Ukufunda ngokuguga - i-gerontology - yinto yesayensi entsha esenze inkqubela phambili enhle kwiminyaka engama-30 edluleyo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, izazinzulu zakhangela inyelelo enye echaza ukuguga. Kukho amaqela amabini aphezulu eengqondo zokuguga. Iqela lokuqala lichaza ukuba ukuguga kungokwemvelo kwaye kulungiselelwe emzimbeni, ngelixa iqela lesibini leengcamango zokuguga lithi ukuguga kubangelwa umonakalo oqokelelwa ngexesha.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuguga kukusebenzisana okunzima kwe-genetics, ikhemistry, physiology, nokuziphatha.
Iingcamango zokuguga
Ngokuqonda nokuchaza indlela esibudala ngayo, abaphandi baye bavelisa iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zokuguga. Ezi zigaba zibini ziyiinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neengcamango zephutha.
- Iingcamango eziCwangcisiweyo ziqinisekisa ukuba umzimba womntu wenzelwe ukudala kwaye kukho ixesha elithile lezinto eziphilayo ezilandelwayo.
- Inkqubo yobude: Ukuguga kubangelwa iizakhi ezithile zeentsholongwane zitshintshile kwaye ziphelelwe ixesha.
- Inkolelo ye-Endocrine : Iinguqu kwiimodemone zilawula ukuguga.
- Imfundiso ye-immunological : I-immune system ihlelwe ukuba iyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ibashiye abantu abaninzi banokugula kwizifo.
- Iingcamango zeemposiso ziqinisekisa ukuba ukuguga kubangelwa umonakalo wendalo kumatshini omzimba wethu, oqokelela ixesha elide.
- Ukugqoka kunye nokuphunga : Amaseli kunye nezicubu ziphela.
- Iimali zokuPhila : Ukukhawuleza kwendalo isebenzisa i-oksijeni, imfutshane iphila.
- Ukuqhagamshelana noMnqamlezo : Iiprotheni ezinqamlezileyo ziqokelela kwaye zinciphisa iinkqubo zomzimba.
- Ama- Radicals amahhala : ii- radicals zamahhala zidala umonakalo kwiiseli ekugqibeleni zonakalisa ukusebenza.
- Ukulimala kwe-DNA yeSomatic : Ukuguquka kwemvelo kubangela ukuba iiselingi zingasebenzi.
Genetics and Aging
Izifundo ziye zabonisa ukuba i-genetics ingadlala indima enkulu ekuguga. Xa abaphandi bahlengahlengayo iigleyi kwezinye iigundane, iisilini zesilonda kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ziphantse ziphindwe kabini ubomi bezo zidalwa. Ingcaciso yale mizamo yabantu ayiyaziwayo, kodwa abaphandi bacinga ukuba i-genetics i-akhawunti ye-genetics ifikelela kuma-35 ekhulwini kwenguqu ekuguga phakathi kwabantu.
Ezinye iingcamango eziphambili kwi-genetics nokuguga ziquka:
- Ububanzi bomhlaba: Kukho izakhi zofuzo eziza kunceda umntu aphile ixesha elide.
- Isenescence yeSelesi : Inkqubo eyenziwa ngamaseli ekuhlaleni.
- I-Telomeres: Ulwakhiwo ekupheleni kwe-DNA ekugqibeleni iphelile, okwenza ukuba iiseli ziyeke ukuphindaphinda.
- Iiseli zesitembu: Ezi iiseli zinokuba nayiphi na into yeseli emzimbeni kwaye ibambe isithembiso sokulungisa umonakalo obangelwa ukuguga.
Biochemistry
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiliphi igalelo olizuze lona, umzimba wakho uhlala ungena kwizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto eziphilayo. Ezinye zezi mpendulo zidala umonakalo kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukuguga emzimbeni. Ukufunda ukuphendula okunzima kunceda abaphandi baqonde indlela umzimba uguquka ngayo. Iingongoma ezibalulekileyo kwi-biochemistry yokuguga ziquka:
- Ama-Radicals amahala: Ama-molecule e-oxygen engaqinisekanga angonakalisa iiseli.
- Iiprotheni-Ukuqhagamshelana: Iishukela ezigqithiseleyo kumsakazi wegazi zingenza iamolekyuli zeeprotheni zizinamathele kunye.
- Ukulungisa i-DNA: Ngezizathu ezingaziwa, iisistim zomzimba ukulungisa i-DNA ibonakala ingasebenzi kakuhle kubantu abadala.
- Iiprotheni ezityebileyo zokushisa: Ezi proteins zinceda iiseli zisinde uxinzelelo kwaye zikhoyo kumanani ambalwa kubantu abadala.
- IHormones: Ama-hormones omzimba atshintsho njengoko sikhulile, kubangele iinguqu ezininzi kwiinkqubo zomzimba kunye neminye imisebenzi.
Iinkqubo zeBhunga
Njengoko sikhulile, amalungu ethu omzimba kunye nezinye iinkqubo zenza utshintsho. Ezi zinguqu zitshintshe ukukhusela kwethu kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Abaphandi baqala ukuqonda iinkqubo ezenza utshintsho malunga nexesha kwiimeko zethu zomzimba. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kubalulekile kuba ezininzi iimiphumo zokuguga ziqala ukubonakala kwiimeko zethu zomzimba. Nantsi ingcaciso emfutshane malunga nendlela ezinye iinkqubo zomzimba ezidala ngayo:
- Ukuguga kwenhliziyo: Intliziyo yesisu iyancipha kunye nobudala njengempendulo yokunyuka kwemithambo. Inhliziyo ekhudlwana inomlinganiselo ophantsi wokupompa.
- Ukuguga Kwisifo Somzimba: Iiseli zeT tithatha ixesha elide ukuzalisa abantu abadala kunye namandla abo okusebenza ukuhla.
- Iimitha kunye nokuguga: Imirhoxa ihlala iyanamathela kwiminyaka yobudala, yenza kube nzima ukuba intliziyo ipheputhe igazi.
- Ukuguga kwe-Lung: Ubuninzi bemandla emiphaphu bunganciphisa ubuninzi bama-40 ekhulwini phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 no-70.
- Ukuguga kweBongo: Njengengqondo yobudala, ezinye zeengxaki eziphakathi kwe-neurons zibonakala zincitshiswa okanye ziphantsi. Oku akuqondwa kakuhle.
- Ukuguga Kwezintso: Iizintso zisebenza ngokucokisekileyo ekucoceni inkunkuma emzimbeni.
- Ukuguga kwesantya : Isisombululo esipheleleyo se-bladder siyancipha kwaye izicubu zinokubangela i-atrophy, kubangele ukungabikho.
- I-Body Fat kunye nokuguga: I- fat body inyuka ide ifike emkhatsini wexesha elide kwaye ngoko ubunzima buqala ukuhla. Amanqatha omzimba nawo atyelela emzimbeni xa sisebudala.
- Ukuguga Kwemisipha: I-tone ye-muscle iyanciphisa malunga neepesenti ezingama-22 ubudala ngeminyaka engama-70, nangona umthambo unganciphisa ukuhla.
- Ukuguga kweThambo: Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-35 ubudala, amathambo ethu aqala ukulahlekelwa ubunzima. Ukuhamba, ukuqhuba nokuqeqeshwa kokunyanzelisa kunganciphisa le nkqubo.
- Ukujonga nokuguga: Ukuqala kuma-40s, ubunzima bokubona iinkcukacha ezifutshane zingase ziqalise.
- Ukuphulaphula nokuguga : Njengabantu abaneminyaka yobudala, ukukwazi ukuva ukuphakama kwamazinga aphezulu kunciphisa.
Izinto zokuziphatha
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ezininzi zezi zizathu zokuguga zingaguquleka ngokuziphatha kwakho:
- Ngokutya ukutya okunezixhobo zokubulala i-antioxidants , unokunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ngama-radical ezamahala.
- Ngokusebenzisa, unokunciphisa ithambo kunye nokulahleka kwemisipha.
- Ngokugcina i- cholesterol yakho iphantsi, unokunciphisa ukuqina kwemibhobho yakho kwaye ukhusele intliziyo yakho.
- Ngokusebenzisa impilo yengqondo, unokugcina ubuchopho bubukhali.
Izinto zokuphila ziye zaboniswa ukwandisa ubomi. Amathanga kunye namagundane kwi-calorie yokunciphisa ukutya (iipesenti ezingama-30 ezincinci iikhalori zemihla ngemihla) zihlala zifikelela kuma-40 ekhulwini. Iingcamango ezintle ziye zaboniswa ukuba zandisa ubomi kubantu ukuya kwi-7.5 iminyaka.
Umthombo:
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