I-esophagus iyisitampu esingenasiphelo, esisisigxina esithwala ukutya kunye neengxube ezisuka emqaleni ukuya kwisisu. I-esophagus iyagijima phakathi kwendawo yesifuba, indawo ebizwa ngokuba yi- mediastinum . Yintoni na isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi, kwaye zeziphi iimeko zonyango ezinokuchaphazela i-oopopus?
Ulwakhiwo
I-esophagus iqala emqaleni (pharynx) kwaye ihamba ukuya kwisisu, idlula ngesangqa esendleleni.
Ubude buqhelekile malunga no-25 cm (9 ukuya kwele-10 intshi) kubantu abadala. Iyadlula emva kwe-trachea (i-windpipe) kunye nangaphambi komgudu.
Kukho ii-sphincters ezi-2 (iindawo ezingavulwa kwaye zivaliwe) kwi-oopopus.
- I- sphincter ephezulu ye-esophageal (UES) iphantsi kokuzithandela kunye nokulawulwa ngokungathintekiyo. Isebenza ukukhusela ukutya kunye neengxube ekungeneni i-windpipe (trachea,) ngamanye amazwi, kuvimbela ukutya "ekuhlahleni ngendlela engafanelekanga" (ifuna.) I-IUS ingavulelwa kwaye ivalwe ngokugqithiseleyo, njengokuba ngexesha lokugquma, ukuginya nokuhlanza .
- I-sphincter esezantsi (i-LES) ayikho phantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo kwaye isebenza ukukhusela isisu esiswini ukuba singene kwi-esophagus. Utywala, kwakunye neendidi eziliqela zemithi yokugonywa kweemithi, kunokubangela ukuphumla kwe-LES ekhokelela ekuhlaleni.
Umsebenzi
I-esophag isebenza ukudlulisa ukutya kunye notywala emlonyeni ukuya kwisisu. Oku kufezwa ngamaxesha athile (i-peristalsis) endaweni yendalo.
Ngokuhlanza, ezi zincithakalo ziguqulwa, zivumela ukuba isisu se-intanethi sibuyiselwe emlonyeni ukuze siphose.
Iimeko Zonyango
Kukho imeko ezininzi zezokwelapha ezinokuthi zenzeke kwisigxina. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- I-reflux ye-Gastroesophageal (GERD)
- Ukuguquka komlilo - Ukutshatyalaliswa komlilo kubhekisela kwintlungu evuthayo abantu abaninzi baye bafumana esifubeni nasesisu esiswini emva kwesidlo esinzima. Ukuguquka kwesifo esingapheliyo akusiyo into ekuthintela ngayo, njengoko umonakalo kwisifo segciwane ngumngcipheko wohlobo olulodwa lomhlaza wesisu.
- I-esophagitis (ukuvuvukala kwesisu) - I-esophagus inokutsha ngenxa ye-acid yokuvuselelwa kwisisu, ukususela kwiintsholongwane, okanye kumonakalo wesibini ukuya kwipilisi ye-radiation esinikezwa esifubeni.
- Isisindo sikaBarrett - isisu seBarrett "ukuguqulwa kwamanzi" kwimizimba yesikhumba esele igalelwe i-GERD. Ukuba unesiGERD esingapheliyo ngeempawu zokubhukuda, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma uvavanyo ukuba uhlolisise isifo sikaBarrett. Ukuba utshintsho luye lwaphawulwa, unyango olungaphezulu lunokucingelwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesifo sengqondo kwixesha elizayo.
- Umhlaza we-Esophageal - Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza ngumhlaza onomlinganiselo osindayo wokusinda. Kukho iintlobo ezi-2 eziphambili zalo mhlaza. Olunye uhlobo, umdlavuza we-squamous cell esophageal, kucatshangelwa ukuba luhambelana nomlando wokubhema obunzima nokusela. Olunye uhlobo, i-adenocarcinoma i-esophageal idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubantu abanomdla wokukhawuleza.
- Iinyembezi ze-Mallory-Weiss - Ezi ziinyembezi ezinzulu ze-esopha edlalwa ngamanye amaxesha.
- Izilwanyana ezisisigxina - Ezi ngundoqo "izilonda ze-varicose" ezibandakanya iimvini zesifo esivame ukuxubusha ngokuqhelekileyo nge-cirrhosis yesibindi.
- I-Achalasia - I-Achalasia yimeko apho i-esophagus esezantsi ingaphumuli, ikhusele ukutya ekudluleleni kwisisu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Yintoni iCancer ye-Esophagus? Ukuhlaziywa 06/14/17. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophaguscancer/detailedguide/esophagus-cancer-hat-is-cancer-of-esophagus
> Ilayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. MedlinePlus. Ukuphazamiseka Kwemisipha. Ukuhlaziywa nge- 12/06/17. https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html