Ukuba unentsapho yembali yomhlaza, usenokuba weva ngeli gama elithi "kwangaphambili." Ukuba unesifo somhlaza kwisifo somhlaza kwaye awuzange ulive ixesha, ungayifumana ilinceda ukuchaza oko kunzima ukuchaza, kwaye ufumane inkxaso.
Makhe sijonge inkcazo yokulungelelanisa, ukhetho lwezonyango olukhoyo, iimvakalelo ezikhethekileyo kunye noloyiko oluya kuhamba kunye neziphumo, kwaye yeyiphi inkxaso enokufumaneka.
Inkcazo
Igama elithi "i-previvor" lenziwe yinkqubo ye-FORCE kwaye ibhekiselele ekusukeni kwimeko yomhlaza. Ngamanye amachiza, kukho iindlela zokuthintela ezinokuthi zithathwe kumngcipheko ophantsi, kodwa ngokungafaniyo nalawo afunyanwe nomhlaza, kukho ulwazi oluncinane malunga nendlela yokuqalisa. Yintoni oyifunayo ukuba unikwe amandla njengengqungquthela okanye ufunde ukuba uyilungelelaniso?
Ngamanye amachiza, kukho iimvavanyo zokuphonononga ezinokunceda ekutholeni kwangaphambili. Kwabanye, kunokukho unyango okanye amayeza anokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba uhlakulele umhlaza kwindawo yokuqala.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu unomzekelo, ukuguquka kwezityalo ze-BRCA1 kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphucula umdlavuza webele okanye ovavani, unokuqala ukuhlolisisa ngethuba lokuqala kunye ne- MRM . Abo basengozini yomdlavuza wekolon yelifa bangaqalisa ukubonwa kwekolonoscopy ebusheni. Izindlela zokukhusela zikhona, ngokunjalo, njengokuba kwakukhethwa u-Angelina Jolie kunye nempilo yakhe yeprophylactic .
Izizathu Zokuba Omnye Ungaboniswa
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba umntu angathatyathwa njengempendulo. Ziquka:
- Abo banokuguquka komzimba owaziwayo ophakamisa umngcipheko womhlaza, njenge-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2.
- Abo bafumana imbali yomeleleyo yentsapho yomhlaza. Amalungu amalungu entsapho kunye nomhlobo omnye womhlaza okanye abantu abanomdla othile (njengomhlaza wesifuba kwamanye amalungu kunye ne-pancreatic kwelinye) banokukhathazeka ngakumbi kunabanye.
- Ukuba nomngcipheko wesifo somhlaza ophakamisa umngcipheko wakho, umzekelo, ukuba neembali zesifo esilumkileyo esisifo esingasiphakamisela ingozi yomhlaza wekolon.
Ukufumanisa Ukuba Unye
Uninzi lwabantu "abaphambili" mhlawumbi aluqondi ukuba eli lixesha liyafaneleka. Ukuvavanya i-Genetic yomhlaza yinto nje yakutshanje, kwaye ukwazi kwethu ngomngcipheko womhlaza kuphucula yonke imihla. Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu abe nokuqonda kwimbali yentsapho kunye neyakhe imfuza kunye nokufunda ngomhlaza wesizalo kunye nokuhlolwa kofuzo xa kusebenza.
Ekubeni ukuqonda komhlaza wesizalo kusebuncinaneni, kukho ulwazi oluninzi oluchanekileyo ngaphandle kwalapho. Akukho mvavanyo yegazi elula ekwazi ukukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-cancers okuyiyo yokuyihlakulela, kwaye ayikho imigaqo yayo eqinileyo kwiimeko ezininzi ezinokwenzeka.
Ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kwezibalo kubalulekile xa ufunda ngemingcipheko yemvelo ukuze ugweme ukwesaba okungadingekile. Ngokomzekelo, unokuva ukuba unomdla othile uphinda ubambe umngcipheko wohlobo lomhlaza. Izibalo ezifana nale nto zingakhohlisa. Ukuba ibhekisela kumhlaza njengomhlaza wesifuba, umhlaza owenzeka kwi-1 kwabasetyhini aba-8, oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba nomngcipheko kabini kunokunika ingozi e-4 yokuphuhlisa eso sifo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba umdlavuza onqabileyo uvela kwi-1 kuphela kubantu abayi-100,000, ukuva ukuba unomngcipheko kabini unokwesabisa. Sekunjalo, oku kuya kuthetha ukuba ingozi yakho ngoku i-1 kwi-50,000.
Ukuba unqikaze ukubuza amalungu omndeni wakho ukuba zeziphi iimeko eziye zenzeka kwiintsapho zakho, awunabo. Ingaba ingxoxo engalunganga ukuqala. Unokufuna ukujonga ezinye iingcamango zendlela yokufumana ingxoxo yomlando wentsapho yomhlaza.
Mngeni
Siza kungena kwezinye iindlela zokwenza unyango ukuba uyilungelelaniso, ukucwangciswa kocwangciso lweentsapho kunye nendlela yokujamelana ngayo nemvakalelo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthetha ngentetho yokuqala malunga nokuba kutheni ukukhutshwa kwangaphambili kunokuba ngumngeni onjalo.
Emva koko, abanye abantu banokwenza izinto ezibhekiselele kodwa ezibuhlungu, njengokuba "ubuncinane unganomdlavuza!"
Abo banomdlavuza wesibeleko abanakuyiqonda imingeni yokuba yi-previvor, njengoko kuphawuliwe kule ngxelo yokugqibela. Unokucinga ukuba abaxhobayo kufuneka bafumane inkxaso encedo kuba sele sele bafumene i-diagnostic, kodwa oku akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokudabukisayo, kuba kukho inkxaso encinci kubantu abachasayo kunabasindileyo. Njengoko ulungelelaniso, ungazivakalelwa kwaye uyedwa.
Ukubakho kwangaphambili kukuxhalabisa, kwaye ngezinye iindlela, lo xhaphazo luya kuba lubi ngakumbi kunaloo lwabasindileyo. Ngoba? Ukuba ufumene unomhlaza ungafumana isicwangciso sonyango. Unokwenza okuthile. Kunoko, njengengqungquthela, abantu bajamelana noyiko olungaziwayo kunye nokungaqiniseki kwekamva.
Olunye umehluko luyilungiselelo lonyango. Izikhokelo zikhoyo kwiinkcitha ezininzi zegciwane, kwaye abaninzi be-oncologists baqhelana nalezi. Yintoni omele uyenze njengoluhlobo olulungele ukunciphisa umngcipheko okanye uncedo ekufumaneni okokuqala umhlaza? Akusoloko icacile. I-teknoloji esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iimeko ezikhethekileyo (ngokukodwa ukuhlolwa kofuzo) zide emva kokuqwashisa ukuba kunokufumaneka. Oku kufana nokwenyaniso kunyango kodwa kuninzi emoyeni. Cinga nge- mastectomy ephindwe kabini kumfazi omncinci, ongenawo umhlaza.
Kwisifundo esithile esibhekisele ukululekwa ngokubeletha kwabaphambili, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngaphantsi kwesigamu sezobuchwepheshe bezobugcisa beziqhelana nabaphathi. Yaye, kwabo babesazi, abaninzi bathi ulwazi lwabo lwaluphantsi okanye lube lukhulu.
I-Cancer ye-Hereditary ngokubhekiselele kwiinguqu eziphambili ze-Gene
Ukuzekelisa ezinye zeengxaki ekuqondeni umdlavuza wesibeleko, kuba luncedo ukuthetha malunga nentsingiselo yomhlaza wesibeleko. Mhlawumbi uye wakuva malunga nokuguqulwa kwezityalo ze-BRCA, kodwa le akhawunti iphela kuma-20 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini weengcingo zebele. Iinguqulelo ze-BRCA zicingelwa ukuba ziyingxaki kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini zeengcingo zebele.
Kukho iinguqu ezingama-72 eziguqulwa ngumhlaza wesibeleko , ezinye zazo zibeka ingozi enkulu kwaye ezinye zazo ziyingcipheko ephantsi. Ngaphezulu kweli, kukho amathuba amaninzi esiwafumananga. Uvavanyo lufumaneka kwiinguqulelo ze-BRCA, kunye nabanye, kodwa inkoliso yexesha abafazi abahlakulela umhlaza wesibeleko esibelethwayo ababaziyo ingozi yabo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imbali yentsapho kwaye ungakhange ujonge uvavanyo lwemizimba yedwa. Enyanisweni, abanye oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba nabani na ovavanyo lwemizimba kufuneka babone umcebisi wezofuzo. Umcebisi wezofuzo unokubona ukuba umngcipheko ukhona ngokujonga kwimbali yakho yentsapho nangona iimvavanyo zakho ziqhelekileyo.
UkuLawula Iingozi Zakho
Ukulawula ukuxhomekeka kwakho kumhlaza kuya kuxhomekeke kwimibandela emininzi, kubandakanya uhlobo lomhlaza, umngcipheko onobungozi obuya kuba nomdlavuza, ubudala bakho kunye nokunye okuninzi. Umntu ngamnye uhlukile, kwaye indlela iyahlukahluka kubantu ngabanye ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuphila kwabo. Ukuba unqwenela ukuba neentsapho, ukukhutshwa kwamaqanda akho akuyi kuba yinto efanelekileyo, kodwa ukuba uthe wagqiba intsapho yakho kwaye unokuguquka kwe-BRCA.
Makhe sijonge imimiselo yokuhlola (ukunceda ekutholeni kwangaphambili) kunye nonyango (ukunciphisa umngcipheko) onokuqwalaselwa.
Imizekelo yokhetho lwenyango iquka:
- Imilinganiselo yokuguquka komzimba kunye neemeko eziphezulu zesifo somhlaza webele (BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2).
- Ukususwa kwee-ovari kunye namathambo e-fallopian kubasetyhini abane-BRCA.
Ukukhethwa kwenkcazo yindlela yokukhetha i-cancer kuphela. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu unelungelo lokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, abakwazi nje ukucela ukususwa kwamaphaphu kabini. Kule meko, ekuqaleni, okanye ukucoca rhoqo rhoqo kunokuqwalaselwa. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
- Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kunye / okanye i-MRIs yomhlaza wesifuba.
- Iimvavanyo ze-GYN kunye ne-ovarian ultrasounds ukufumana umdlavuza we-ovari.
- I-Colonoscopy ukukhangela umdlavuza wekoloni (kunye nezinye izidalwa ezizalwayo njenge- Lynch syndrome le nto ingaqaliswa ekupheleni komntwana).
- I-PSA kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zamadoda ane-BRCA. (Nge-BRCA, amadoda angaguqukiyo angenakukwazi ukuvelisa umdlavuza weprotate kodwa unokuhlakulela umhlaza womhlaza wesifo seprotate. Ukuguqulwa kwe-BRCA ngama-50 ekhulwini).
- Ixesha lexesha leentsuku zokuhlalutya kunye nembali yentsapho ye-melanoma.
Ukujamelana Neemvakalelo
Ukuba uye wafunda ukuba uyilungelelaniso, mhlawumbi uvakalelwa kukuba uxhalabile kwaye udidekile. Ukuxhalabisa ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kunye nokukhungatheka ngenxa yokuba izikhokelo, ukuba zikhona, zicaca.
Ngelo xesha, unakho okanye ungaziva uvelwano olufanelwe. Iingxelo ezikhankanywe ngasentla, "ubuncinane awunayo umdlavuza," ithetha kakhulu. Into esiyifumene nabasindilekileyo ngumhlaza kukuba ukuvakalelwa kweemvakalelo ezifanayo zifana nokuba umntu ufumaniswe ukuba unomdlavuza ophilileyo, okanye ufumene ukuba unomdlavuza ophezulu okanye ophelileyo.
Ukuba uxelelwe ukuba uyilungelelanisa, kwaye uyadinga uhlobo lwenkxaso onokuyifumana xa unomhlaza, mhlawumbi ngaphezulu. Ukufumana ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo, nangona kunzima, ngamanye amaxesha kulula ukuhlangabezana nokungaziwa.
Ukufumana inkxaso
Ukufumana inkxaso kunyanzelekile ukuba uyilungelelaniso. Siva ezininzi malunga nenkxaso ebalulekileyo kulabo baye bafumanisa ukuba banomdlavuza. Inkxaso iye yadibaniswa nokusinda kwizifundo ezimbalwa! Abo babandakanyekayo kumaqela okuxhasa umdlavuza bahlala bethetha indlela ezi zinto ezingabalulekanga ngayo nokuba ngaba baneentsapho kunye nabahlobo. Kuqinisekisa ukuthetha nomntu othi "uyifumana" kwaye uyayiqonda ngokwenene oko uhambayo.
Kwakunjalo nababasindisayo, abanokuziva behlukaniswe kubo bobabini abangenayo imimiselo kunye nalabo abanomdlavuza. Imibutho efana ne-FORCE (Ukujongana Nengozi Yethu Ye-Cancer Empowered) ilapha. Amaqela e-Facebook aphuma, kwaye kukho abantu abakhuthele kwezinye iipolatifti zentlalo. Ukuba unqwenela ukubheka kumajelo asekuhlaleni ukuze uxhaswe, i-hashtag yi-#previvor.
Iingcebiso
Iingcebiso ezimbalwa zabaphambili zilungelelaniswa, nangona wonke umntu uhlukile.
- Funda malunga nobunzima bakho. Le yimeko enye apho ulwazi lunamandla ngokwenene.
- Yamkela ukuba akusiyo yonke into eqondayo ukwesaba nokungaqinisekiyo okuhamba kunye nobunzima bomhlaza.
- Fumana ugqirha (o) oqonda imfuza yesifo somhlaza kwaye unomdla kunye namava ekunciphiseni umngcipheko nokufumanisa kwangaphambili.
- Yiba nommeli phakathi kwentsapho yakho kunye nabahlobo abanokumelana nawe xa ugxekwa nayiphi na indlela oyithathayo.
- Zenza iindlela zokuhambisa iingxoxo apho abantu bakuxelela khona okumele ukwenze. Ukuba uthetha ngokuvulekileyo malunga nokuba yi-prevolution ungaba nezihlobo ezinentsingiselo ezilungileyo zincoma yonke into ekudleni kwesojoloti kuphela kwinqanaba lwakutshanje elifumaneka kwi-Amazon. Gcinani nikhumbule ukuba abantu baninzi banamacebiso amaninzi kunye neengcamango malunga nendlela yokulawula umhlaza okanye ukulungelelanisa, kuphela ukuguqula iingqondo zabo xa zifunyanwe.
- Fumana inkxaso.
ILizwi
Ukuba ufundile ukuba unomdla wesifo somhlaza, unokuziva uxhalabile. Kuphela nje kwiminyaka yamuva nje ukuba siye savavanywa ukuhlolwa kwemfuyo okanye saziwa nakwezinye iziganeko. Oku kunokukushiya ukhathazekile.
Ukufunda ngokubanzi njengoko unakho malunga nokuzibeka kwakho kunye nokubeka ingozi kumbono kunceda kakhulu. Ukufumana abaqeqeshi bezempilo abanomdla kwaye banenjongo yokukunceda kufuneka, kodwa ukufumana inkxaso yabanye ngokufana nokuxhatshazwa kwinto engabalulekanga.
> Imithombo:
> Gietel-Habets, J., de Die-Smulders, C., Tjan-Heiginen, V. et al. Ulwazi lwaBalingcali, Isimo sengqondo kunye nokuBhekiswa koBume bokuThengiswa kweGenestic Genetic Diagnosis kwi-Breeditary Breast kunye ne-Ovarian Cancer. Ukuzalisa i-Biomedicine Online . 2018. 36 (2): 137-144.
> Leonarczyk, T., no B. Mawn. Ukuphathwa kweengozi yeCancer Ukuthatha isinqumo se-BRCA + Abasetyhini. IWest Journal yoPhando loLondolozo . 2015. 37 (1): 66-84.
> Robson, M., Bradbury, A., Arun, B. et al. Umbutho waseMelika weNkcazo yokuThuthukiswa kweNkcazo yoMgaqo-nkqubo weCliniki ye-Clinic: I-Genetic and Genomic Testing for Cancer Susceptibility. Umbhalo we-Clinical Oncology . 33 (31): 3660-3667.