Iinjongo zezigaba ezahlukeneyo zezilingo zezillini
Iyintoni injongo yezilingo zeklinikhi kwaye ufuna ukuba wazi ukuba ucinga ngenye yezi zifundo? Izilingo zezonyango zizungezwe ngenye imfihlelo, kwaye abantu abaninzi bayaxhala xa becelwa ukuba baqwalasele ukubhalisa kwenye yezi zifundo. Ukuqonda injongo yesifundo kunye nokungafani
Injongo epheleleyo yezilingo zeZliniki
Injongo yezilingo zamachiza kukufumana iindlela zokukhusela, ukuxilonga okanye ukunyanga izifo.
Zonke iziyobisi kunye nenkqubo esetyenziselwa unyango lomhlaza sele ifundwe njengenxalenye yesilingo sekliniki.
Nangona iingcamango malunga nezilingo zonyango ziye zavakala - ngaba uke waziva i-coke ye-pig? Kunokuba luncedo ukuqonda ukuba nayiphi na unyango olwamkelekileyo oya kufumana njengomgangatho wokunyamekelwa wawuye wafundwa kwilingo leklinikhi kwaye wafumanisa ukuba uphezulu okanye unemiphumo emibini engaphantsi kwayo yonke into eyayisetyenziswe ngaphambi kwelo xesha.
Nangona iinjongo zezilingo zonyango kwiingcali zonyango azizange zitshintshe kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva nje, zibalulekile - kwaye ingabonakali - inguqu eyenziwa kwendima yesigulane ngasinye esithatha inxaxheba kwezi zilingo. Siza kuxubusha oku ngaphantsi, emva kokuxoxa ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezigaba zezilingo zeeklinikhi.
Injongo yeeNdidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwezonyango
Injongo yezilingo ezahlukileyo ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kumbuzo obuzwayo njengenxalenye yesifundo.
Iindidi ezahlukileyo zezilingo ziquka:
- Izilingo zokukhusela. Ezi zilingo ziphonononga iindlela zokukhusela isifo okanye inkcenkceszo yesifo ekungenakwenzeka.
- Izilingo zokuhlola. Izilingo zokuhlola zifuna iindlela zokufumanisa umhlaza kwinqanaba elingaphantsi lokunyanga. Ngokomzekelo, ukuzama ukufumana indlela yokufumanisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwinqanaba elingaphambili kunokuba livuthiwe. Kwakhona kuthiwa izilingo zokuthoma zakuqala.
- Iilingo zokuxilonga. Izilingo zifuna iindlela ezingcono kunye ezingenasiphelo zokuxilonga umhlaza.
- Izilingo zonyango. Abantu badla ngokuqhelana nezilingo zonyango, uphando olukhangela amayeza kunye neenkqubo ezisebenza bhetele okanye zinyamezeleke ngakumbi ngeempembelelo ezimbalwa.
- Umgangatho wobomi bezilingo. Izilingo ezifuna iindlela ezingcono zokubonelela ngononophelo abantu abanomdla kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye ziba zixhaphake.
Injongo yeziGaba ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwezonyango
Ukongezelela ekubeni isifundo soluhlobo oluthile, ukuhlolwa kweeklinikhi kuphuhliwe zibe zigaba kuquka:
- Uvavanyo lweSigaba 1. Ezi zilingo ziqhutyelwa kwinani elincinci labantu kwaye zenzelwe ukubona ukuba unyango lukhuselekile .
- Uvavanyo lweSigaba 2 . Emva kokuba unyango lubhekwa lukhuselekile, luvavanywa kwisilingo sesigaba sesi-2 ukuba lubone ukuba lusebenza .
- Uvavanyo lwesigaba 3 . Ukuba unyango lufumaneka ukuba lukhuselekile kwaye lunempumelelo, luvavanywa kwisilingo sesigaba sesi-3 ukuba lubone ukuba lusebenza ngakumbi kunezonyango eziqhelekileyo ezikhoyo, okanye zineempembelelo ezimbalwa kunezonyango eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba isicatshulwa sitholakala ukuba sisebenza kakuhle okanye sikhuselekileyo kwisilingo sesigaba sesi-3, sinokuvavanywa ukuvunyelwa kwe-FDA.
- Uvavanyo lweSigaba 4. Ngokuqhelekileyo unyango luvunyiwe (okanye aluvunyelwanga) yi-FDA ekugqityweni kwesilingo sesithathu. Izilingo zeSigaba 4 zenziwa emva kokuvunyelwa kwe-FDA kwaye zinokuthi zenziwe ukuba zichongiwe ukuba imithi yomhlaza eyenza i-subtype enye yomhlaza ingasebenza kwi-subtype yomhlaza.
Indlela iNjongo yeeNzululwazi zeNtsholongwane ishintsho lwaBantu ngabanye
Njengoko kuphawuliwe kwangaphambili, nangona injongo yezilingo zekliniki kumayeza ayitshintshi, kukho indlela engaqinisekanga ngayo ukuba ezi zilingo zitshintsha ngokwenene abathathi-nxaxheba - inguqu ehambelana nokuqonda kwethu okuphuculweyo kwe-genetics kunye ne-immunology yezicubu.
Umzekelo ufanele amaphepha ngamazwi, ngoko makhe sixoxe ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukileyo apho izilingo zonyango ziguquka.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, uhlobo olulandelayo lwelingo lube luvavanyo lwesigaba sesi-3. Ezi zilingo zivame ukuphonononga inani elikhulu labantu ukuze ubone ukuba unyango lungcono kunokuba unyango lwangaphambili.
Ngezi zilingo, maxa wambi mahluko ophantsi phakathi komgangatho kunye novavanyo lwezilingo. Isilingo sesilingo sekliniki mhlawumbi sikhuselekile siye safika kule ngongoma, kodwa asikho ithuba elihle lokuba liza kusebenza ngokubaluleka ngakumbi kunonyango oludala.
Ngokwahlukileyo, kuye kwanda inani elinyukayo lovavanyo lwesigaba 1 olwenziwa ngumhlaza kwiminyaka yamuva. Ezi, njengoko ziphawulwe, zizifundo zokuqala ezenziwa ngabantu, emva kokuba isivivinywa sivivanywe kwibhuyibhile kwaye mhlawumbi kwizilwanyana. Ezi zonyango zithatha ingozi enkulu njengoko injongo ephambili kukubona ukuba unyango lukhuselekile, kwaye kuphela inani elincinci labantu elibandakanyiweyo kwezi zifundo. Nangona kunjalo kukho amathuba amaninzi - ubuncinci unikezelwa ngeentlobo zonyango olwangena ezilingo - ukuba ezi zonyango zinganikeza ithuba lokuphila ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba kunokwenzeka ngaphambili. Kwabanye abantu la mayeza awanike ithuba lokusinda , njengoko kungekho zonyango kwiqela elitsha lingavunyelwa.
Unokucinga ukuba oku kuzwakala ngathi kufana neLotter, kodwa le nto yatshintshile nakwiminyaka yamuva. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo isilingo sesigaba se-1 sinokuba sisisigxina ebumnyameni, sifuna nantoni na ukuphatha umhlaza . Ngoku, amaninzi ala mayeza ayenzelwe ukujolisa iinkqubo ezithile zeeselulu kumhlaza weeseli eziye zavavanywa kulabo bafumana iyezabisi kwizilingo zeclini.
Ngamanye amazwi, indlela yesibini ephambili apho izilingo zenyango ziguqulwa kakhulu zixanduva lokuqala. Iprojekthi ye-genome yomntu iye yavula ezininzi iingcango ezintsha kunye neendlela, ezivumela abaphandi ukuba baqulunqe iziyobisi ezijoliswe ngqo ngokujoliswe ngqo kwizinto eziqhelekileyo kunye eziyingqayizivele kwiseli yesifo somhlaza. Ukongeza, i- immunotherapy ivumela abaphandi ukuba bafumane iindlela zokuncedisa kunye nokunyamekela amandla ethu omzimba wokulwa nomhlaza.
Ufuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiCliniki yovavanyo
Ingcaciso eyadlulileyo yenguqu yokutshintshwa kweemvavanyo zonyango inokuthenjelwa ukunciphisa abanye ukwesaba malunga nokuhlolwa kweeklinikhi. Akunjalo kuphela ukuvavanywa kweeklinikhi okukwazi ukuhambisa unyango phambili, kodwa ngenxa yeenguqu ezibalulekileyo endleleni esiphatha ngayo umdlavuza, sithatha inzuzo yokunceda abantu ngabanye abanomdlavuza kunanini ngaphambili.
Oko kwathiwa, kucinga ukuba abantu abayi-1 kuphela abaneminyaka engama-20 abanomdlavuza abanokufumana inzuzo evela kwilingo lonyango abhalisiwe. Thetha kwi- oncologist yakho. Funda malunga novavanyo lweekliniki. Oku kungabonakala kunzima, kodwa ngokubulela ininzi yemibutho enkulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu isebenze ndawonye ukuze iqulunqe isilingo se-klinikhi yamahhala . Qinisekisa ukuba ube ngummeli wakho ekunyamekeleni kwakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-Memorial Sloan iCettering Cancer Centre. Uvavanyo lweZliniki.