Yonke Nge-Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Umhlaza wesifo se-cell ummangali ungowomdla wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu, ubuncinane ubuncinane abangama-80 ekhulwini lala mathambo. Ziziphi iimpawu, iintlobo, kunye nezizathu, kwaye kufuneka ziphathwe njani? Yintoni ekufuneka wonke umntu onomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongeyomncinci awaziyo?
Sibanzi
Umhlaza wesifo se-cell ummangali ngumhlobo oqhelekileyo wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu, kwaye uhlobo lomhlaza womphunga oqhelekileyo lufumaneka kubasetyhini, abangabhemi kunye nabaselula.
Akusasazeka ngokukhawuleza njengomdlavuza omncinci wamangqamuzana wesifo samaphaphu kodwa isoloko ixilongwa xa iphakamileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nangona umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesifo esingasetyenziswanga, ungasaphathwa. Kuye kwandula uphuhliso olutsha lwangoku kunyango lomhlaza wamaphaphu, kwaye izinga lokuphila liphucula kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo.
Kuza kumangaliswa kubantu abaninzi abangabhemiyo banokuyenza umhlaza womphunga. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwabantu abahlakulela umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangcwaba ongenamancinci namhlanje abangabhemi - bade babeshushu okanye bangabhemi. Omnye kwabafazi abahlanu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abazange bashiye. Kwaye nangona umdlavuza wemiphunga uyancipha kubantu abadala kunye namadoda, ukwanda kubantu abadala, ngokukodwa abantwana abaselula ukutshaya.
Iintlobo
Kukho iiprayimari ezi-3 eziphambili ze-cell cell. Ezi ziquka:
Adenocarcinoma
I-Adenocarcinoma yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-cell non-small cell cell accounting accounts for up to 50 percent of cases in the United States.
Kwii-cancer ezincinci zamangqamuzana omnxeba, oku kudla ukufumana abantu abadala, abafazi kunye nabantu abangazange bavume. I-adenocarcinoma ye-lung ivame ukuqala kwimimandla engaphandle yemiphunga, kwaye inokukhula ngokubanzi ngaphambi kokuba ifunyenwe. Ekubeni ezi zicubu zihlala zihlala kude ne-airways, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokukhwehlela aziqhelekanga.
Iimpawu zokuqala zivame ukucima, ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nomsebenzi, kunye nempilo jikelele yokugula.
I-squamous Cell Carcinoma yeeLung
I-Squamous cell carcinoma yomphunga esetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo kodwa ngoku i-akhawunti engama-30 engama-cancer amancinci amancinci e-United States. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala kwiibhubhu zomhlaza, eziphambili emiphakeni, kwaye ziyafumaneka emva kokuba abantu bahlakulele ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukukhwehlela igazi, okanye ukuphucula izifo zokuphefumula eziphindaphindiweyo (ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwee-airways.) Kuye kucaciswa ukuba ugwayi ococekileyo kubangele ukuhla kwe-squamous cell cell cancer kunye nokuba i-adenocarcinoma ixhaphake kakhulu ngoku kuba i-toxins ixiliswa ngokunyanisekileyo kwimiphunga.
Inkulu yeCarcinoma yeeLung
Amanqamzana omnxeba omnxeba amancinci aqhelekanga, aqikelele kwi-10 yeepesenti ezingamancinci zamanqamu emaphaphu emiphunga eUnited States. Zenzeka kwimida yangaphandle yemiphunga kwaye zivame ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.
Iimpawu
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele iimpawu zesifo somhlaza ongaselula. Umdlavuza womlenze CT ukuhlolwa kweso sifumaneka kubantu abathile baye batshaya, kodwa uninzi lwabantu kufuneka lithembele ekuqaphelisweni kweempawu zokufumana isifo kwizigaba zokuqala ezinokwenzeka.
Iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wesifo somnxeba ongeyomncinci singabandakanya:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukuhlamba igazi
- Ukuphefumula, ngakumbi ngomsebenzi
- Ukugubha
- Ukuthuka
- Izifo zokuphefumula eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-pneumonia okanye i-bronchitis
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo esingalindelekanga
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-non-small cell cell emmayeni yemiphunga kunokuba ngumngeni, kwaye akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu baqale bangaphathwa kakubi ngenye into, njenge-asthma. Nazi ezinye zeemvavanyo kunye neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa kunye nesigxina somdlavuza wemiphunga .
Ukucwangcisa
Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana ongekho omncinci uphuhliselwe kwiinqanaba ezi-4, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besisu kunye nokuba lude kangakanani.
Unokufunda okungakumbi malunga namanqanaba omhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana kunye nenkqubo ye - TNM yokubeka umdlavuza wamaphaphu , okanye ufunde kabanzi ngamanyathelo athile kula manqaku:
Izizathu
Ukutshaya ngokuqinisekileyo yimbangela ebalulekileyo ye-cell non-small cell cancer, kodwa kukho nezinye izizathu ezibalulekileyo. Ukubonakaliswa kwi-radon emakhayeni ethu yimbangela yesibini ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye nenani elibangela abantu abangakhange bavume. Ukuba awuzange uvavanye ikhaya lakho nge radon, yenza njalo namhlanje. Abanye abantu banakho ukufumana imfuyo yesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu , kwaye kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukuba umntu unesihlobo esisisiseko somhlaza womphunga - unina, uyise, umntakwabo, okanye umntwana-umngcipheko we-cancer yompompo kabini. Khangela ezi ziyaziwayo kunye neminye engozi eyaziwayo engumdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Unyango
Amanyango omhlaza wemiphunga aphulwe phantsi kwinqanaba. Amanyango onke angaphulwa phantsi kweentlobo ezimbini. Ionyango zengingqi zonyango umdlavuza apho zivela khona kwaye zibandakanya unyango kunye neyeza. Ionyango zonyango zizonke zonyango ezijongene nomhlaza naphina apho kwenzeka khona emzimbeni kwaye zibandakanya i-chemotherapy, imithi ejoliswe kuyo kunye ne-immunotherapy. Abantu abaninzi abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bafumana unyango kunye nezo ndlela zombini zonyango. Unyango olunokwenzeka luquka:
Ugqirha - Ukuvuthwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamanye amaxesha kunika ithuba lokunyanga kwiindawo zokuqala zesifo. Ukongezelela, ezinye iimvumi ezisekugqibeleni kakhulu ukuhlinzwa ziyancipha emva kwe-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation ukuya kwindawo apho ukuhlinzwa kunokwenzeka khona. Ngombulelo, unyango luya kuphucula ngisho nakwabo abanomdlavuza ongaphazamiseki.
I-Chemotherapy - I-Chemotherapy inokwenziwa ngomhlaza wemiphunga oye wasasazeka, okanye "njengendlela yokulungisa" abantu abahlinzwa.
Uphulo lwe-radiation - Unyango lwamayeza lungenziwa kunye ne-chemotherapy, kwaye lunokwenziwa ngaphambi okanye emva kokuhlinzwa komhlaza wamaphaphu. Olunye uhlobo lwamayeza omzimba olubizwa ngokuba yi- stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) ingasetyenziselwa ukuphilisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwizigulane ezingenakho ukuhlinzwa ngenxa yomdlavuza onokukhusela.
Ulwaphulo olulindelekileyo - Iinkqubo ezijoliswe kuzo ziyizidakamizwa ezibhekiselele utshintsho oluthile lomzimba kumaseli omhlaza obangela ukukhula kwezidumbu. Le ndawo yonyango ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kunye neyeza ezivunyiweyo ezisetyenziselwa abo abane- EGFR utshintsho , ukulungiswa kwe-ALK, ukulungiswa kwakhona kwe- ROS1 , kunye nokunye utshintsho ngezilingo zeklinikhi.
Immunotherapy - Immunotherapy yindlela entsha enomdla kumdlavuza wamaphaphu , kunye neyeza lokuqala kulolu hlobo oluye lwavunywa ngo-2015. Ezi zonyango zisebenza ngokunceda amajoni ethu omzimba aqonde kwaye ahlasele amaseli omhlaza.
Uvavanyo lwezonyango - Ngokutsho kweNational Cancer Institute, wonke umntu onomdlavuza wesifo somnxeba ongeyomncinci kufuneka acinge ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwizilingo zonyango. Funda kabanzi malunga nokufumana iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ngomhlaza wemiphunga .
Prognosis
Kukho amanani athetha ngokumalunga nexesha "lobomi" lobomi bomzimba kunye nezigaba ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wemiphunga, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba la manani - kungekhona abantu. Wonke umntu uhlukile kwaye uphendula ngokwahlukileyo kunyango. Ukongezelela, la manani mhlawumbi ayilunganga kakuhle indlela umntu oya kwenza ngayo. Izibalo ziyimilinganiselo yendlela umntu akwenza ngayo ngexesha elidlulileyo ngezonyango ezazifumaneka ngelo xesha. Ingqalelo kukuba kwakukho unyango olutsha olwamkelwe ngumhlaza wamaphaphu ngexesha lokusukela ngo-2011 ukuya ku-2015, ngaphezu kwexesha leminyaka engama-40 eyandulela ngo-2011. Ngamanye amagama, amanani achaza indlela umntu ophila ngayo nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-2010 mhlawumbi uthetha ngendlela encinci malunga nendlela umntu oza kwenza namhlanje.
Inkxaso kunye nokuKhekana
Ukuba usanda kutshatyalaliswa ngumhlaza wamaphaphu, mhlawumbi uvakalelwa ukwesaba kakhulu kwaye uphazamiseke. Hlola ezi ngcebiso kumanyathelo okuqala ukuba uthathe umhlaza wesifo somhlaza .
Uphando lusitshela ukuba ukufunda ngokusemandleni akho ngomhlaza wakho kunokukunceda ukwazi ukujamelana nemeko yakho engcono, kwaye unokukunceda neziphumo. Thatha isikhashana ufunde malunga nendlela yokufumana ulwazi olungumhlaza lomnatha kwi-intanethi . Ukuqhagamshelaniswa noluntu kunamalungelo amaninzi, njengoko unokudibanisa nabanye abajongene nesimo esifanayo, kwaye ufunde oko bakufundile endleleni. Khangela la maqela enkxaso ye-intanethi kunye nenkxaso yoluntu .
Ukuba Umntu Othandekayo Ufumene I-Cancer Lung
Akukho mntu ufumana umhlaza wedwa, kwaye abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu baye bathetha nam ukuba baziva nzima kunabo abathandayo. Ukongeza ukwesaba, unokuziva ungancedi ngokupheleleyo. Khangela eli nqaku xa umthandayo enomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuze afunde malunga nabanye abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banqwenela ukuba abo bathandekayo bawazi. Nangona kuyimfuneko emva kokuxilongwa ebomini ukugxila kumthandane wakho, qinisekisa ukuba uyinyamekele njengomgcini wongomdlavuza. Ukujamelana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngumqhudelwano, kungekhona i-sprint.
Izibonelelo:
American Cancer Society. I-Cancer Cancer (I-Cell-Non-Small Small.) I-Cell-Non-Small Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival Rates. 04/30/2014. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-sall-cell-lung-cancer-survival-rates
Isizwe seZiko lezeMpilo. Medline Plus. Umhlaza wemiphunga. Ukuhlaziywa 08/08/16. https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html
College of American Pathologists. Umhlaza wemiphunga. Adenocarcinoma yeLung. Fi kelelwa ngo 10/30/12. http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/reference/myBiopsy/lung_adenocarcinoma.html.