Ukuphazamiseka kokuSusa (iDysosmia) kunye nantoni na
Ziziphi iingxaki ezihambelanayo? Ziziphi izimbangela ze-dysosmia (ukuphazamiseka ngendlela yokuphosa) kwaye kutheni kwenzeka? Kutheni oku kubaluleke kangaka?
Yintoni i-Olfaction? - Ukubaluleka Kwemvakalelo Yethu Yokunuka
Kuya kuba nzima ukucinga ubomi obuphilayo ngaphandle kokufumana iphunga le-rose, okanye i-coffee taste morning. Ukunyuka, ukuziva kwethu, kukudlala indima ebalulekileyo malunga nobomi bomntu wonke.
Akunakuphela nje ukunyuka kusinceda sibone i-fragrance emoyeni kuthi, kodwa kubalulekile ekuncedeni ukuba sinandiphe i-flavour of foods. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uye wakuva ukuba "ukunambitha" ngokuyinkohlakalo, kwaye oko kuyinyaniso. Ingqondo eyonakalisiweyo yokunyuka iyaphazamisa kakhulu: uvuyo lokutya nokuphuza lunokulahleka, kwaye ukuxinezeleka kunokubangelwa. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ingozi echaphazelekayo nokulahlekelwa yiphunga, kubandakanywa ukungakwazi ukufumana igesi ephumayo okanye ukutya okuphangaleleyo.
Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2.7 eUnited States baneenkinga eziyingozi, kwaye oku kusenokungathandabuzeki. Abanye abantu baye bacetyisa ukuba malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 banomqondo ophungayo wokunuka.
I-Anatomy ne-Physiology ye-Olfaction (i-Feel of Smell)
Kwindawo ephezulu nephakathi phakathi kwempumlo, kukho indawo encinci yeseli ebizwa ngokuba yi-mucosa ene-olfactory. Le ndawo ifihla izinto ezininzi zokukhusela, ezifana ne-immunoglobulins (iintsholongwane ezibophelela kwimiba yangaphandle njengamachiza amaninzi), ukwenzela ukukhusela ii-infathogens ukungena entloko.
Kukho nenani elikhulu leeprotheni, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-receptors, ezithatha iikhemikhali kwimeko, okanye izivumba . I-receptor nganye icatshangelwa ukuba inomfanekiso okhethekileyo ohambelana nalezi zivumba ezifana nesitshixo kufana nesitshixo.
Ama-receptors ama-olfactory ahlala kwiiyunithi ezingama-6 ukuya kweyesigidi eziqhelekileyo ze-chemoreceptor kwiiseli nganye.
Iimitholamli ezintsha zenziwa kwi-adult-enye yeempawu ezimbalwa zendlela ubuchopho obunokuyenza ngayo iisensi zeesondlo ehlabathini lonke. Xa kukho ukulungelelanisa phakathi kweekhemikhali zendalo kunye ne-receptor kwi-cell eyefactory, i-cell cell igxotha umqondiso ngqo kwingqondo kwi -bulb .
Ngoxa i-bulb ebenziwayo ibhekwa ngokuba yinto yokuqala "ye- nerve craneal ", akuyiyo inyolo, kodwa inxalenye yengqondo ngokwayo. Iimpawu ezisasazwa kwi-bulb ejikelezayo ukuya kwiindawo ezizodwa ze-cortex ye-cerebral kunye ne-amygdala, eyingxenye yengqondo echaphazelekayo. Ukususela kwi-cortex eyimpumelelo, iimpawu zihanjiswe kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho, kubandakanywa ne-thalamus kunye ne-hypothalamus.
Ukuphazamiseka kwemiba
Kukho amagama amaninzi asetyenziswayo ukuchaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka kweentlobo. Ezi ziquka:
- I-Dysomia - Ukuphazamiseka ngendlela yokuvumba. I-Dysosmia iyahlukana ibe ziintlobo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka kweentlobo. I-Parosmia ibhekisela kwinguqu kwimbono yephunga. I-Phantosmia, ngokuchaseneyo, ibhekisela kwingcamango yevumba elingakhoyo. Nge-parosmia, kwaye iphunga elimnandi lingafaniyo kunokuba lenzile kuwe ngaphambili, okanye ngoku unokufumana ukuvutha komlilo oye wakujabulela ngaphambili. Nge-phantosmia, unokwenza, umzekelo, ukuvumba umlilo wenkampu xa kungekho mlilo womlilo.
- I-Hyposmia - Ukunciphisa amandla okuziva ukuthunga
- I-Anosmia - Ukungakwazi ukuvumba
Iingxaki zeDysomia (Ukuphazamiseka Ngendlela Yokunuka)
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko ezingabangela i-dysosmia.
Izibangela eziqhelekileyo zizifo zengqondo kunye neyesusus : ngokugubungela iindinyana zamanzi kunye nokutshisa izicubu ezifumana iamolekyu ezinamafutha, izifo zentsholongwane kunye neentlungu zinefuthe kwiqondo lethu elivakalayo elo phantse elowo wonke umntu ehlangene ngexesha okanye elinye. Iimeko ezinxulumene neempumlo, ezifana neeplasps zamanzi , ukuphambuka kwee-septal , kunye nokuhlinzwa kunye nokulimala empumeni (njenge-rhinoplasty) kunokuphazamisa umqondo wokuvumba.
Ezinye izizathu ezikhoyo ziquka:
- Ukuxhatshazwa kweNtloko - Ukulimala kwengqondo kuphazamiseka kwiindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo: impumlo ingakonakaliswa, okanye iimbilini ze-nerve ezithumela ulwazi oluvela ekhaleni ukuya kwingqondo ziyakunqunyulwa okanye ziqhekeke ngexesha lokulimala kwentloko. Ixinzelelo lingahle lonakalise ngqo i-bulb ebenzayo efumana iimolyuli esizihovayo.
- Izicubu zebongo - Ezi zicubu ezinengqondo ezinobungozi kwaye ezinobungozi , ikakhulukazi ezibandakanya i-bulb ebenzayo okanye i-lobes yesikhashana, inokudibanisa nokutshintsha kwindlela yokuphosa. Kwezinye iimeko, ukulahleka kwentswelo yokuvumba kungabonakalisa okokuqala isifo sobuhlungu besifo sobuhlungu.
- Iifomsi kwimeko - Imveliso yecuba kunye nomsi oyancipha umqondo wokuvumba. Iifomsi ezifana ne-ammonia, i-acid ye-sulfuric, kunye ne-formaldehyde inokunciphisa ukunyuka.
- Amachiza - Amanye amayeza, ngakumbi amacandelo amachiza asebenzisa ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi angaphazamisa umvakalelo. Imizekelo ibandakanya iPradiadia (nifedipine), iVasotec (i-enalapril), ne-Norvasc (i-amlodipine).
- Intloko nentamo yomlilo ngomhlaza
Iingxaki ze-neurological - Ingaphezulu kwe-90 ekhulwini yabantu abanesifo se-Alzheimerba kunzima ukuphosa, kwaye i-dysosmia iqhelekile kwisifo sika-Parkinson .
Isifo sikashukela - Njengomonakalo wentsholongwane onokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-neuropathy kunye ne-retinopathy kwisifo sikashukela, umonakalo kwiimbilini ezibandakanyeka ekuthomeni kuya kwenzeka.
Ubuthakathaka be-Vitamin - Ukungabikho kwe-zinc okanye ukungabikho kwe-thiamine ekhokelela kwi- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome kudibene nokulahlekelwa kwintsholongwane.
Ingqiqo yokunuka ivame ukunciphisa ngokuguga ngokwemvelo , kunye nezifo ezinokukhubazeka ezinjenge- dementia . Nangona i-bulb ebenzileyo yabantu abadala isine-60,000 mitral neurons, zombini inani le-mitral neurons kunye nobubanzi be-nuclei yabo linciphisa ngokugqithiseleyo ngobudala.
Kwabantu abangama-5 kwabantlanu abaneengxaki ezinobungozi, imbangela "yi-idiopathic," okuthethi akukho nto ekhethekileyo ifumaneka.
Ukuxilongwa kweengxaki ezichanekileyo
Ukuxilongwa kweziphazamiso eziqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ngokuqaqambileyo kwimbali kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Isivikelo somzimba sinokukhangela ubungqina bentsholongwane yentsholongwane okanye i-polyp nasps. Umlando oqapheleyo ungabonakalisa ukubonakaliswa okunobungozi.
Uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania yaseSpell Test Test Identification Test can be done uvavanye ukuba i-hyperosmia okanye i-anosmia ikhona ngokwenene. Ekubeni zininzi izizathu ezinokubakho ezivela kwiingxaki zengqondo kuya kubangelwa yondlo, kunye nokunye, ukuvavanywa okuqhubekayo kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi.
Unyango kunye nokujongana nokulahlekelwa kweSense of Smell
Akukho zonyango ezithile ezinokuthi zitshintshe utshintsho ngombono wokuhogela. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-dysomia isombulula ngokwayo ngexesha. Abaphandi baye bavavanya ukusebenzisa i-vitamin A ne-supplementation ye-dose ephezulu, kodwa njengokuba kunjalo, oku akubonakali kuyasebenza. Uqeqesho olusesikweni lujongwa ngoku kwaye lubonakala lubuthembise kwizifundo zakuqala.
Ukunyamezela ngoloo njongo ephambili yonyango. Kulabo abangenanto yokunuka, ukunyaniseka okufana nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-alarm yomlilo ibalulekile. Ukucebisa okunomsoco kunokuba luncedo kuba ezinye zokutya kunye neziqholo ezinokuthi zivuselele i-receptors (i-chemoreceptors ezizinzileyo kunye nezilungelelaniso.)
Ngaphantsi koxinaniso kunye nokuphazamiseka okuchaphazela indlela esiyijonga ngayo
Ukubaluleka kwentsingiselo yokunuka kunye neengcamango ngokuqhelekileyo iyaxatyiswa kwiindawo zansuku zonke. Nangona i-nerf yoltifact ibhalwe inombolo ye-nerve ye-cranial, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokuxhatshazwa, ngokwenza ukuba umonakalo ungeyonto ivavanywa (nangona i-neurologists.) Nangona kuyi nyaniso ukuba inkqubo encinci kubantu incinci ifaniswa nezinye izilwanyana, iphunga Bobabini basinceda sinovuyo ubomi, kwaye sinokusikhusela kwizinto ezinobuthi kwindawo.
Imithombo
- UKasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L. Hauser. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: iMac Graw-Hill Education, 2015. Phrinta.
- Pekala, K., uCandra, R., noJer Turner. Ukusebenza koQeqesho oluPheleleyo kwiZiGulane ezineNkunkuma eLawulayo: UkuHlola okuHlolo kunye ne-Meta-Analysis. Iforamu yamazwe ngamazwe e-Allergy and Rhinology . 2016. 6 (3): 299-307.
- Wongrakpanich, S., Petchlorlian, A., kunye no-A. Rosenzweig. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo Ukungasebenzi kunye nokuhla kweCognitive: I-Article Review. Ukuguga kunye nezifo . 2016. 7 (6): 763-769.