Iimvavanyo ze-Electrodiagnostic zenza uncedo lwe-nervous and muscle diagnostic
I-Electromyography (EMG) kunye nezifundo zentambo yokuziphatha (NCS) zixhobo zokuxilonga ezixabisekileyo ezenza uncedo lwezifo ze-neurologists zifumane kwaye zichane izizathu zezifo ezichaphazela izihlunu kunye neentsimbi zomhlaba. Kwi-EMG, inaliti encinci ifakwe kwisisipha ukuze kulinganiswe umsebenzi wombane. Izifundo zokuqhuba iimbilini, ii-electrode zifakwa elukhumbeni oluphezu kwentsholongwane, kunye nezinye i-electrodes zokurekhoda zifakwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi-nerve efanayo.
Ukutshatyalazwa okuncinci kusetyenziswa, kwaye ukutsalwa kombane kubhalwe.
Ngoxa i-EMG kunye ne-NCS ziimvavanyo ezahlukileyo, zihlala zisetyenziswa ndawonye kuba ulwazi olufunyenweyo kwisifundo ngasinye luyongezwa. Ezi zimbini iimvavanyo zihlala zifundisa ngakumbi kunokuba zisetyenziswe yodwa, ngaphandle kweemeko ezithile.
Ukuqonda iziphumo ze-NCS
Isalathisi sombane esithunyelwe nge-axon ye-nerve kuthiwa isenzo esinokuthi senze. Kwiingcaphephe zokuqhuba umthambo, ezi zinokuthi ziyakwenziwa ngokutsha ngokuveliswa kombane ukuze kuhlolwe indlela i-axon ephendula ngayo.
Kukho iingxenye ezibini zesifundo se-nerve conduction-sensory kunye nemoto. Ukurekhoda kwi-nerve ye-sensory kunika isenzo sentsholongwane ye-nerve (SNAP), kunye nokurekhoda kwi-muscle kuvelisa i-CMAP).
Enye imigaqo onokuhlangana nayo kwi-EMG okanye kwi-NCS ingxelo ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Ubungakanani: Isibonakaliso sombane simelwa njengomtshangatshangiso, kwaye ukuphakama kwayo kukuphakama kwayo.
- Ukuqhubela i-velocity (CV): I-speeding speed isichazela isivinini apho umbane ushukumisa khona.
- Ubude besikhathi: Oku kuchaza ububanzi bombane.
- Ibloko yokuqhuba: Lokhu kukunciphisa isalathisi kummandla we-anatomical njengesiko. Oku kuphakamisa intsimbi yesigulane, njengengqondo ye- carpal tunnel syndrome .
- I-F reflex: U-F umtsalane uhlobo oluthile lwamandla kagesi, apho umtsalane uhamba ufike emthonjeni aze abuyele phantsi kwe fiber efanayo. Ngaloo ndlela kunika ingqiqo yokuqhutyelwa kuyo yonke ubude bentsimbi.
- I-reflex ye-H: I-H yomswakama yinto elinganayo yamandla kagxina emlenzeni. Ukuhambela umkhonto kumgca wesipelini nge-nervous sensory, uze ubuyele emva kwentsimbi.
Ezi nyathelo zinika ulwazi malunga neendlela zombini kunye neengqondo zenkqubo yendlela yokutya ye-nervous system . Zicetyisa nokuba i-axon okanye i-myelin sheath of nerves ibonakaliswe kakhulu yi-neuropathy. U-Myelin unceda isenzo esinokuthi sihambe ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke kwiingxaki ze-myelin (i-myelinopathies), ukuqhutyelwa kwe-velocity kuyancipha. Kwiingxaki kunye ne-axon (i-axonopathies), iifayili ezizinzile zingenza izibonakaliso kwizantya eziqhelekileyo, kodwa zikhona ezimbalwa iintambo, ezikhokelela kumqondiso obuthathaka kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu.
Ukuqonda iziphumo ze-EMG
Xa i-EMG yenziwe, umsebenzi wegesi ovela kumfayili we-muscle ulinganiswa kwaye uboniswe njengamaza kwiskrini kunye nemisindo efana ne-Static edlalwa kwisithethi. Iingcali zombini ziphulaphula ezi zandi kwaye zibukele iliso ukuze zibone ukungaqhelekanga.
Xa iimbilini zivuselela umsizi ukuya kwisivumelwano, isiphumo siphumelelo somsebenzi wombane obizwa ngokuba yi-unit unit action (MUP).
Kwizifo zentsholongwane yomhlaba, izihlunu zithile ziqala ngokuzibandakanya ngokwazo. Oku kungabonwa yi-EMG njengefabrillation kunye namaza abukhaliyo kwi-monitor. Ngamanye amaxesha ukungaqhelekanga kubangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibizwa ngokuba yi- fasciculations.
Ukuba inetyholo yenzakaliswe kwaye i-regrows, iimbilini zithatha ukuya kwisebe ukuze zibandakanye indawo ebanzi. Oku kubangela i-MUPs enkulu engavumelekanga. Ukuba i-MUPs ingaqhelekanga okanye imfutshane ibonisa ubukho besifo se-muscle (i-myopathy).
Oogqirha ukutolika iziphumo ze-EMG banokukhankanya igama elithi "iphethini yokuqesha." Njengesihlunu sithengiweyo, iimbilini zeentsimbi zibonisa uphawu olungaphezulu kunye nolunye lweemisipha (ezibizwa ngokuba yimoto yunithi) ukuba zingene kwaye zancede.
Kwimeko yesifo se-neuropathic, i-amplitude yeenjini ezahlukeneyo zomeleleyo, kodwa zikhona ezimbalwa ngenxa yokuba imbilini ayikwazi ukudibanisa kwiiyunithi ezininzi. Kwiimyopathies, inani leenjini ziyaqhelekileyo, kodwa i-amplitude incinci.
Umzekelo wokukhutshwa kombane kwi-muscle unokunika ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga neengxaki zengxaki, kwaye lunokukunceda ukunquma ukuba kubekho ingxaki ixesha elide.
Ukuchazwa kwe-EMG kunye ne-NCS akusoloko ichanekileyo kwaye akusoloko ikhokelela kwisifo esisodwa esilunokwenzeka-kodwa iimvavanyo zinganciphisa inani lokuxilonga.
Imithombo:
I-ARport i-AR, i-Sander HW, iNdlela yeCliniki kwi-Peripheral Neuropathy: i-Anatomic Localization kunye novavanyo lwe-Diagnostic Testing. Continuum; Umqulu 18, uNgo-1, Februwari 2012.
> Blumenfeld H. Neuroanatomy NgeziKliniki zeKliniki . Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Abapapashi; 2014.