Le ngxaki Eyinqabileyo iphazamisa okwesikhashana iMemori
I-amnesia yehlabathi eliqhelekileyo (TGA) yintsholongwane engaqondakaliyo ebangela ukungakwazi ukuyenza imemori emitsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kubantu abantu abaneminyaka eliphakathi okanye abadala. Ingxaki ayifumaneki, ingaba malunga nama-23,5 ukuya kuma-32 ngabantu abayi-100,000 ngonyaka abo bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.
Abantu abaneTGA baphinda baphinda babuye umbuzo ofanayo, njengoko bengasikhumbuli ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa ngexesha.
Ingxaki ihlala ivela kwiyure enye ukuya kwiiyure ezili-10. Ukongezelela kokungakwazi ukwenza imemori emitsha (i-anterograde amnesia ), kukho ixesha elide lokuphindaphinda i-amnesia, elithetha ukungakwazi ukukhumbula izinto ezenzeke ngaphambili, ukufikelela ngasemva naphi na kwiiyure ukuya kwizinto ezinqabileyo, iminyaka.
Abantu abane-TGA basakwazi ukuchaza ukuba ngubani kwaye bakhumbula indlela yokwenza imisebenzi enzima njengokuqhuba okanye ukupheka. Nangona i-amnesia yinto evelele kakhulu, ezinye izigulane zikhalaza ngeentloko, isisulu, isisu okanye ezinye iimpawu ngexesha lesiganeko se-TGA.
Ngamanye amaxesha i-amnesia yamazwe ngamaxesha ambalwa angabangela iziganeko zengqondo. Ukutshintsha kweposi, ukuphakama okuphakamileyo, ukuzivocavoca ngamandla okanye ukubethelela kunganciphisa isiqhelo.
Ngexa i-TGA iphinda iphinda iphinda iphindwe malunga neepesenti ezili-15 zexesha kwaye ingabonakali ingxaki enkulu, imemori efana nayo ingakhokelela ekugqibeleni okanye ngokubetha , okwenza kubalulekile ukuba ihlolwe ngokukhawuleza.
Isizathu seTGA
Isizathu se-TGA asikaziwa, kodwa iimpawu zibonisa ukungasebenzi kwi-lobe yexesha elide, indawo yengqondo equlethe i-hippocampus kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kweememori ezintsha. Ezinye izifundo zibonise izilonda kule ndawo kulabo bahluphekayo kwi-TGA, kodwa ezi zilonda zibonakala zingathi zifana nezo ziqhelekileyo zihambelana nokubetha, njengoko zihlala zinyamalalala.
Iingcamango ziquka ukutshintsha kwexesha elide ekuphumeni kwegazi kule mimandla, okanye mhlawumbi iimeko eziguquguqukayo ezibandakanya utshintsho olutshanje kumsebenzi wombane. Kungenzeka ukuba i-syndrome iphumela kwizizathu ezingaphezulu kweyodwa.
Nangona ukuhla kwexesha elifutshane kwi-flow flow (ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okanye i-"TIA") kwi-hippocampus inokulinganisa i-TGA, i-TGA idla ngokuhlala ixesha elide kunokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic ehamba phambili. Akukho buhlobo obucacileyo phakathi kweengxaki zobungozi kunye ne-TGA.
Ezinye iingcaphephe zibonisa ukuba i- migraine idibene ne-TGA. Nangona iyaziwayo ngokubangela ukuphathwa kwintsholongwane, iziganeko ze-migraine zinokubangela ubuninzi beentlobo ezingapheliyo zeengxaki zegazi ngenxa yomsindo ogqithisileyo wombane ngaphantsi kwengqondo. I-Migraine inokubangela ukuba utshintsho lwe-MRI lubonwe kwiimeko ze-TGA, kwaye i-time-course yokuhlaselwa kwe-migraine kunye ne-TGA ifana. Nakuba kunjalo, i-Migraines ifuthe abantu abaneminyaka emininzi, ngokukodwa abaselula, kanti i-TGA impembelelo phakathi phakathi kwabantu abadala.
Ekuqaleni, abanye oogqirha bacinga ukuba i-TGA ingaba yintlupheko yengqondo engenakho ingxaki ephilileyo yengqondo, kodwa ukungabikho kwamanye iimpawu zengqondo kwizigulane kunye neentetho ezifanayo kubantu abaninzi abahlukeneyo kwenza ukuba oku kwenzeke.
Ulawulo lweTGA
I-TGA ngokwayo ayifuni unyango, njengoko isiqhelo siza kudlulela kwiiyure eziyi-24.
Akuqhelekanga ukulalisela umntu kwi-TGA, nangona kunjalo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ingxaki enkulu ingabangela iimpawu. Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa kungekho nonyango oluthile, izigulane kufuneka zithole i-thiamine ukuba zingabandakanyi i-Wernicke's encephalopathy, uhlobo lokulahleka kweememori ngenxa yamanqanaba aneleyo we-vitamin thiamine.
Ukuxilongwa ngokungafaniyo kubandakanya ukukhwabanisa okuvela kwi-losi yesikhokelo sexesha. Ngenxa yoko, ukufumana i- electroencephalogram (i-EEG) yinto efanelekileyo, nangona i-EEG eqhelekileyo ingabandakanyi ithuba lokubamba ukuchukumisa into ejulile ukuba ifunyenwe yi-electrodes ye-scalp.
Ukuba kukho inkxalabo ephezulu yokubamba, i-EEG ende iyakucetyiswa, mhlawumbi enye ithatha ixesha lokulala.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic ephakathi kwexesha okanye ukubetha kungakhange kuxelise i-TGA, nangona oku kungavamile ngaphandle kweminye impawu ezinobuthathaka okanye ubunzima. I-MRI ingasetyenziselwa ukuba ingabandakanyi oku, mhlawumbi ukuba umntu unemingcipheko enobungozi besifo sikashukela , i- cholesterol ephezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ukutshaya.
I-amnesia yengqondo yindlela yokuguqulwa kwengxaki, oko kuthetha ukuba isikhalazo sengqondo sibonisa ukuba sisweleke ngokwenyama. Ngokungafani ne-TGA, izigulane ezine-psychological amnesia zilibala igama labo okanye ezinye iincwadana zeenkcukacha zobuntu. Ezinye izinto ezinzulu okumele ziqwalaselwe kunye ne-TGA ziquka ishukela segazi eliphantsi , ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ukurhoxiswa, i- encephalitis , okanye i- delirium , nangona ezi ziko zihlala zikhona ngokudideka okungaphantsi kunokuba kulahlekelwe imemori.
Prognosis
Abantu abane-TGA ababonakali bengozini yokwanda kwesifo okanye isifo esiyingozi. Ezinye izifundo zicebise ukuba ukulahleka kweememori okungabonakaliyo kungase kuphele emva kwesiganeko, nangona abanye bengayifumananga nolu hlobo.
Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukukhathazeka malunga nokuhlelwa kweempawu. Ukuphindaphinda okunjalo akuqhelekanga, kodwa akunakwenzeka, kwaye kufuneka kuqhutywe phambili ukuvavanya kwezinye iingcaciso.
Imithombo:
Borroni B, uAgasti C, uBrambilla C, et al. Ngaba i-amnesia yehlabathi eliphelayo ingozi yengozi ye-amnestic impairment? J Neurol 2004; 251: 1125.
U-Enzinger C, uThimary F, uKapeller P, et al. I-amnesia yehlabathi elifutshane elifutshane: izilonda zengqondo ezahlukanayo kunye nezifo ze-cerebrovascular. Stroke 2008; 39: 2219.
UKoski KJ, uMarttila RJ. I-amnesia yehlabathi lonke eliqhelekileyo: iziganeko kwidolophana. I-Acta Neurol Scand 1990; 81: 358.
ULauria G, iNtlanga M, uFassetta G, et al. Ingozi ye-amnesia yehlabathi elide kwiphondo laseBelluno, e-Italy: ngo-1985 ukuya ku-1995. Iziphumo zesifundo esisekelwe kuluntu. I-Acta Neurol Scand 1997; 95: 303.
ULee HY, Kim JH, Weon YC, et al. Ukucinga ngokulinganisa ukuxilwa kwamanani kwi-amnesia yexesha elifutshane iveza i-CA1 kwingingqi ye-hippocampus. Neuroradiology 2007; 49: 481.
Melo TP, uFerro JM, uFerro H. I-amnesia yehlabathi jikelele. Uhlolo lokulawulwa kwecala. UBongo 1992; 115 Pt 1: 261.
UMiller JW, uPeterersen RC, uMeter EJ, et al. I-amnesia yehlabathi elifutshane eliqhelekileyo: iimpawu zekliniki kunye nokuxela. Neurology 1987; 37: 733.
Schmidtke K, Ehmsen L. Ixesha elifutshane le-amnesia jikelele kunye ne-migraine. Uhlolo lokulawulwa kwecala. Eur Neurol 1998; 40: 9.