Ukuqonda i-Neuroimagination esebenzayo
UkuTyekiswa kweMagnetic Resonance (MRI) inike oogqirha bakwazi ukufumana imifanekiso emihle yezakhiwo zeengqondo. Inqubo entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-MRI isebenzayo ingaphaya nangakumbi ngokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo umsebenzi wengqondo. Ngelixa ixesha elininzi ixesha lobugcisa lusetyenziswa kuphela kwizifundo zophando, luya kuba luqhelekileyo kwimeko yekliniki.
Mhlawumbi ufumana imifanekiso eyenziwe usebenzisa iMRI esebenzayo ngexesha elithile.
Zibonisa ingqondo ngeendawo ezinemibala ebonisa indawo zeengqondo ezidibene nomsebenzi othile njengolwimi okanye ukunyakaza. Ezi zifundo zithandwa kakhulu: Amakhulu amanqaku ezesayensi asebenzisa le teknoloji ayapapashwa nyanga zonke, ezininzi zazo zikhankanywe nakwi-press lay. Kodwa zenziwe njani ezi mifanekiso, kwaye zithini ngokwenene?
I-MRI isebenza njani
I-MRI esebenzayo isebenzisa isignali ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-blood oxgen dependence (BOLD). Igazi eligeleza ngaphakathi kwengqondo lithwala i-oksijeni kwiamolekyu ebizwa ngokuthi i- hemoglobin . Iimemlekhali zeHemoglobin nazo zithwala isinyithi kwaye ngoko zinezibonakaliso zamagnetic. Kuye kwavela ukuba iimmlekli ze-hemoglobin zinemimandla ehlukeneyo yamandla xa ziqhotyoshelweyo ne-oksijini kunokuba zingekho i-oksijeni, kwaye lo mvahluko omncinci ungabonwa ngomshini we-MRI.
Xa indawo yengqondo isasebenza, okokuqala isebenzisa i-oxygen eninzi egazini.
Kungekudala emva koko, ingqondo ixubisa imida yegazi ukuze ibuyise oksijini. Ingqondo ingayenza loo msebenzi ngokuncinci kakuhle kangangokuthi igazi elingaphezulu kwe-oksijeni lingena kuloo ndawo kunokuba okokuqala kusetyenziswa. Umshini we-MRI unokubona ukuhluka kumqondiso ophumela ekunyuseni kwegazi oksijini.
Iingxelo zeMRI ezisebenzayo azibheki ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi ye-neuronal ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa zijonga indlela amazinga e-oksijeni egazi aguquka ngayo kwaye ehambelanisa lo msebenzi ukuze aphephe amavolumu. Izifundo ziye zabonisa ukuba le ngcamango ichanekile, nangona izifo ezinjengeentlobo zengxubevange, izilonda , kunye nokuguga okuqhelekileyo kunokutshintsha ubudlelwane phakathi kwemisebenzi ye-neural kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kwendawo ephumela kwisibonakaliso seBOLD.
Unogqirha Unokusebenzisa njani i-MRI esebenzayo?
Ngenxa yokuba iteknoloji entsha kunye nokuba ezinye iindlela ziyakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo efana ne-FMRI, i-fMRI ayisetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicwangciso zesikliniki okanye esibhedlele. Nangona kunjalo, ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukucwangcisa ubuchopho obubalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-neurosurgeon ifuna ukususa i-tumor yengqondo ehlala kufuphi namaziko olwimi wengqondo, ingahle ilandele ucwaningo lwe-FMRI ukukunceda ukubonisa ukuba yintoni na iinjongo zobuchopho ezibandakanyekayo ngolwimi. Oku kunceda i- neurosurgeon ingakuphepha ukulimaza ezo ziqendu ngelixa zenza utyando. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-FMRI kukuphando lwezokwelapha.
Ziziphi iindidi zoPhando ezenziwayo usebenzisa i-FMRI?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokusebenzisa i-FMRI ukujonga ngeso lengqondo. Enye indlela ijolise ekufumaneni iinkalo ezithile zeengqondo eziphendula umsebenzi othile okanye ukuvuselela.
Umzekelo, umntu oseskrini se-MRI angaboniswa i-checkerbhodi ebhanyayo kwezinye iindawo, kunye nezinye izihlandlo ezingenanto. Basenokucelwa ukuba baphosele iqhosha xa bebona i-checkerboardboard. Umqondiso ngexesha lomsebenzi uza kufaniswa nomqondiso xa umsebenzi ungenziwanga, kwaye umphumo uya kuba ngumfanekiso wecandelo leengqondo ezibandakanyekayo ekuboneni i-checkerbhodi ekhanyayo uze ucofe iqhosha.
Ngenye indlela i-fMRI ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlola amanxibelelwano enokhenketho. Oku kubandakanya ukucinga ukuba zeziphi iingongoma zengqondo zixoxa. Ukuba enye indawo yengqondo ikhanya ngokukhawuleza njengenye enye, le mimandla mibini yengqondo ingaxhunyiwe.
Akukho msebenzi oya kufuneka ukuba wenze olu hlobo lokufunda. Ngenxa yoko, ezi zifundo zibizwa ngezinye izihlandlo zokuphumla kweempawu zombane ezigwenxa.
Ulwazi oluvela kwizifundo ze-MRI lusebenza nzima kwaye lufuna uhlalutyo oluninzi oluthethayo. Okokuqala kwakhokelela abantu abaninzi ukuba bangathembeli kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwe-MRI, njengoko kubonakala kuninzi amathuba amaninzi okuphutha ekuhlaleni. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bobabini abaphandi nabahlalutyi bejwayelene ngakumbi ne-teknoloji entsha, iziphumo zithembeke kwaye zithembeke.
Yintoni Ixesha Elizayo Elibambelele kuMRI?
Izifundo ze-MRI ezisebenzayo sele zibonise izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo malunga nobuchopho, ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa oko sasiyayazi malunga neendlela zengqondo kunye nobuchule bendawo. Nangona kunzima ukuthetha ukuba i-fMRI iya kudla isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwisimo seklinikhi, ukuthanda kwayo nokusebenza njengethuluzi lophando lwakwenza kubalulekile ukuba oogqirha kunye nabantu baqonde ukuba isiseko sendlela esi sisebenza ngayo.
Imithombo:
Pressman P, Gitelman D. I-MRI esebenzayo: I-primer yabahlali be-neurology. I-Neurology ngo-2012 ngoMatshi 06, 78 (10) e68-e71
Faro SH, Mohamed FB, Haughton V. I-MRI esebenzayo: Iimigaqo-siseko kunye nezicelo zezonyango: I-Oxford Univrsity Press, e-USA, ngo-2006.