Ukuba uxelelwe ukuba une-bronchogenic carcinoma, mhlawumbi unokhathazeka kakhulu. Ithetha ntoni le nto?
Inkcazo
Ngokomlando , i-caronchooma ye-bronchogenic yayiyigama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza imvelaphi yezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga-yilezo ezivela kwi-bronchi (i-airways enkulu yamaphaphu) kunye ne-bronchioles.
Ngoku, eli gama lisetyenziselwa umhlaza womphunga kuzo zonke iintlobo.
Ngelixa elinye igama elithi bronchogenic carcinoma lingasetyenziselwa ngandlela-thile endala-ngokubhekiselele kumdlavuza wamaphaphu ovela kwimpompo yomoya ophakathi kwimizila yepomphu-idla ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuchaza nayiphi na uhlobo okanye i-subtype yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Iintlobo
Kukho iindidi eziphambili ze-bronchogenic carcinoma:
- Incinci yeSifo Sengculaza Yamancinci : Umdlavuza omncinci wamaseli omnxeba ubizwa ngokuba ngumzimba weeseli ngaphantsi kwe-microscope (iiseli ezincinci.) Olu hlobo lomhlaza lukhoyo kuma-15 ekhulwini labantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- I-Can-Small-Cell Lung Cancer : I-akhawunti engekho encinci yomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu angama-80 engama-cancer yemiphunga kwaye iphinde iphulwe phantsi kwe- lung adenocarcinoma , i- squamous cell carcinoma yemiphunga kunye nomdlavuza omkhulu wamangqamuzana .
Imbali
Kule minyaka, iindidi eziqhelekileyo kunye nendawo yomhlaza womphunga uye watshintsha. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iifom eziqhelekileyo zazingumhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu (uhlobo lomhlaza wesifo samangqamuzana omncinci) kunye nomhlaza wesifo somnxeba omncinci (oat cell carcinoma.)
Okwangoku, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lungumaphaphu adenocarcinoma. Kucingelwa ukuba inxalenye yolu tshintsho ingahambelana nokudibanisa kwezihlunu kwiigarethi. Esikhundleni sezinto ezinomdlavuza ezifana nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamasipha kunye nomdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana omnxeba ovame ukuphakama kwiindawo eziphambili zomphunga, i-lung adenocarcinoma ivela rhoqo kwiindawo ezikude ezihamba emiphakeni.
Kuvakalelwa kukuba ukongezwa kwezihlunu kuvumela iichiza ezinobungozi kumsi wesigareta ukuba zithatyathwe ngaphaya emiphakeni. Ngokuqinisekileyo, umhlaza wamaphaphu uvela kubantu ababhemayo kunye nabantu ababhema, kwaye i-adenocarcinoma yindlela eqhelekileyo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungabikho ababhemayo.
Iimpawu
Ukusebenzisa inkcazo endala ye-bronchogenic carcinoma, iimpawu zihlala zihambelana nokukhula komhlaza kwindlela ehamba phambili. Ngaloo ndlela, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wemiphunga zingabandakanya:
- Ukuhlamba igazi
- I-pneumonia ephindaphindiweyo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-airways nge-tumor
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
Ngexesha langoku, i-lung adenocarcinoma yindlela eqhelekileyo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukubalwa kwama-40 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini lamatyala. Ezi zicubu zivame ukukhula kwimida yeemiphunga, kunokuba zingaphakathi kwe-airways njenge-bronchi, kwaye ngenxa yoko, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezikhankanywe ngasentla zingase zingekho. Iimpawu zokuqala zomphunga adenocarcinoma kunokuba zibe nempawu ezifana nale:
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo esingachazwanga
- Ukukhathala
- Ukuphefumula, ingakumbi ngokuzivocavoca
Izizathu
Uninzi lwabantu baqhelana nokubhema njengesizathu somdlavuza wamaphaphu , kodwa kukho nezinye izizathu ezibalulekileyo ngokunjalo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Ukugqithiswa kweRadon ekhaya : I-Radon yinto yesibini ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu ababhemayo, kunye nenani elilodwa lomdlavuza wemiphunga kubantu abangabhemi.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga kungenziwa ngeendlela eziliqela. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha ufumana into engaqhelekanga kwi-x-ray esifubeni eqhuba ukuphonononga okuqhubekayo nesifuba se-CT okanye enye indlela yokucinga. I- PET yokutshekisha ingenziwa, njengoko le ndlela iyona ndlela ibuhlungu kakhulu yokufumana isasaza somhlaza wamaphaphu kwaye isisigxina ngokucacileyo eso sifo. Oku kubalulekile, njengoko ixesha lotyando lunyango olukhethiweyo lomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamapompo, akuyi kucetyiswa kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Xa ukungaqhelekanga kufumaneka kwisifundo sokucinga, oogqirha bavame ukucebisa i- biopsy yefom yefomu ethile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kwakunye nokufunda malunga neprojekthi ye-molecular yomdlavuza wemiphunga (ukuhlolwa kofuzo ).
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko unyango olutsha oluthile lwe-subtypes yomdlavuza wamaphaphu luye lwafumaneka. Ukuba unomdlavuza omninzi wesifo samaphaphu, ikakhulukazi umphunga adenocarcinoma okanye i-squamous cell carcinoma, uthetha ngentetho yakho malunga nokuguquka komzimba kwisisu sakho. Nangona i-biopsy yomphunga isisiseko segolide sokwenza oku vavanyo, ngo-2016 uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi -biopsy yamanzi luvunyelwe ukuvavanya utshintsho lwe- EGFR kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ukuhlola
Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kwinqanaba elisezantsi lifumaneka kumdlavuza wamaphaphu, kubantu abahlangabezana nemigangatho ethile. Kufunyenwe ukuba kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-80, abanomlando we-pack of year-30 wokutshaya, kunye nokuba bashiye okanye bayeke kwiminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo, ukuphonononga kunganciphisa izinga lokufa kumdlavuza wamaphaphu ngama-20 ekhulwini. Ukuba uhlangabezana nale migqaliselo, okanye ukuba uneminye yemingcipheko yomhlaza wemiphunga, xela ugqirha malunga nokuhlola.
Unyango
Unyango lwakho ugqirha luyakuncoma luya kuxhomekeka kwimibandela emininzi, kubandakanywa uhlobo kunye nesigaba somhlaza womphunga ofunyaniswayo. Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde malunga nokuxilongwa kwakho, njengoko uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu ababandakanyekayo ngokunyamekela kwinkathalo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu baneziphumo ezingcono. Unyango lunokubandakanya ukuhlinzwa komhlaza wamaphaphu , ukuchithwa kwekhemotherapy , unyango olujoliswe kuyo , unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne- immunotherapy .
Prognosis
Ngokudabukisayo, ukugxekwa kwe-carcinoma ye-bronchogenic ihlala ihlwempu, kunye nemilinganiselo yokusinda iminyaka emi-5 nje ngeepesenti ezili-17. Ukuguqulwa kwamanzi kuyahlukahluka ngohlobo kunye nesigaba somdlavuza wemiphunga , kwaye izinga lokusinda libhetele kangangoko xa kufunyanwe kwizigaba zangaphambili zesifo. Nangona la manani anengqiqo, ukunyamekela kunyango lomhlaza kumaphaphu kuphucula ukuphila, kubantu abaneemastasti (isigaba 4) izifo.
Ukunyamezela kunye nenkxaso
Abantu abaninzi basebenzisana kunye nomzamo wokunciphisa ukusabalalisa komhlaza wamaphaphu "isifo sobhemayo." Akunjalo kuphela ababhemayo kunye nabantu abaye bayeka ixesha elidlulileyo bahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imbali yokutshaya, sonke isigulane esinomdlavuza wamaphaphu sifanele simthande, sinovelwano kunye nokunyamekela kwezempilo.
Khangela amaqela enkxaso yomdlavuza wamaphaphu nokuba kwindawo yakho okanye kwi-intanethi. Zifundise ngesifo sakho kunye nentuthuko entsha enokubhekisele kuwe. Ukuba umhlobo wakho ufunyanwe nomhlaza wemiphunga, qwa lasela la macebiso ekuncedeni umntu omthandayo ngomhlaza , kwaye ukuhlangabezana xa umthandayo enomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Umthombo:
National Cancer Institute. I-Cancer ye-Lung - Kwiingcali zezeMpilo. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp.