Akukho Uphulo-mthetho luyingozi, Kodwa Ziziphi iingozi?
Ukuqonda iingozi zoPhando
Ukuba uceba ukwenza utyando lwakho lufanele ube yiphumo lokugqibela - uza kuziva njani emva kokuba utyando lwakho lugqityiwe? Ukulungiselela utyando lwakho, oku kuthetha ukuqonda ingozi ojongene nayo kunye nendlela yokunciphisa loo mngcipheko, yinto ephambili ekuphumeni okukhulu kunye nesiphumo sokugqibela.
Inqanaba lakho lomngcipheko liyingqayizivele njengeminwe yakho yeminwe.
Udokotela wakho onguvulindlela unokukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nomgangatho wakho mngcipheko, emva kokuqwalasela imibuzo efana nale:
- Ngaba ungumviwa ogqityileyo ogqityiweyo okanye umgqatswa ophantsi komngcipheko?
- Ngaba ubomi bakho buya kuphuculiswa yinkqubo okanye ngaba ingozi ingaphezu kwembuyekezo?
- Ngaba kukho iindlela ezintle zokuhlinzwa?
- Ngaba umzimba wakho unokunyamezela i-anesthesia?
- Ngaba ingozi yokuhlinzwa ingaphezu kwembuyekezo?
- Ngaba usemngciphekweni wokuba umqhubi wexesha elide?
- Ingaba intliziyo yakho nemiphunga zomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuhlinzwa?
Akukho uphando olungenakubeka ingozi, kodwa ukuqonda iingxaki ezinokuthi kunokukunceda wena kunye nodokotela wakho ogqirha wenze isigqibo esiphezulu.
Thetha noDokotela wakho ogqirha
Ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho ugqirha uya kudibana nawe kwaye uchaze ingozi yokuhlinzwa kwakho. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "imvume enolwazi" kwaye kuyimfuneko, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ukunceda ekucwangciseni.
Ingxoxo malunga nomngcipheko ngamnye oza kuhlangabezana nayo kufuneka uqhube kakuhle phambi komhla wokuhlinzwa.
Enye yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa umngcipheko kukuba ukhethe ugqirha owenza inqubo rhoqo kwisiko esaziwayo kunye noogqirha kunye nokuhlinzwa. Kufuneka ulungele ukubuza imibuzo ngexesha lokutyelela iofisi phambi kokuhlinzwa.
Izingozi eziPhezulu eziPhezulu:
Iingxaki ze-Anesthesia ngexesha loPilisi
Uninzi lweengxaki ezivela ngexesha lotyando ziyiphumo lotyando, kungekhona ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo.
Ngelixa lingaqhelekanga, kukho iingxaki ezinzulu ezinokuthi zenzeke ukuba isigulane siphendule kwiidakamizwa ze- anesthesia .
Uninzi lweengxaki ezinxulumene ne-aneshesia zihambelana nenkqubo yokungena , okanye ukufaka ithubhu yokuphefumula. Ukuphefumula , okanye ukutya okuphefumlayo okanye ukuphefumula kwimiphunga, kunokuba yingxaki, ngexesha lotyando. Ezinye izigulane nazo zifumana ukunyuka kwentliziyo okanye ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi ngeli xesha.
Ingxaki yokuqwashisa i-anesthesia iye yaxutyushwa kakhulu kwiimidiya, kodwa ukuvuka ngexesha lotyando okanye ukuphaphaka kulo lonke uphando, kuyinto engavumelekanga xa i-anesthesia inikezwa ngumntu onesi - anesthesiologist okanye umhlengikazi obhalisiweyo obhalisiweyo (i-CRNA) .
I-Malignant hyperthermia , impendulo kwi-anesthesia ebangela ukuba ubushushu begulana bukhule ngokukhawuleza, bubungozi bokuphila. Isigulane esinesifo esiyingozi kwixesha elidlulileyo sinomngcipheko omkhulu kwaye kufuneka sixoxe ngolu hlobo kunye nomhlinzeki wabo wokuhlinza nomhlinzeki we-anesthesia.
Iingxaki zokuhlamba ngexesha loPhengululo
Ukuphuma kwegazi kulindeleke ngexesha lotyando, kodwa ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphandle kwesixa esivamile kungenza ukuxilongwa kuyimfuneko. Ukuba ukuphuma kwegazi kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubangele inkathazo, ukuhlinzwa kungagqitywa okanye ukupakishwa okukhulu kubalulekile.
Ezinye iicawa zithintela ukuxilongwa, umbandela omele uxoxwe nawo ngogqirha ngaphambi kokucwangcisa inkqubo. Ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwegazi , oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokuhlinzwa ngaphandle kokulawula imveliso yegazi, iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo rhoqo ngonyaka.
Izambatho zegazi ezibangelwa yiUnyango
Iingubo zegazi, ezidla ngokubhekiselwe njenge- thrombosis (deep vein thrombosis) (DVT) yingozi enkulu yokuhlinzwa. Amacwecwe angaqala kwindawo yokuhlinzwa okanye kubangelwa ukungasebenzi ngexesha lokuphucula.
Uninzi lwezigulane zentsebenziswano zinikezelwa ngamachiza, njenge- heparin , "ukuncipha igazi" ukukunceda ukukhutshwa kwamacandelo. I-clot (s) ingaba yinkxalabo ebalulekileyo xa iqala ukuhamba ngegazi kunye nokufaka emphumpeni, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary embolus, okanye kwi-brain, ebangela ukubetha okanye "ukuhlaselwa kwengqondo".
Izigulane ezine-DVT zangaphambili zinomngcipheko omkhulu wecala elizeleyo kwaye kufuneka zenze ukuba oogqirha baqaphele le meko.
Ukufa Ngenxa Yophando
Zonke iindlela zokuhlinzwa, nokuba zikhethiweyo okanye ziyimfuneko, zibeka ingozi yokufa. Utyando olufuna ukuyeka intliziyo luya kuba nomngcipheko ophezulu kunokuba ugqirha ukususa iifoni , kodwa zombini unokwenza kube nokufa.
Utyando lwe-trauma, ukuhlinzwa ngokukhawulezileyo ukugcina ubomi besigulane esilimele esiya kufa ngaphandle kokungenelela, ngumzekelo wokuhlinzwa ophezulu kakhulu. Kule meko, ithuba lokusinda emva kokuba utyando luqhathaniswe nokuqinisekiswa kokufa ngaphandle.
Xa sicinga inkqubo engeyomfuneko, njengophando lweplastiki, ubukhulu bonyango kufuneka kuqwalaselwe xa kuthathwa isigqibo malunga nenkqubo.
Ukuphulukiswa kwexesha emva kokuPiliswa
Ezinye izigulane zithatha ixesha elide ukuphilisa kunabanye, ingakumbi abantu abanezifo ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Isigulane esinesigulo esingapheliyo , ingxaki yesistim somzimba, okanye ukugula kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, kunokuhlala ixesha elide lokubhedlele kunye nexesha lokubuyisela nzima.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanokuhlinzwa, banesithuba esipheleleyo sokuphulukisa, ngakumbi xa amazinga eshukela egazi alawulwa kakuhle. Ngesi sizathu, abantu abanesifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo sikasifo kufuneka
Ubunzima Ukuphuza Emva Konyango
Uninzi lwezigulane zingasuswa kumatshini wokuphefumula, okanye umoya wokuphefumula, ekupheleni kokuhlinzwa. Ezinye izigulana zinokufuna i-ventilator eside. Kwiimeko ezinzima, izigulane kufuneka zithunyelwe kwisixhobo sokuvuselela injongo yokuqinisa ukuphefumula baze bakwazi ukususwa kwi-ventilator ngokupheleleyo.
Izigulane ezisemngciphekweni wokuhlala kwi-ventilator yilezo ezinezifo zamapulmoni, ababhemayo, izigulane ezigulayo kunye nezigulana ezifuna inkxaso yomoya ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Izifo emva kokuPiliswa
Kukho umngcipheko wokusuleleka naluphi na ixesha elunxwemeni, umqobo wendalo kwintsholongwane, kuvulwa. Ukuchithwa kokugqithisa kwakha ithuba elihle lokusulela ukungena kumzimba, nangona utyando lwenziwa kwindawo ecocekileyo.
Isigulane esinentsholongwane esenza isidingo sokuhlinzwa sisengozini enkulu yokungenwa kwegciwane okanye ukusuleleka kwegazi kwaye kufuneka ikwazi ukufumanisa iimpawu kunye neempawu zentsholongwane eyingozi .
Uninzi lwezigulane ziya kufumana ama- antibiotics ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wosulelo. Abasebenzi bezonyango baya kusebenzisa iindlela ezilumkileyo zokukhusela xa beshintsha ukugqoka ukuze bancede ukukhusela izifo .
Ukulimala ngexesha loPhengululo
Xa kutyunjwa kukho umngcipheko ukuba iinxalenye zomzimba ziyonakaliswa kwinkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, isigulane esinokuhlinzwa ukuba sisuse isithasiselo sayo sinokulimala ngengozi emathunjini, esiqhotyoshelwe kwisihlomelo.
Olu hlobo lokulimala lunokufunyanwa ngexesha lenkqubo kwaye lugqitywe ngokukhawuleza okanye lube ngumcimbi ngexesha lokuphulukana xa abasebenzi bezonyango bebona ingxaki.
Ukuba ukulimala kunzima ngokwaneleyo, kufuneka utyando olongezelelweyo.
Ukukhubazeka okubangelwa yiUnyango
Enye yeengxaki ezinzima, ukukhubazeka akuqhelekanga kodwa kwenzeka, ingakumbi ngexesha lobuchopho kunye nokuhlinzwa komgudu. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko kunye nendawo yokuhlinzwa, umngcipheko wokukhubazeka unokuba lukhulu.
Utyando lokususa ubunzima obunqanyuliweyo entanjeni yomgudu okanye ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa i-disc engalunganga emgodini kuya kuba nomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhubazeka kunokuba utyando lwesisu njengoko ugqirha usebenza ngokuthe ngqo ngentambo yomgogodla.
Iziphumo ezingalunganga Emva kokuPiliswa
Isiphumo esichengileyo siphuculi singabandakanya ukusila kakhulu, imfuneko yokuhlinzwa okongeziweyo okanye inkqubo engenzi iziphumo ezifunwayo. Ukuba izilindelo zilindelekile kwaye iziphumo azamkelekanga, kunokubakho ixesha elininzi kunye neendleko ezibandakanyekayo ekulungiseni ingxaki.
Kwezinye iimeko, iziphumo ezingenakukwazi ukuthintelwa, ingakumbi ukuba ingxaki ibhetele kunokuba ikulindeleke ukuba uqalise ukuhlinzwa okanye ukuba iingxaki ezongezelelweyo zifunyenwe xa kuqhutywe ukukhangela.
Olunye utyando kufuneka ludityaniswe ukuba isiguli asinyamezeli inkqubo, isigqibo esingasithinteli kwisiphumo sonke.
Isiphumo esiphumeleleyo esiyiphutha logqirha singakhusela ukuba ugqirha onogqirha owaziwayo enkqubo ekhethiweyo. Kwiimeko apho imiphumo engafanelekiyo ibonakala iyiphutha logqirha ugqirha wesibini kungadinga ukubonisana ukuze kuxubushe unyango olongezelelweyo.
Ubungqina & Ukulinganisa Emva kokuPiliswa
Izigulane ezininzi zinamava kunye nokubetha kwiindawo zabo zokucoca, kuba ezinye ziimeko zesikhashana; abanye bakufumanisa ukuba yinkxalabo engunaphakade. Ukudala i-incision kudinga ukuba ugqirha ugqitywe ngeentsimbi, ezithumela imiyalezo phakathi komzimba kunye nengqondo. Ukuba iinqununu ezaneleyo zinqunywe, indawo ejikeleze indawo yokuqhawulayo ingaba yincinci okanye ivakalelo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokulimala, iimbilini zikwazi ukuhlaziywa, ukuvumela uvakalelo ukuba ubuyele kwindawo ngaphandle kweeveki okanye iinyanga. Kwezinye iziganeko, umonakalo kwiimbilini ziba nzima kakhulu ukuba umzimba uphinde ulungiswe, okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo.
Ukuqhekeka emva kokuPiliswa
Ukutshatyalaliswa emva kokuhlinzwa akusoloko kuthintelwa, ingakumbi xa kuqhutyelwa ukuxubusha okukhulu okanye ukubandakanywa kwamanani amaninzi. Zonke izigulane ezinomngcipheko wokungabikho komngcipheko. Ngokuhlinzwa okukhethiweyo njengophando lweplastiki, utywala obonakalayo lunokuba ngumcimbi omkhulu njengoko utyando lwenziwe ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo ebonakala kwabanye.
Izigulane zinomthwalo obalulekileyo wokuthintela ukonakala. Ukulandela imiyalelo evela kugqirha kubalulekile. Imiyalelo ihlala iquka iindlela ezithile zokunakekelwa kwilonda kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya ngaphambi nokuqhubeka emva kokuhlinzwa.
Abagqirha beplastiki badinga ukuba izigulane zabo ziyeke ukutshaya ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ngenxa yokuba uphando lubonakalise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba abantu ababhemayo banqabile ngakumbi kakhulu emva kokuhlinzwa. Ukuba isigulane sikhetha ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye neziphumo zokusila, ugqirha akanakho ukulawula kwesi siphumo.
Ukukhetha ugqirha ogqithisileyo kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kunokuncedisa ukuqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa okuncinci. Kwiimeko zokukhawulwa kwesibalo esiyiphumo sobuchopho obuthathaka, unogqirha ongezelelweyo unokufuneka ukuba alungise umonakalo obangelwayo.
Ukuvuvukala nokuqhayisa emva kokuPiliswa
Indawo yokuphalaza kunye nokuvuvukala kuthathwa njengenxalenye eqhelekileyo yenkqubo yokuphulukisa emva kokuhlinzwa.
Ubunzima bunokuthathwa yizinto ezininzi ezibandakanya uhlobo lotyando, inani lempi efunekayo ukugqiba utyando, ubuqhetseba besigulane kunye nohlobo lokunyamekelwa olwenziwe emva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukuxinwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye iindlela ezilula zingaphuthukisa inkqubo yokuphulukisa ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezithile zonyango kunokwenza kube nzima ukunyuka. Ezi nkxalabo kufuneka zixoxwe kunye nodokotela.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, ugqirha kufuneka ukwazi ukunika ubungqikelelo ngokubanzi xa ukutyumza nokuvuvukala kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo.
Iingxelo:
> Ukulungiselela Ukuhlinzwa-Ingozi. I-American Society of Anesthesiologists. Ufikelele kuMatshi, 2018. https://www.asahq.org/whensecondscount/prepreing-for-surgery/risks/