Ukuthelekiswa kweentlobo zeMastectomy Surgery

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Yintoni i-Mastectomy? Ugqirha uchazwa

I-mastectomy yindlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwebele.

Uninzi lweemastectomi zenziwa kubasetyhini njengonyango lomhlaza webele , nangona amadoda angakhula umdlavuza webele kwaye afune inkqubo, nayo. Kwezinye iimeko, i- lumpectomy ingaba yinye inketho yokunyangwa kwezi gulane. Abo banomdlavuza obanzi oluninzi kunokuba badinga i- mastectomy ephakathi kwamanye amazwe , oku kususwa kwezinye okanye zonke izicubu ezibini.

Amanye amadoda anesimo esibizwa ngokuba yi- gynecomastia , apho iisifuba zesifuba zithe gqwa kakhulu, zikhethe i-mastectomy yeenjongo zokuzilungisa.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemastectomi. Isigqibo soluphi uhlobo lwe-mastectomy esifanele lwenziwa kufuneka lenziwe ngoncedo logqirha owenza i-mastectomy, i-oncologist kunye nodokotela ogqirha weplastiki okwenza uphinde wakhiwe. Amanye amashishini angeke akwazi ukucatshangelwa, kuxhomekeke kwindawo kwaye ubunzima bomhlaza. Iimfuno zomzwelo zesigulane kufuneka zilinganiswe.

Isigqibo sokubuyiselwa kwesisu kufuneka senziwe phambi kokuba utyando lwe-mastectomy lwenziwe. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kunokukwazi ukwenza ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-mastectomy okanye emva komhla.

Utyando lwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele kwaye luhlala ixesha eli-2 ukuya kwiiyure ezintathu, nangona kungathatha ixesha elide ukuba inkqubo yokususa i- lymph nodes isicwangciso okanye utyando olwenziwa ngokukhawuleza lwenziwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlaselwa kwe-mastectomy.

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I-Mastectomy elula (i-Total Mastectomy)

I-mastectomy elula, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-mastectomy epheleleyo, yinkqubo esusa zonke izicubu zesifuba sebele. Ifomu eqhelekileyo yokuhlinzwa, ebizwa ngokuba yi-mastectomy yendabuko yonke, iquka ukususwa kwe-asola kunye nengono. Nangona kunjalo, utyando luyakwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-skin kunye ne-ingono ubuchule bokubamba. Kwakhona kushiya imisipha phantsi kwesifuba ishiyekile.

Inqubo yenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-elliptical 6 kuya kwi-intshi eziyi-8 ubude obuqala ngaphakathi kwebele, kufuphi nebhoba, kwaye landa phezulu nangaphandle kwi-armpit. Isibhengezo sinokuguqulwa ukuze sisuse izicubu ezibomvu kwiinkqubo zangaphambilini, ezinokuphucula isiphumo sokuzilungisa xa kulungiswa kwakhona ukulungiswa.

Emva kokuba isisu sisisuswe, isicatshulwa sivaliwe kunye ne- sutures engenakunyusa, into eyenziwa ngumzimba ngokukhawuleza emva kwexesha, okanye i-staples zisuswe ngexesha lokutyelela iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-14 emva kokuhlinzwa. Kukho kwakhona ukukhutshwa, isistim esinceda ukususa umthamo ogqithiseleyo emzimbeni ukukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala, endaweni. I-drain iya kuba phantsi kwebhanki ukukhusela indawo yokucoca kunye nokufakwa kwe-drain. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukucinywa kuya kususwa ngexesha lokutyelela iofisi emva kokukhutshwa esibhedlele.

Xa lolu hlobo lwe-mastectomy ludibene nenkqubo eyongezelelweyo ukususa i- lymph nodes phantsi kweengalo ebizwa ngokuba yi -mastectomy eguquguqukayo . Kwakhona, inokubambisana kunye nenkqubo yokuvuselelwa kwebele.

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I-Modified Radical Mastectomy

I-mastectomy eguqulwayo eguquguqukileyo yindlela yohlobo lwe-mastectomy oludibanisa ukususwa kwazo zonke izicubu zesifuba esususelwe kwibele echaphazelekayo kunye nokususwa kwe-lymph node ukusuka kumgca kwicala elichaphazelekayo lomzimba. Oku kutyunjwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukususwa kwembini kunye ne-areola, kodwa utyando lunokusetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-skin kunye ne-ingono yokukhonga.

Njenga-mastectomy elula, inqubo yenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-elliptical 6 kuya kwe-8 intshi ubude obuqala ngaphakathi kwebele, kufuphi nebhoba, kwaye landa phezulu nangaphandle kwi-armpit. Isibhengezo sinokuguqulwa ukuze sisuse izicubu ezibomvu kwiinkqubo zangaphambilini, ezinokuphucula isiphumo sokuzilungisa xa kulungiswa kwakhona ukulungiswa.

Emva kokuba isisu sebele sisuswe, isicatshulwa sivaliwe kunye ne-sutures okanye i-staples ezithintekayo xa zisetyenziselwa i-ofisi ukutyelela iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-14 emva kokuhlinzwa. Kukho nokuba kubekho imvula kwindawo yokunciphisa inani lokuvuvukala kwindawo. Ezi zikhuni zihlanganiswe ngamabhanki ukukhusela indawo yokuchonga kunye nokufakwa kwendawo. Imifudlana isuswe emva kokukhutshwa esibhedlele ngudokotela ogqirha ngexesha lokuhambela i-ofisi rhoqo emva kokuhlinzwa.

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I-Radical Mastectomy (i-Halsted Mastectomy)

I-mastectomy enkulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Halsted mastectomy, ayiyona inkqubo eyenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngoxa lo msebenzi wawunomgangatho wokunyamekela kwithuba elidlulileyo, ngoku kuqhutyelwa kuphela kwizigulane eziye zaqhubela phambili umdlavuza webele oye wangena eludongeni lwe-muscle phantsi kweethambo zesifuba.

Njengezinye iintlobo ze-mastectomy, i-mastectomy enkulu isusa zonke iisifuba zesifuba sebele. Iyakususa zonke i- lymph nodes phantsi kweengalo kwicala elichaphazelekayo kunye ne-muscle elele phantsi kwebele. Kuphela ulusu olufunekayo ukuvala isicatshulwa lusekho endaweni.

Le nkqubo ayicingi ukuba iyimfuneko kwizigulane ezingenangena umhlaza kumhlaza.

Olu hlobo lonyango lubhekwa njengeyona ndlela iguqulwa ngayo inkqubo ye-mastectomy, ishiya iincinci ezincinci ngaphandle kwesikhumba ngaphezu kwamathambo ombhobho. Inqanaba ishiywe emva kokuba utyando luyi-intshi ezingama-6 ukuya kwi-8 ubude, kunye nekhumba elaneleyo elishiye ukuvala isicatshulwa nge-sutures okanye kwi-staples.

Udokotela ogqirha unokufaka iimfudu kwiindawo zokuhlinzwa apho, njengakwezinye iinkqubo, ziya kugqitywa ukukhuselwa kwaye kamva zisuswe nguvulindlela ngexesha lokutyelela i-ofisi rhoqo.

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Iingcingo ze-Nipple kunye ne-Skin-Distaring Mastectomy Techniques

Amagqabi kunye ne-skin sparing techniques angasetyenziselwa kunye nokugqithwa kwe-mastectomy ezininzi ukugcina ulusu oluninzi kunokuba lwenziwa kwimastectomy yendabuko. Isikhokelo esiqhelekileyo sokugcina ingxowa, isola, kunye nolusu olongezelelweyo yilo: Ummandla womhlaza kufuneka ube ubuncinci beesentimitha ezimbini kude nezicubu eziza kugcinwa. Ngako oko, isigulane esinomdlavuza ochaphazela isikhumba okanye ingono akuyi kuba ngumviwa wokuba ezo zicubu zigcinwe emva kokuhlinzwa.

Ukukhusela i-Skin Mastectomy

Le nqubo igcina isikhumba sebele, kodwa asiyiyo ingono kunye ne-areola, esuswa. Iisifuba zesifuba sisuswa kuloo ndawo. Kubafazi abaphethe amabele amancinci, unokwenziwa olongezelelweyo kunokukwenziwa ukuvumela ukuba izicubu zebele zisuswe, kodwa uninzi lwesikhumba lishiywa emva kokuhlinzwa.

Ingxube yokuLawula iMastectomy

Isisombululo sokususa iisifuba zesifuba senziwe malunga ne-areola, ngaloo ndlela igcina iimbumba kunye ne-areola. Le nkqubo, njengenkqubo yokukhupha isikhumba, inokubangela ukukhutshwa okukhulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko kwinkqubo yendabuko, ingakumbi ukuba isifuba sikhulu ngobukhulu.

I-Total-Sparing Mastectomy

Le nkqubo, eyaziwa njenge-mastectomy engaphantsi, ayigcini nje kuphela igcina isikhumba sebele kodwa ingono kunye ne-areola, nayo. Isisombululo sokususa iisifuba zesifuba sinokufakwa kwindawo ephantsi kwesifuba apho kungabonwa khona ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphiliswa, okanye ukukhankanywa kungenziwa malunga ne-areola.

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Emva kokuhlinzwa kweMastectomy

Ukubuyiselwa kwindlela yokuhlinzwa mastectomy kuqala kwi-PACU, okanye ukuthumela iyunithi yokunakekelwa kwe-anesthhesia, apho isigulane sibhekwa khona ngelixa izidakamizwa ze- anesthesia zithinteka. Emva koko, isigulane sithatyathwa esibhedlele esibhedlele apho singabonwa khona naziphi na iingxaki ezingama-34 ukuya kuma-48 iiyure emva kokuhlinzwa.

Ngexesha lokubuyiselwa, iintsuku zokuqala ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ziya kuba zibuhlungu kakhulu, kunye nentlungu iyancipha enye intsuku emva koko. Kukulungele ukuphepha naluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi oluquka ukunyakaza, njengokusebenza, ngexesha lokubuyisela. Ukukhupha kudimazekile ngeli xesha, njengoko kuphakamisa iingalo ezingaphezulu kwentloko, engayifaka ingxaki kwi-incision kwaye ibangele intlungu.

Ukudandatheka emva kokuxilongwa komhlaza wesisu, okanye ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, yingxaki kwizigulane ezininzi. Ukudandatheka kungenza kube nzima isigulane ukufumana ukuhlinzwa okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisinqumo esifanelekileyo. Iyakwazi ukuphakamisa ukukhathala kwezigulane eziva emva kokuhlinzwa kunye ne-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation. Kulula ukudibanisa iimpawu zokubuyiswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwindlela yokuhlinzwa, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba uqhelane neempawu zokudandatheka .

Ngokomzimba, isigulane esingenazo iingxaki zokuphefumula kufuneka sikwazi ukubuyela kwimisebenzi enamandla kwisithuba se-6 ukuya kwiiveki eziyi-8, ukuba unyango olongezelelweyo alubanga ukhathala kakhulu. Ukubuyela kumntu wesini emva kokuba u-mastectomy kufuneka kwakhona kwenzeke ngelo xesha ukuba ufuna.

Izigulane ezikhethiweyo ukuba zingabi nokwakhiwa kwakhona zingadinga i-prosthetics ezenza ukulinganisela phakathi kwesifuba sendalo kunye nesifuba esisuswe. Kukho ezininzi iimveliso ze-mastectomy ezikhoyo, ngokukodwa kwi-intanethi, kuquka iibras, iifom zebele, kunye ne-swimsuits.

Ukongeza kwindlela yokuhlinzwa, ezininzi izigulane zinonyango lwe-radiation, i-chemotherapy okanye ukudibana kokubili. Isigqibo sisekelwe kwinqanaba lomhlaza, umnqweno wesigulane kunye nembono ye-oncologist.

> Imithombo:

> I-Cancer yaBestile kuMadoda. American Cancer Society

> Ukwelashwa kweNtsholongwane kaBester By Stage. American Cancer Society

> Ukubuyiswa kwesisu. Foundation yaseSusan G. Komen

> Ukuxinezeleka kunye nokuxhalabisa kwabasetyhini abanomdlavuza webele waseBrazil. Burgess, uCornelius, et al, iBritish Medical Journal. 2005.

> Izimpawu kunye nezibonakaliso zokudandatheka. AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo.

> Ukunyanga kwamayeza kunye nawe. AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo