ithintele malunga nama-10 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini kwizidyobisi. Umngcipheko we-hepatitis ubonakala uhambelana ngqo nomlinganiselo kunye nobude bokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala, kunye nokutya okugqithisileyo okuchazwe ngaphezu kwama-80 grams yotywala ngosuku ngamadoda kunye no-40 amagremu ngosuku ngabasetyhini. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kotywala kukwaziwa nangokuxakeka kweengxaki zentsholongwane ye-viral hepatitis , ngakumbi i-hepatitis B kunye no-C.
- I-hepatitis eyenziwa yiziyobisi yinto ebangelwa naliphi na inani leetyhefu okanye imithi umntu angafumaneka kuyo. Ingabandakanya ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-acetaminophen (iTylenol, iparacetamol) , kwakunye nenani lezityalo ezifumanekayo kwi-counter. Izidakamizwa ezichasene nezifo zesifo sofuba, iintsholongwane, iziyobisi ze-anti-stroke, i-anabolic steroids ziphakathi kweeklasi zezilwanyana ezinobungozi besibindi ezinokubakho ngenxa yokusetyenziswa rhoqo.
- Isifo sesibindi esingasinxilisayo sesifo (i-NAFLD) sinxulumene kakhulu nesifo se-metabolic syndrome , iqela leemeko zonyango ezibandakanya ukukhuluphala kwesisu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-lipid ephakamileyo, i-glucose kunye ne-cholesterol. Njengoko i-NAFLD iqhubeka, iimpawu ze-hepatitis ezingapheliyo zingahlakulela, zibonise ngezinga lokunyuka kwesibindi kunye ne-fibrosis. I-NAFLD namhlanje isona sesithathu esibangela isifo sesibindi e-US
I-Hepatitis
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-hepatitis ngokuzenzekelayo, uhlobo lwesifo sokuzimela , yinkinga apho isistim somzimba somzimba senza ngokumelene neeseli zesibindi. Iimeko zikholelwa ukuba ziyimfuza ngokwemvelo, kunye nabantu abathile babecala ukutshabalala kwesibindi kungabikho izifo ezithintekayo okanye izifo. I-autopatmune hepatitis ibonakala rhoqo kubasetyhini, ngokubanzi phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 no-40.
Izibonakaliso zinokuqala ukusuka kumnxeba ukuya kunzima, kunye nabantu abathile abaveza i-hepatitis (i-jaundice, intlungu yesisu esisemlonyeni), kanti abanye babonisa iimpawu ezingapheliyo (ezifana nokukhathala, i-aches, izivivinyo zentsholongwane engavamile).
Ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo kwe-autopatmune hepatitis kudinga i- biopsy yesibindi . Izinyango zokwelapha ziquka ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ze-corticosteroid, i- prednisone okanye i- budesonide , ezo zombini ziyakwazi ukufikelela kwizinga lokuxolelwa phakathi kwama-60 no-80 ekhulwini.
> Imithombo:
> Basra G, Basra S, kunye neParudupi S. Izimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo esiyingozi somhlaza we-hepatitis. "I- World Journal yeHepatology. 2011; 35 (5): 118-120.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). I-Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, Georgia.
> I-Kaplowitz N. I-Drug-Incuced Liver Injury. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zonyango. 2004; 38 (iSiza 2): S44-S48.
> Isizwe seSizwe seSifo seswekile kunye neeNtsholongwane zeNtsholongwane kunye neNtsholongwane (iNIDDK). I-Hepatitis. EBethesda, eMaryland.
> Rinella M. Nonalcoholic isifo sesibindi sesibindi: ukuhlaziywa okucwangcisiweyo. Umbhalo we-American Medical Association. 2015; 313 (22): 2263-2273.