Ukuba uzama ukufumana isigaba somdlavuza wakho wamaphaphu unokuba uvakalelwa kakhulu. Kuthetha ukuthini xa i-oncologist yakho ithetha nge "TNM" kwaye yintoni le nto ihambelana nezigaba? Makhe sijonge intsingiselo yolu hlobo lweleta, indlela oogqirha abazisebenzisa ngayo ukubeka umhlaza, kwaye oko kukuthetha ntoni ngokubhekiselele kunyango.
I-TNM System
I-TNM yokumisela umdlavuza wamaphaphu inokudideka ukuba ubani aqonde, makungabikho umntu osandul 'ukutshatyalaliswa ngeendaba zomhlaza wesifo somhlaza. Isiteji se-TNM sihambelana njani namanqanaba omhlaza wemiphunga , njengesiqendu 2 kunye nesigaba 4?
Ziziphi iincwadi ezichazayo
Iileta nganye ze-TNM zimelele ubungakanani okanye ukusasazeka komhlaza njengolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- T - Ubeka ubungakanani besisu. Ubunzima bokutya buvame ukunikezwa ngamentimitha (cm). Ukukuqonda oku ku-intshi, u-5 cm ufana no-2 intshi.
- I-N- N imele i- lymph nodes kwaye ixelela ukuba i-tumor isasazeke kwi-lymph nodes, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ikude kangakanani ne-tumor.
- I-M- M imele i- metastasis , oko kukuthi, ukusasazeka kwe-tumor kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Kutheni i-Stage ibalulekile
I-TNM isisitoreji sinceda oogqirha baqonde indlela enkulu yomhlaza kwaye, ngoko ke, zeziphi ukhetho olungcono kunyango lomhlaza. Inokukunceda ukuqikelela ukuba yiyiphi indlela yokuhlaziya isistim somntu onomdlavuza wemiphunga.
I-TNM isiteji isekelwe kwidatha yomhlaba wonke ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kumawaka abantu kwaye uthelekisa ubukhulu bomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngeempendulo zonyango kunye nokuxela.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukugxekwa komhlaza wemiphunga ohamba ngaphaya kwesigaba.
Impilo yakho jikelele, uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza womphunga unayo, nokuba ngaba awukho "ugugu" lweentsholongwane zentsholongwane yakho, kwaye nokuba ubulili bakho bunokudlala indima kwindlela unyango oluza kusebenza ngayo kuwe kunye nantoni na yakho yokugxekwa. .
Ukuxhatshazwa kweTTM
Uya kuphawula ukuba iileta zakho ze-TNM ziya kuba neenombolo ezizilandelayo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zithini iinombolo ezahlukeneyo:
I-T - Tumor Size
- I-Tx - Ubungakanani besisu abuyazi, okanye iiseli zomhlaza zitholakala kuphela kwi- sputum .
- I-T0 - Akukho bukho ubungqina be-tumor yokuqala.
- I-Tis - I- Carcinoma in situ - I-tumor ikhona kuphela kwiiseli ezidibanisa kwindlela yokuhamba kwange-moya kwaye ayifakwanga kwizicubu eziseduze.
- I-T1 - Izigulane ngaphantsi okanye zilingana no-3 cm (1½½ intshi).
- I-T1a - Ingaphantsi okanye ilingana no-2 cm.
- I-T1b - Inkulu kune-2 cm kodwa ingaphantsi okanye ilingana no-3 cm.
- I-T2 - I-tumor inkulu kune-3 cm kodwa ingaphantsi kwama-7 cm. Iimvumi ze-T2 zingavimba inxalenye yendlela yokuhamba, kodwa ayizange ibangele i-pneumonia okanye ibangele ukuba imiphunga iwele ( atelectasis ). Basenokwenzeka ukuba basasaze kwiindawo zokujikeleza emiphakeni. Zingaba zi kufuphi ne- bronchus eyona nto kodwa ubuncinane ubuncinane i-2 cm (malunga ne intshi) kude nommandla apho i-bronchus ihlukana ukuya kwimiphunga nganye.
- I-T2a - Inkulu kune-3 cm kodwa ingaphantsi okanye ilingana no-5 cm.
- I-T2b - Inkulu kune-5 cm kodwa ingaphantsi okanye ilingana no-7 cm.
- I-T3 - Amathumba amakhulu kunama-7 cm, okanye ngaphantsi kwe-7 cm kodwa nge-nodule ehlukile kwi-lobe efanayo. Iimvumi ze-T3 zibandakanya nezicubu ezingaphantsi kwe-7 cm kodwa zingena kumgca wempumphu ( pleura ), udonga lwesifuba, isithsaba , i-bronchus eyintloko, okanye ilala ngaphakathi kwe-2 cm kwindawo apho i-bronchus ihlukana ukuya emiphakeni . I-tumor ikwahlulwa njenge-T3 ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-7 cm kodwa ihambelana ne-pneumonia okanye ukuwa kwempompo yonke.
- I-T4 - I-tumor yaluphi na ubukhulu, kodwa ngesinye isigulane kwi-lobe eyahlukileyo kwicala elifanayo lomzimba, okanye i-tumor ehlasela izakhiwo kwisifuba esinjengentliziyo, imithwalo yegazi emikhulu kufuphi nentliziyo, i- trachea , ephindaphindiweyo i-nerryal nervous (nerve kufuphi ne-trachea), i- mediastinum (isikhala phakathi kwemiphunga), isopha , okanye indawo apho i-bronchus eyona nto ihlula ukuhamba kwimipuphu emibini.
N - Ukubandakanywa kwamaLymph Nodes
- N0 - Akukho nodes ezibandakanyekayo.
- I-N1 - I-tumor isasazeke kwiindawo ezikufutshane kwicala elifanayo lomzimba.
- I-N2 - I-tumor isasazeke kwiindawo ezikude kodwa ngaphandle kwelinye icala.
- I-N3 - I-tumor isasazeke kwii-lymph nodes ngaphesheya kwesifuba esivela kwisifo sokuqala, okanye isasazeka kwiindawo ezikufutshane ne-collarbone okanye imisipha yentamo.
M - Metastasis (Spread) kwezinye iindawo
- M0 - I-tumor ayizange isasaze kwiindawo ezikude.
- M1
- I-M1a - I-tumor iye yasasazeka kumpompo ochaseneyo, kumgca wamaphaphu ( i-effusion embi yomsindo ) okanye iyenze i-nodules kwi-pleura.
- I-M1b - I-tumor isasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, njengengqondo okanye amathambo.
Uthelekiso lweeNgqungquthela zeLung Cancer kunye ne-TNM Staging
Uninzi lwabantu luyazi kakuhle izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunokuba zineziphumo ze-TNM. Nasi ukuthelekiswa kwamanqanaba omhlaza wamaphaphu kunye nesiteji se-TNM:
- TisN0M0
- Isigaba 1A I-Cancer Lung
- T1aN0M0
- T1bN0M0
- Isigaba 1B I-Cancer Cancer
- T2aN0M0
- Isigaba 2A I-Cancer Cancer
- T1aN1M0
- T1bN0M0
- T2aN1M0
- Isigaba 2B Umhlaza weLung
- T2bN0M0
- T2bN1M0
- T3N0M0
- Isigaba 3A I-Cancer Lung Cancer
- T3N1M0
- T4N0M0
- T4N1M0
- T1N2M0
- T2N2M0
- T3N2M0
- Isigaba 3B I-Cancer Cancer
- T1N3M0
- T2N3M0
- T3N3M0
- T4N2M0
- T4N3M0
- Nayiphi na iT, nayiphina i-N, M1a
- Naluphina T, nayiphina i-N, M1b
Utsha ngokuchazwa ngokutsha ngeCyrus Cancer
Ukuba ufumaniswe nje ngomhlaza wemiphunga , mhlawumbi uvakalelwa ukwesaba kwaye ugxininiswe. Usenokuba uvile ukuba ukwazi ngokubanzi ngomhlaza wakho kunokuphucula iziphumo, kodwa unokwenza njani ukuba yonke into ibonakala ibhalwe ngolwimi lwangaphandle?
Thatha ixesha lokuzifundisa. Thetha ugqirha uze ubuze imibuzo eninzi. Funda malunga nendlela yokufumana ulwazi olungumhlaza lomnatha kwi-intanethi . Abantu abaninzi abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bacinga ukufumana umbono wesibini, kwaye oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Kudla ngokucetyiswa ukuba wenze le ngongoma yesibini kwenye yeyona nkampani enkulu yeCancercer Institute-izikhungo zomhlaza ezikhethiweyo apho kukho amathuba okuba u-oncologists onokuzikhethela uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza wemiphunga. Kwakhona, ukuba unomdlavuza omninzi wesifo somnxeba, qiniseka ukuba ugqirha wakho uye wayala iprofayile yesalathisi (ukufayilila kwimizimba) .
Qinisekisa ukuba ube ngummeli wakho kumnonophelo wakho womhlaza. Ukwenza oku, kunokuba luncedo ukuba uxhumeke kumphakathi wesifo somdlavuza kwi-intanethi (i-hashtag yi-#LCSM). Ezi ndawo zithengi nje inkxaso kodwa zingakunceda ufunde kwaye uhamba ngendlela yakho ngokusebenzisa ubuninzi bezinto ozikhethayo.
Uninzi lwazo zonke, xhoma kwithemba. Uphuhliso lomdlavuza wamaphaphu luya kuphucula, kwaye iirhafu zokuphila ziphucuka ngokunjalo. Kukho iindlela ezintsha zonyango ezivunyiweyo kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kunamashumi eminyaka ngaphambili.
> Imithombo:
> Edge, S. et al (Eds.). Umqulu we-AJCC weScanscer Staging Manual. I-7 Edition. Springer. ENew York, NY. 2010.
> INational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweNtsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yeeLungile (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Ukuhlaziywa 03/31/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all
> Nicholson, A., Chansky, K., Crowley, J. et al. I-International Association for Study of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Staging Project: Iziphakamiso zokuhlaziywa kweCatalical and Pathologic Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer kwiNgqungquthela yeshumi elinesibini ye-TNM. Umbhalo we-Thoracic Oncology . 2016. 11 (3): 300-11.
> Rami-Porta, R., Crowley, J., kunye nePP. Goldstraw. I-TNM Staging System yoHlelo lweChunge lomhlaza . Ama-Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery . 2009. I-Vol 12, akukho 1.