Ngaba i-telomeres ichaza ukuguga?
Ukufunyanwa kweelomomere kwatshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela abaphandi bafunda ngayo ixesha elide kunye nendlela yokuguga. Enyanisweni, abaphandi abafumene i-telomeres bawuthola umvuzo weNobel kwiPhysics okanye kwiMithi ngo-2009. I-Telomeres ibinzana le "Junk DNA" efumaneka kwiziphelo ze- chromosomes . Zikhusela i-DNA yakho yangempela rhoqo xa iseli lihlula.
Njalo ixesha i-cell ehlukana, i-DNA iyahlulwa, kunye neenkcukacha ngaphakathi zikopishwe.
Ngenxa yendlela iiseli ezahlula ngayo, i-chromosome yokugqibela, i-telomere, ayikwazi ukukopishwa ngokupheleleyo. Kancinci kufuneka kunqunywe. Kucatshangelwa ukuba, njengoko isahlulo sahlula, i-telomeres iya kuba mfutshane kwaye ibe mfutshane rhoqo emva kokuba ihambe. Ngeli nqanaba, i-DNA ebizwa ngokuba "yinyani" ayikwazi ukukopishwa kwakhona, kwaye iseli lidala kwaye alisakwazi ukuphindaphinda.
Yintoni eyenziwa ngoPhando malunga neTelomere Ukunciphisa nokuguga
Kwiphando labantu abaphakamileyo, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu asebekhulile banama-telomeres amfutshane. Ekugqibeleni, iiseli ezinama-telomeres amancinci azikwazi ukuphendula kwakhona. Oku kuchaphazela iiseli ezininzi nangaphezulu kwixesha, ezikhokelela ekumakaleni komzimba kunye neempawu eziyikrele kwakhona.
Uninzi lweeseli lunokuphindaphinda malunga nama-50 maxesha phambi kokuba i-telomeres ibe mfutshane. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ii-telomeres zibizwa ngokuba "yimfihlelo yokuphila ixesha elide" kwaye kukho iimeko apho i-telomeres ayiyi kufutshane.
Ngokomzekelo, amangqamuzana omhlaza awafi (yintoni ingxaki ebalulekileyo) kuba asebenze i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi- telomerase eyongeza kwi-telomeres xa iiseli zahlula.
Zonke iiseli zomzimba zinamandla okuvelisa i-telomerase, kodwa iiseli ezithile ezithile-kuquka iiseli ezinamaqhina, iiselingi zesisu kunye neeseli zegazi ezimhlophe-kufuneka zivelise i-enzyme.
Ezi iiseli kufuneka ziphindaphindiwe ngamaxesha angaphezu kwama-50 ngexesha lobomi, ngoko ngokuvelisa i-telomerase abachaphazelekayo ngokunciphisa i-telomere.
Iifomomere ezincinci azihlanganisi kuphela ubudala kodwa nezifo nazo. Enyanisweni, ubude be-telomere ubude kunye nomsebenzi ophantsi we-telomerase zidibene nezifo ezininzi ezikhuselweyo ezingapheliyo. Ezi zibandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi, izifo zentliziyo, ukunyamezela kwe-insulin, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, ukuxinezeleka, i-osteoporosis kunye nokunyanya.
Ngaba Kwenzeka Konke?
Akunjalo. Abaphandi baseSweden bafumanisa ukuba i-telomeres ethile yabantu ayifumani ixesha elifutshane. Enyanisweni, bafumene ukuba ii-telomeres zamanye abantu zinokude zide. Olu hlobo kumgangatho ngamnye alubonakali ngophando lwangaphambili oluneziphumo ezingaphezulu kwiqela elikhulu.
Kwisifundo, abantu abangama-959 banikela ngegazi kabini, iminyaka engama-9 ukuya kwe-11. Ngokomyinge, iisampuli zesibini zazinama-telomeres amancinci kuneyokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-33 zalabo bafundayo babezinzileyo okanye zandisa i-telomere ubude malunga ne-10 iminyaka.
Ithetha ntoni le nto? Akucaci. Kungenzeka ukuba abo bantu baneendlela ezimangalisayo zokuguga ukuguga; mhlawumbi banokuba nomqondiso wokuqala wesifo somhlaza (abaphandi bazama ukulawula oku ngaphandle), okanye kungenanto engenanto.
Into esaziyo ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba ukuguga kunzima kakhulu kunokuba ukhangele ukunciphisa i-telomeres.
ILizwi
Inkolelo ye-telomere enye yeengcamango zokuguga . Le yintsimi ephuhlisayo, kwaye ukufumana ezintsha kungakuphikisa okanye bangakhokelela ekusebenziseni le ngcamango ukuphucula unyango kwizifo kunye neemeko.
> Imithombo:
> Nordfjäll K, Svenson U, Norrback KF, uAdolfsson R, uLenner P, uRoos G. Isilinganiso somntu ngamunye we-cell telomere yokulinganisa i-telomere ixhomekeke kwixesha elide. I-PLoS Genetics, ngoFebhuwari 13, 2009 INGA: 10.1371 / journal.pgen.1000375