Ukugqoka kunye nokugqithisa inkolelo yokuguga - enye yeengcamango ezininzi-iqinisekisa ukuba ukuguga kubangelwa umonakalo oqhubekayo kwiiseli kunye neenkqubo zomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Eyona nto, imizimba yethu "iyaphela" ngenxa yokusetyenziswa. Xa bephelile, abanakukwazi ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukugqoka kunye nokugqithisa iingcamango kugxininiswe ngokucokisekileyo ekucingeni kwethu, kwaye yiyo ngcamango uya kudla ukuva kwiintetho kunye nenkcubeko yethu.
Kwakuqala ukucetyiswa ngokwesayensi nguJalimane u-August Weismann ngo-1882. Silindele nje ukuba umzimba, njengendlela yokucwangcisa imishini, iya kuchitha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiminyaka. Ukugqoka kunye nokuqhawula iingcamango zokuguga kungabuye kubhekiswe kwinto elula yokuchithwa okanye ukuchithwa okuyisiseko.
Ekuqwalaseleni iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zokuguga, ukugqoka kunye nokuqhawula isingeniso kungabonakala kuqala ukuba kuyona efanelekileyo. Ihambelana namava ethu kwaye ithatha iipateni eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo kukho ezinye iingcamango, endaweni yokujonga ukuguga njengento yokungahambi ngokukhawuleza kunye neenkcenkceshela, ukujonga ukuguga njengenkqubo enenjongo, umcimbi ocwangcisiweyo. Ukuba ukuguga kungabi ngaphezu kokuqokelela umonakalo njengoko kwenzeka kwiimoto yindawo entsha yokufunda.
Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngobungqina benkxaso ekunxiba kunye nokukrazula kwaye oko kusishukumisela ukuba singabikho kule ngqungquthela, kunceda ukuhlolisisa ngokufutshane iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zokuguga.
Ingqwalaselo yeengcamango zokuguga
Njengoko nje kuphawulwe, kubalulekile ukuqala ingxoxo yokugqoka kunye nokukhawuleza iingcamango zokuguga ngokuqonda ukuba kukho iimbali ezihlukeneyo zokuguga apho ukugqoka kunye nokuqhawula imfundiso yodwa. Nangona kukho ubungqina kunye nxamnye nale mibono, amathuba kukuba ekugqibeleni, siya kufumanisa ukuba kukudibanisa ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kule nkqubo esekelwe oko sikubiza ngokuthi ukuguga
Kukho iindidi ezibalulekileyo zokuguga, Ezi ziquka:
- Iingcamango ezicwangcisiweyo - Iingcamango ezicwangcisiweyo zokuguga zibamba ukuba ukuguga yinkqubo ejoliswe kuyo, inkqubo eqhelekileyo nje ngokuba ubuntwaba yinkqubo yokuphuhliswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
- Iphutha leengcamango - Iphutha leenkolelo zithi ukuguga akuyona into ehlelwe ukuba yenzeke, kodwa ukuguga kubangelwa uchungechunge lweengozi.
Amacandelo amacandelo, kunye neziqulatho kumanqaku axoxwa ngawo nganye yeengcamango ngokucacileyo ngakumbi apha ngasentla:
Iingcamango ezicwangcisiweyo zokuguga ziquka:
- Inkqubo yokuguga (phenoptosis)
- I-endocrine (i-hormone) inory - I-hormone theory of aging
- Imfundiso ye- immunological yokuguga (kunye "nokuvutha")
Iphutha leingcamango zokuguga ziquka:
- Gqoka kunye neengcamango
- Imilinganiselo yokuphila imfundiso yokuguga
- Iingcamango zamahhala zokuguga
- Iiprotheyini eziqhagamshelana nomxholo wokuguga
- I-DNA yeSomatic iwonakalisa imbono yokuguga
Ezi zimbini iindidi zinyaniso ziyabonakala ngokuthe ngqo kumnye nomnye, njengoko umntu ejonga ukuguga njengenkqubo yemvelo elandela umjikelezo "onempilo" emzimbeni, kanti iiposenti zeeposko zijonga ukuguga njengengozi kunye neengxaki eziza kubanjwa. Ukwahluka kwezi ngcamango, ngoko ke, kudlulela ngaphezu kwe-biology kwaye iyaba yingxoxo yefilosofi.
Izisisiseko ezisisiseko zoBugqoba kunye neNtsomi yokuLuthisa ukuguga
Ukugqoka kunye nokuqhekeka iingcamango kubonisa ukuba imizimba yethu iyaphela emva kwexesha.
Le ngcamango ingaba lula ngathi ngathi sibukela izinto ezingapheliyo phakathi kwethu - ezivela kwiimoto zethu ukuya kwiingubo zethu - zigqithise kwaye zisebenze ngaphantsi kwexesha.
Yintoni Ebangele Ukugqoka Nokuzilimaza Okubangela Ukuguga?
Uninzi lweentlekiso lungonakalisa iinkqubo zomzimba. Ukubonakaliswa kwimizila, i-toxins kunye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kungonakalisa i-gene. Imiphumo yokusebenza komzimba yethu inokudala umonakalo. Xa umzimba udibanisa i-oksijeni, i-radicals ekhululekile iveliswayo ingabangela umonakalo kwiiseli kunye nezicubu.
Kukho iinkqubo zamaselula ezingazitshintshi kuwo wonke ubomi, ezifana neeseli zesisongela zengqondo.
Njengoko la maseli alahlekile, umsebenzi ekugqibeleni uya kulahleka. Njengeesibini zeesokisi, ziyakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba zingabonakali okanye zifumane umngxuma. Ngoxa bekwazi ukuzibamba, njengama-socks banokufunyanwa kuphela kangangoko ngaphambi kokuba bangasebenzi kwakhona.
Kwiiseli eziqhubeka zahlula, i-DNA ingakwazi ukugcina umonakalo kunye neziphene zingazihlanganisela. Kuphela nje isenzo sokuhlukanisa, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, siphumelele i- telomeres ye-chromosomes , ekugqibeleni kubangele iselenki esinqabileyo engakwazi ukwahlula.
Umonakalo oxhamlayo kwiiseli kubangela ukuxhuma kwee-proteins, okubavimbela ekwenzeni imisebenzi enzelwe ukuyenza kwiiseli. Ama-radicals amahhala ngaphakathi kwe-mitochondria, ii-powerhouses zamaseli ethu, akonakalisa iimbumba zee cell ukuze asebenze kakuhle.
Ubu bungqina kunye nokulwa nokugqithisa nokulila njengesizathu sokuguga
Nangona singaqala ukuthetha nje ukuba ukugqoka kunye nokugqabhuka inkolelo "kunengqiqo" kuthi kusekelwe ekuqwalaselweni, kubalulekile ukuthelekisa le mizwa yesisu kunye nento eyaziwa ngokwesayensi ngomzimba nokuguga. Ngaphantsi kwe-microscope, kukho ezinye iinkqubo ezixhasa ukunxiba kunye nokugqabhuka njengento ebangela ukuguga, kodwa ezinye iziphumo ezifunwa ngumbuzo kule nkqubo. Makhe sijonge ubungqina esinabo kunye nxamnye nale mbono.
Ububungqina obuphikelela ukuGqoka kunye neNtsomi yokuThula
Ukugqoka kunye nokugqithisa inkolelo yokuguga kuhambelana kakhulu kunye nendlela esiyiqonda ngayo indlela esineminyaka ngayo. Enyanisweni, sisoloko sisebenzisa igugu lokuguga kungakhathaliseki ukuba lixesha lexesha lokuchaza ukuhlaselwa komntu okanye into.
Kwinqanaba elibanzi, ukugqoka kunye nokuqhawula iingcamango kufana ngokukodwa nemithetho ebalulekileyo yekhemistry kunye ne-physics, ye-entropy. Lo mthetho uthi zonke iinkqubo zithatha kwi-entropy eyandisiweyo okanye ukulungelelaniswa kokuqhubekayo.
Ukubukeka, sinokufumana utshintsho olusesikweni kunye nobudala esikhumbeni nasemathambo. Kwinqanaba leselula, kukho imisebenzi emininzi eyancipha ngobudala. Kwanokutya okulungileyo, iiseli zethu zinciphise amandla okuthatha izondlo ngeeminyaka.
Ububungqina obuphikisana noBugqoko kunye neNtsomi yokulila
Ubungqina obunamandla kunxamnye nokugqoka kunye nokukrazula ingcamango kukuba imizimba yethu inamandla amakhulu okulungisa umonakalo. I-DNA yethu ifakwe i-DNA yokulungisa izidalwa (njenge- tumor suppressor genes ) eyenza ukulungisa umonakalo wemvelo. Ukongezelela, ezinye iifundo zifumene ukuba inkqubo yokuguga ingaba yincinci okanye iguqulwe ngokupheleleyo ngokutshintsha nje i-microenvironment yeeseli okanye izinto ezithile ze-hormonal. Kakade, akusiyo yonke imonakalo inokulungiswa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iimpazamo ekulungiseni ziyakuthatha ixesha.
Enye ingxabano malunga nokugqithisa kunye nokugqabhuka iingcamango zengqungquthela eziphilayo kwisigaba sazo sokukhula somelela ngakumbi. Esikhundleni sokuqala kwimpumelelo yentsebenzo, njengemoto ehlambulukileyo kumgca wendibano okanye entsha ikhompyutheni ebhokisini, izinto eziphilayo zihlala ziqala ubomi obuthathaka. Bakha amandla kunye nokuzinza ngobudala. Bayakwazi ukulungisa nokutshintsha ezininzi iinxalenye eziphukileyo ngokwabo. Ekugqibeleni, kukho iimeko apho kunxiba nokukrazula ngokwenene kwandisa ixesha lokuphila.
Kanti enye ingxabano ivela malunga nokukhangela kwimeko yemvelo yenyama. Kutheni ama-lifepans ahluka kakhulu phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana? Kutheni ezinye iinyama zihlala phantse kabini njengoko senzayo? Ukuhamba nokuchasana okuqhubekayo kwaye ugule kwaye uphuke, kutheni i-salmon, emva kokudada okude kunamanzi, ihluma ize ife; kubonakala kwinqanaba lomzimba?
Ngaphantsi kwizinto ezibangela ukuguga
Umbuzo wokuba kutheni ukuguga kubonakala kubuyela emva kweyona ndlela eyicetywayo ye-Weisman ephakanyisiwe kwi-1800s. UShakespeare wayebhekiselele ekuguga "kwiminyaka emininzi yomntu" kunye nexesha elide ngaphambi kokuba, sichazwe kwincwadi yeGenesis ukuba iminyaka yobomi bethu iya kufikelela kwi-120.
Nangona ukugqoka kunye nokugqabhuka kweengcamango ekuqaleni kubonakala kunokwendalo kwaye kwenza ingqiqo enkulu isekelwe kwimibono yethu, kuyacaca ukuba kukho enye into eyenziwa kwimimzimba yethu engenakuchazwa yile ngcamango. Ingcaciso engakumbi, ngokutsho kwabaphandi abathile kukuba ukunciphisa ukusebenza okubonakala ngathi "ukugqabhuka" kwi "ingubo yokugqoka nokukhawulela" imfundiso yenzani, kungekhona isizathu, sokuguga.
Mhlawumbi kunye nokuqonda kwethu ukuveliswa kwemvelo, siya kuqokelela ulwazi olungcono malunga nantoni na eyenza ukuba umzimba wethu uphele.
Yintoni Ongayenza Ngokusekelwe Kulo Siyaziyo Ngokuguga?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi imfundiso yokuguga ichanekile, okanye ukuba endaweni yokuguga isisonke sezibalo ezininzi zezi ngcamango, umgca weyona nto iphela kukuba sonke sihlala. Nangona singenakubonakala ngathi siyadlulela "iminyaka eyi-120" ekuthethwe ngayo kwiGenesis, izinto ezithile zokuphila zingasichasisa ukuphela kwethu, kwaye ubuncinci, sinike umgangatho ophezulu kubomi bethu.
ILizwi
Esikhundleni sokukuzalisa ngesinye isiluleko (sifunde: i-yawn) ukuba udle kakuhle kwaye usebenzise, sinikeza isicaciso esisodwa esisodwa. Fumana iindlela zokwenza ubomi obunempilo buhle . Ewe, kumnandi. Ziziphi iintlobo zomsebenzi okwenzakalayo? Akukho myalelo ochaza ukuba ufuna ukukhwabanisa kunye nomsebenzi okanye udle ukutya okumnandi ukuze uhlale uphilile. Ukuba kukulima, uyayithanda. Iziqholo azange zenzele inzala ekudleni (kunye nobomi) kodwa zigcwele i-antioxidants.
Thatha isikhashana ngoku, kwaye uluhlu lweendlela ozifunayo zomzimba kunye nokutya okuthandayo okulungileyo kuwe. Emva koko hamba uye ujabule!
> Imithombo:
> Ioannidou, Q., Goulielmaki, E., noG. Garinis. I-DNA Imonakalo: Ukususela kwi-Inflammation Chronic-Age-Related connection. Umda weeGenetics . 7: 187.
> Jin, K. IiNkcazo zeMveli zeBhiliyo ze-Aging. Ukuguga kunye nezifo . 2010. 1 (2): 72-74.
> Katcher, H. Kukhokelo olusekelwe kuBudala. Isayensi ye-Aging Current . 2015. 8 (1): 46-55.
> Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, uJon C. Aster, noJames A. Perkins. IiRobbins kunye neCotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders, 2015. Print.
> Mitteldorf, J. Ukuguga akuyona Inkqubo yokugqoka nokulila. Uhlalutyo loPhando . 2010. 13 (2-3): 322-6.