Ziziphi izinto eziphambili zokubangela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kubantwana? Ngenxa yezimpendulo, ndaphendukela kwiNgxelo yesiFunda kunye neNkcazo yeNational Summary of Data ukusuka kwi-Surveys yonyaka yeZiThulu kunye neNzima yokuLawula abantwana kunye nolutsha olwenziwa yi-Gallaudet University ye-Gallaudet Research Institute. Olu phando lubhekisisa iimpawu zamawaka ezizithulu kunye nabanzima bokufunda abafundi kwilizwe.
Ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe ngenye indlela, idatha ivela kwingxelo ka-2004 kuya ku-2005, eneenkcukacha eziphazamisayo eziphathelene nokukhulelwa, eziza emva kokubeleka kunye nezizathu zokuzalwa. Ingxelo ka-2006-2007 ayinalo ukuphazamiseka okunjalo.
Ukuxhomekeka kokukhulelwa: Ukuqhawuka kwangaphambili
Kutheni ukungahlambuluki kubeka iintsana kubungozi bokulahlekelwa kwindlebe? Inkqubo yokuhlola yengane engaphambi kwexesha ayisakhuli xa umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kweenyanga ezisixhenxe zokubeleka. Ukongezelela, iindlebe zengane zengaphambi kwexesha zijongene nomonakalo.
Ukuxhomekeka kokukhulelwa: I-Cytomegalovirus
I-Cytomegalovirus , esinye isizathu esithintekayo sokukhulelwa, sichazwe njengexanduva lwe-1.8% yeziganeko eziphathelene nokukhulelwa kuzwelonke. I-CMV ifana kakhulu ne-rubella ngendlela ekuchaphazela ngayo umntwana. Njenge-rubella, yintsholongwane engozini enokubangela ukuba umntwana azalwe ngokulahlekelwa kwindlebe, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukungaboni, okanye ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ulwazi malunga ne-CMV lufumaneka kwi-National Registry CMV Registry.
Ukuxhomekeka kokukhulelwa: Okunye ukukhulelwa kweengxaki zokukhulelwa
"Ezinye iingxaki zokukhulelwa" yinto elandelayo ekhankanywe ngokukodwa ngokuphathelele ukukhulelwa, kwi-3.8% yeziganeko eziphathelene nokukhulelwa kwesizwe. Ukukhulelwa kwengxaki yinto enokulimaza umntwana, unina, okanye bobabini, kwaye lunokuba lunomdla okanye lukhulu. Ngokutsho kombutho we-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, lo ludidi oluquka izinto ezifana nokusuleleka kokubeleka, iR Rh, kunye nokuntuleka kwe-oxygen.
Ukuva kwam isiphumo sokukhulelwa kwengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi- rubella . I-Rubella yayisetyenziselwa ukukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo kwaze kwaba yilapho i-vaccine yaphuhliswa ngawo-1960. Kungenzeka nanamhlanje ukuba unina akazange agonywe.
I-post-Natal: i-Otitis Media
Imithombo ye-Otitis yayiyona nto ibonakalayo emva kokuzalwa, kubangama-4.8% amatyala emva kokuzalwa kwamazwe. Izifo zentloko ezinxulumene ne-otitis media ziyaxhalaba kubazali boogqirha kunye noogqirha, ngubani omele anqume ukuba ngaba awuyikuyalela i-antibiotics. Ixesha elithile lomsindo we-otitis lingahle lenze ilahleko yentleti yesikhashana ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwendlebe, kodwa ukuphinda okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-otitis media kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ngonaphakade.I-post-Natal: i-Meningitis
I-Meningitis , kwi-3.6 ekhulwini yamatyala emva kokuzalwa kweso sizwe, yinto ebangela isigxina esilandelayo emva kokuzalwa kwezizithulu ezikhankanywe. Iimitha zokubulala iintswelo ezifunekayo ukunyanga i-bacteria meningitis zingabangela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, kodwa lo mngcipheko ungancitshiswa ngokusebenzisa i-steroids.I-Genetic okanye iSyndromic: Down Syndrome
Iimpawu ze- Genetic okanye ze-syndromic zikhankanywe kwingxelo ka-2004-2005 enoxanduva lwe-22.7% yeziganeko zofuzo okanye i-syndrome. Ingxelo ka-2006-2007 ngokwenene yabonisa ukunyuka okuncane kwezinto ezibangela i-genetic kwi-23%. I-Down syndrome yiyona nto ibangela ukuba i-syndromic ibangele, kwi-8.7% yamatyala e-genetic okanye syndromic loss loss hearing.I-Genetic okanye i-Syndromic: I-CHARGE Syndrome
I-CHARGE syndrome , kwi-5.6% yeziganeko zofuzo okanye i-syndromic, yayisisiganeko esilandelayo se-genetic okanye isifo se-syndrome emva kwe-Down syndrome. I-CHARGE i-craniofacial disorder.I-Genetic okanye i-Syndromic: Waardenburg Syndrome
I-Waardenburg syndrome inokudala izixhobo ezizimeleyo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe; bekuyi-4.8% yamatyala e-genetic okanye syndromic kubangele ilizwe.I-Genetic okanye i-Syndromic: I-Treacher Collins Syndrome
Isifo seTruth Collins yiyona nto elandelayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-genetic okanye i-syndromic. NJENGENGQONDO, uTruth Collins yinkinga ye-craniofacial engabangela ukuzithulu.Izizathu ezingaziwa
Ekugqibeleni, kwingxelo ka-2004-2005, intsalela yamatyala yayingenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa (malunga nama-54% amatyala). Ingxelo ka-2006-2007 yabona ukwanda kwimiba engaziwayo, ukuya kuma-57% eengxaki zesithulu.
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Imithombo eyongezelelweyo: I-American Academy yeeNtsapho zeeNtsapho, http://www.aafp.org/
Isibhedlele sabantwana abagulayo eCanada, http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca
Umbutho wase-American Talk-Language-Hearing Association, http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/causes.htm#otitis