I-MRI isebenza njani kwaye yiyiphi imigaqo echaza
I-imagination resonance magnetic (MRI) yindlela enamandla yokujonga ngaphakathi komzimba womntu. Imifanekiso efunyenwe yi-MRI ifumaneka ngokucacileyo, ivumela oogqirha ukuba babone izinto abangenakuzisebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezifana ne- CT scan okanye i- X-ray . Ngaphandle kwe-neurosurgery, i-MRI inikezela ngokubhetele ngakumbi phantsi kwegazi.
Ngenxa yokuba i-MRI ithatha imifanekiso enyanzelisayo, abanye abantu bacinga ukuba iziphumo mazibe lula ukuziqonda.
Ngelishwa, ukuqonda okufanelekileyo kwezi mifanekiso kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni okuqinileyo kwezixhobo kunye ne-physics emva kweengcamango ze-magnetic resonance. Ngesi sizathu, i-MRI icatshulwa kuphela ngugqirha oyalela ukuba kulandwe, kodwa nangama-radiologists, awona oogqirha abazodwa ekuchazeni le mifanekiso.
Indlela iMRI esebenza ngayo
Xa isiguli sifumana i-MRI scan, ifakwe kwisitampu esincinci. Ukumjikeleza nguye umbane onamandla kakhulu. Xa le magnet ivuliwe, i-athomu ye-hydrogen ijikeleza ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba le-magnetic field. I-pulse yomsakazo isetyenziselwa kwingingqi yomzimba ukuba ihlolwe. I-Atom kule ndawo ithatha enye yamandla kagesi, ebenza ukuba bajikeleze kwixesha elithile kunye nolawulo. Amagetsi amancinci avaliwe kwaye ngeendlela ezinjalo ukuze kusebenze imimandla echanekileyo eyaziwayo njengeziqendu. Xa i-frequency ye-frequency impulse ikhutshiwe, i-athomu ye-hydrogen ikhululwe amandla, ikhupha uphawu olufunyenwe ngumshini we-MRI.
Ikhompyutha ihlalutya le miqondiso kwaye isebenzise ekwakheni umfanekiso weslice.
Okulungileyo nokubi kweMRI
I-MRI inikezela imifanekiso yomzimba womntu njengokungathi yayicinywe njengesonka sesonka. Iingceli zinokuba nayiphi na indlela kwaye zinokuba zincinci nje ngeemithamitha ezimbalwa. Ukukhishwa kwe-MRI yindlela efanelekileyo yokujonga izicubu ezithambileyo ezifana nobuchopho kunye nomgudu womgudu.
Kwakhona, i-MRI ayifuni ukufunyanwa kwimizi.
Ngaphazamiso, i-MRI iyabiza kwaye ithatha ixesha elide ukwenza. Isigulane kufuneka sihlale sisenokwenzeka ngexesha lokuskena, njengoko intshukumo encinane ingadibanisa imifanekiso. Imifanekiso ingaphambukiswa naluphina uhlobo lwesinyithi. Ekugqibeleni, ngelixa i-MRI ilungile ekujongeni izicubu ezithambileyo, ezinye iindlela ezifana ne-CT scan zingcono xa zijonge amathambo ngenxa yeengxaki ezinjengezahlulo.
Indlela i-MRI inokunceda ngayo izigqibo zempilo
Umfanekiso wesiganeko sombane kufuneka uqondwe kumxholo webali lakho kunye novavanyo lwakho lomzimba. Ngokuxhomekeke kumongo, i-lesion efanayo iboniswe kwi-MRI ingaba ngumqondiso wesifo , isisu, i- multiple sclerosis , okanye akukho nto ebalulekileyo. Kunokuba unike impendulo ecacileyo, ngoko, i-MRI inikezela ngolwazi olongezelelweyo olungakunceda ugqirha ugqirha oluchanekileyo.
Ukongezelela ekufumaneni izinto kwi-MRI engachaza ingxaki yakho, i-MRI ingayifumanisa "ukufunyanwa kwangoku." Ezi ziyinto ezingavumelekanga ezingenakho iimpembelelo ezinzulu kwaye azihambelani nengxaki ekhoyo. Ngokomzekelo, izigulane ezininzi ezineentlungu zentamo zixhala malunga nokuba i-MRI ibonisa iintlobo ezinobungakanani bentamo entanyeni baze baxelelwe ukuba izigulane ezininzi ezingenazo intlungu zentamo zinama-disc bulk.
I-MRI ingaba yindlela enamandla kakhulu yokunceda ekufumaneni izifo okanye ukulandela ukunyuka kwesifo, kodwa akufanelekanga kuzo zonke iimeko . Ezinye iimvavanyo ezilula ukufumana zinganika ulwazi olungcono malunga nokuxilongwa nokunyangwa kwakho.
Ukufunda ingxelo zeMRI
Xa abaninzi abantu befunda ingxelo ye-MRI eyenziwe ngu-radiologist, banokuvakalelwa ngathi kubhalwe ngolunye ulwimi. Ngeendlela ezininzi, zichanekile. Isigama sezonyango sidibanisa isiGrike nesiLatini. Ukongezelela, ingxelo ingasebenzisa ijektri yobugcisa ukuchaza iinkalo ezithile ze-MRI. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi oogqirha baxoxa ngeziphumo kunye nezigulane zabo, kunokubanika nje ikopi yengxelo.
Xa ufunda ingxelo ye-MRI yengqondo, nantso amagama aqhelekileyo onokuhlangana nawo.
- I-Coronal: Le ngcezu ejongene nobuchopho kuqala. Kufana nokusika isonka sesonka ngendlela yendabuko.
- I-Axial: Ezi ziqulathe ingqondo ukusuka phezulu, njengamaqhekeza ekhekhe.
- I-Sagittal: Ezi ziqendu zengqondo ukusuka kwicala.
- Ulandelelwano: Ulandelelwano lubeka i-MRI scan kwezinye iiparitha, kwaye iqokelela ulwazi phantsi kwale parameters. Ukulandelelana okulungileyo kukulungele ukubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo. Ukulandelelana kunokubandakanya i-T1, i-T2, kunye nokwahlukana.
- Ukuphucula: Ngamanye amaxesha i-MRI icatshulwa yenziwa ngokusetyenziswa. Oku kuquka ukungenwa kwe-intravenous ye-ejenti eyahlukileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-gadolinium. Ukwahlukana kuya kwanda, okanye kuphuculwe, umqondiso weentlobo ezithile zezilonda. Ngokomzekelo, i - lesion multiple sclerosis lesion iya kuphucula ngaphantsi kokungafani, kanti izilonda ezininzi ezingasebenziyo ziya kuphucula.
- I-MRA: Oku kumele i-angiogram yamandla amakhulu. Olu luhlobo lwe-MRI scan ejolise kwiinqanawa zobuchopho. Oku kunceda kakhulu ukuba kukho inkxalabo yokubetha okanye ezinye izifo zesifo.
- Ubungqineko / ukucinga ngombono: I-MRI ikhombisa iipikseli ezivela kumhlophe ukuya kumnyama, zininzi zee-gray eziphakathi kwe-gray. Imibala emihle kuthiwa ine-signal ephezulu okanye ibe ngakumbi. Uxinzelelo, okanye ukuxilonga, kuthetha ummandla ogqithiseleyo okanye obumnyama kunokuba kulindeleke. Oku kungabonakalisa isihlunu kodwa ngezinye izihlandlo ngenxa ye-artifact.
- I-Artifact: Imifanekiso ye-magnontic resonance ingaphambukiswa ngokunyakaza, insimbi, okanye i-scanner iingxaki, phakathi kwamanye amaninzi. Enyanisweni, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60 ze-artifact ezinokuthi zidibanise ukuguqulelwa kwe-MRI.
Nangona ezi ziyimimiselo eqhelekileyo efumaneka kwiingxelo ze-MRI, khumbula ukuba nangona i-glossary epheleleyo yemigqaliselo, ukutolika kwe-MRI kusencike ekuboneni ukuqonda ngokumalunga ne-anatomy, physics, physiology, kunye ne-pathology. Ezi zicatshulwa zixubusha ngokugqithiseleyo nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde kakuhle into efunyenweyo.
> Imithombo:
> Nadgir R, Yousem DM. I-Neuroradiology: Iimfuno ze-4. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. 2016.
> Iisiseko zeMRI. JP Hornak. http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/inside.htm.