Oogqirha abaninzi baya kuncoma rhoqo ukuba abantwana bahlolisise ukutyhefuza kwiinyanga ezili-6, kuxhomekeke kwindlela enokubakhokelela ngayo umntwana ekhaya okanye kwindawo yokunakekela abantwana.
Kubantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala, uvavanyo luhlala lwenziwe kuphela ukuba kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba baye bahlaselwa kwizinga eliphezulu lokukhokela. Kule meko, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ngoluhlu lwemibuzo malunga nokusingqongileyo, yenza uvavanyo lomzimba, kwaye usebenze uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba aphezulu aphezulu emzimbeni.
I-Self-Checks kunye noVavanyo lweNdlu
Ukhokelo lobunobumba lufunyenwe ngokubanzi usebenzisa uvavanyo lwebhabyti olusemthethweni kwisimo seklinikhi, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi ongayenza ekhaya ukuba ukhangele ukuba ngaba ilungu lentsapho lisesengozini.
Inkokeli iphantse kuyo yonke indawo kwimeko yethu, kwaye iziphumo zayo eziphezulu zifumaneka kwizinto ezinjengepeyinti endala, i-solder, i-petroli, umhlaba kunye namanzi angcolileyo, kunye nezinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-candy, i-turf, i-jewelry kunye namanye amayeza .
Umthombo oyingozi kakhulu wokukhokela abantwana, ngokukodwa, ipayipi ekhokelayo, eyayisetyenziswa rhoqo emakhaya ngaphambi kwee-1970. I-Arhente yoKhuselo lokusiNgqongileyo kunye namaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuKhusela bobabini banika isikhokelo malunga nendlela yokuphepha iimithombo eziqhelekileyo zokukhokela.
Ukongezelela ukususa okanye ukukhusela imithombo yokukhokela ekhaya okanye emsebenzini, kubalulekile ukubukela iimpawu zetyhefu ekhokelayo kwaye uqaphele ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba uyazibona-ngokukodwa ukuguquka kokuziphatha njengokwenzakala, ukunyanzeliswa, okanye ukungabikho kokugxila, njengoko kunye nokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa kwabantwana abancinci.
Ukuhlola
Akukho manqanaba okhokelayo afunyenwe ukuba akhuselekile kwiintsana, kwaye kunye nemali encinci idibaniswe nemiba yokuziphatha kunye nehla e-IQ.
Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwabahlengikazi luya kukhangela rhoqo abantwana abancinci kunye neentsana ukuze bafumane ukukhokelwa njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa kwazo ngokubanzi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kubandakanya i-questionnaire ebuza malunga neemeko ezinobungozi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokuhlala kwindlu yomntwana okanye indawo yokunakekelwa kwamasango, ingaba badla izinto ezingenanto zokutya okanye utywala, okanye ukuba umzali okanye umnxibelelwano osondeleyo ubonakala rhoqo ngenxa yomsebenzi okanye izinto zokuzilibazisa.
Ukuba impendulo inguwe ewe okanye awuqinisekanga naluphi na le mibuzo, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukujonga amanqanaba egazi aphezulu.
Ngelixa uphando lubonisa ukuba le mibuzo ayikho enkulu ekuboneni abantwana abanamazinga aphezulu aphezulu, banokukunceda oogqirha nabazali ukuba bafumane apho abantwana abane-diagnostic lead lead poisoning bavelele kwisinyithi esinzima ukukhusela ukunxibelelana nayo kwixesha elizayo. Abafazi abakhulelweyo nabancelisayo baninzi babuzwa imibuzo efana nayo.
Kwiinkalo ezininzi, isebe lempilo lendawo liza kuba neengcebiso ezithile malunga nokuba ngubani omele ahlolwe i-lead kwaye xa esekelwe kwimimandla kunye nemingcipheko yengingqi ekuphakanyeni kwamanqanaba aphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunjalo, kucetyiswa ukuba bonke abantwana bavavanywe ngamanqanaba aphakamileyo aphakamileyo ngama-1 okanye a-2 ubudala, kunye nabantwana abasengozini enkulu yokukhokela isicatshulwa-njengabo bafika eUnited States bevela kwelinye ilizwe okanye iintsana ezizalwe ngamama Amanqanaba ekhokela igazi-ahlolwe kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
Uvavanyo lweMzimba
Ukuba kukho nasiphi na isizathu sokurhoxisa utyhefu, ugqirha wakho uya kuthanda ukuqhuba uvavanyo lomzimba ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwegazi ukwenzela ukuba ukhangele iimpawu kunye neempawu zetyhefu.
Oku kubalulekile kuba njengokuba inkokheli ikwakhiwa emzimbeni, igcinwa emathanjeni.
Kuphela egazini kwithuba elincinane emva kokungcola, okuthetha ukuba umntu odibene naye okhokelayo kwixesha elide unokuba nezinga eliphezulu lokukhokela emzimbeni wabo nangona ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubuyela ngokuqhelekileyo. Uvavanyo lomzimba luyakwazi ukubamba iimpawu zokuvavanywa kwilebhu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba amaninzi amatyala eetyhefu angabonakali naliphi na impawu, ukuhlolwa komzimba kungenako okwaneleyo ukuyijonga. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusekho isisombululo esiyintloko kunye nesisiseko esisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ukukhokelela kwesoxhefu.
Iilebhu
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuvavanya utyhefu oluphambili luvavanyo lwegazi, olubizwa ngokuba yi-BLL (i-blood lead level). Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeemvavanyo zegazi ezingabonisa ukuba umntu unesilinganiselo esiphakamileyo segazi: uvavanyo lweminwe oluphambili kunye nokudweba kwegazi.
I-Capillary Blood Sample
Le ndlela yokuvavanya isebenzisa kuphela umunwe wokuthatha isampula encinci yegazi, okwenza kube lula kwaye kulula ukuvavanya amanqanaba aphezulu aphezulu. Noko ke, ukuphazamiseka kukuba iisampuli zingangcoliswa ngumoya ukusuka kwimimandla kunye neziphumo zokuvavanya kwe-skew ukwenzela ukuba zibukeke njengamazinga okhokelo ziphezulu kunokuba zikhona.
Unokunciphisa umngcipheko wokungcola ngokuthatha amanyathelo alumkileyo, njengokuhlamba izandla kunye nezinye izicwangciso, kodwa isiphumo esiphezulu siphumo siya kusadingeka siqinisekiswe nge-blood pressure test test level. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, le ndlela ayisoloko ikhuthazwa, nangona ikulungele.
Uvavanyo lweNqanaba loNkokeli lweGesi
Igazi elisuka kwimvini yinkqubo yokuhlola kunye novavanyo lokuxilonga ngokuphakanyiswa kwamanqanaba aphakamileyo aphezulu, kodwa kufuna ukuba i-phlebotomist eqeqeshiwe ithathe kwaye isetyenziswe isampuli ukuphepha ukungcola kunye nokukhokela kwimeko. Le ndlela ngokuqhelekileyo i-test ekhethiweyo ukujonga amanqanaba aphakamileyo aphezulu ngenxa yokuba ithemba ngakumbi kunokuba uvavanyo lweminwe lube luncedo.
Ukuba umntu unomgangatho ophezulu wegazi we-5 μg / dL (iikrogramgram ezinhlanu nge-deciliter), zithathwa njengenqanaba eliphezulu eliphezulu legazi. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, oogqirha baya kuthi baqinisekise umphumo ngokuvavanywa kweyesibini ukusuka kwangoko ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3, kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zokuqala.
Ukuba uvavanyo luya kubuya ngamanqanaba aphakamileyo, ugqirha uya kuxela kwisebe lempilo lendawo kwaye ahambe ngamanyathelo alandelayo kunye nentsapho malunga noko bangakwenza ukuze banciphise amanqanaba egazi kwaye bayeke ukutyhila ukukhokela. Kwiimeko zamanqanaba aphakamileyo aphezulu (45 μg / dL okanye ngaphezulu), unyango oluphambili lungadingeka, ngakumbi kwiintsana.
X-ray
Kwiimeko apho abantwana baneempawu zokukhokela isicatshulwa, amanqanaba aphakamileyo egazi, kunye / okanye imbali ye-pica-oko kukuthi, ukutya izinto ezingenanto zokutya okanye ukupenda iipoti-kucetyiswa ukuba i-X-ray ithathwe kwisisu khangela izinto zangaphandle. Ukuba izitshixo eziqinileyo zibonakala kwi-X-ray ukubonisa ukuba umntwana uye wafaka izinto ezikhokelayo, oogqirha baya kusebenzisa inkqubo yokunquma ukucoca, okanye "ukukhupha," amathumbu, ukususa imithombo enokubakhokelela ekukhuseleni okanye ekuyekeni ukuba zixhaswe ngumzimba.
> Imithombo:
> Ikomidi elicebisayo kwi-Childhood Lead Lead Poisoning Prevention. I-low level level exposure ihlukumeza abantwana: Uhlaziyo olutsha olutsha lokukhusela . 2012.
> I-Arhente yeSifo soTyhefu kunye neRejista yeReal. Inkohlakalo yobunzima: Uvavanyo lwezonyango-uphando lwezonyango kunye nokucinga.
> I-American Academy yePediatrics. Ukuthintela abantwana kubangela ukutyhefuza. 2016.