Yintoni ngokwenene unyango lweproton ye- cancer yomphunga ? Luhlobo luni lweyonyango olusetyenziswayo, zeziphi iingenelo kunye neenzuzo ezinxulumene namanye amachiza, kwaye zeziphi iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo?
Uphi unyango lweproton?
Ingaphezu kwesiqingatha sabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banalo uhlobo oluthile lolwaphulo lwe-radiation olunjengeliphulo lonyango lweproton ngexesha lohambo lwabo. Ulwaphulo oluqhelekileyo lwamayeza lusebenza ngokunikela amandla aphezulu x-rays kwi-tumor. Ngokwahlukileyo, unyango lweproton ye-proton yinkqubo ehambisa amandla ngendlela yeeponon (iincinci ezichasayo ngokuqinisekileyo) kwindawo yesikhumba ekutshatyalaliswa.
I-accelerator isetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa amandla afunekayo ukuvelisa ezi zikhuni. Ngenxa yeendleko kunye neendawo ezifunekayo ukwenzela ukuba i-acceleration ye-particle, iindawo ezincinci zamanomhlaza zinikela ngonyango e-United States nakwihlabathi jikelele.
Usebenza njani Ngonyango lweProton?
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, unyango lweproton lwe-proton lusebenza ngokubethelela i-tumor ngokuchanekileyo ngeengqungquthela ezibizwa ngokuba yi-proton. Iiponononi zenza umonakalo kwizinto eziphathekayo zomzimba zesifo somhlaza kwisisu, okubangelwa ukufa kweeseli zomhlaza.
Ifom yakamuva yonyango lweproton, eyaziwa njengophawu lokubhenqa kwepencil, isebenzisa ukutshekisha kwendawo ukuze ithumele imilambo yeeponononi emva nangemva kwe-tumor.
Unyango lweProton Beam luhluke njani kwindlela yokwelashwa kwamayeza?
Iingcali zonyango eziqhelekileyo kunye nonyango lweproton zonyango zimiselwe kwaye zilawulwa yi-oncologist ye-radiation, ingcali yomhlaza ejolise kunyango lomhlaza.
Ngokuchasene neyeza eziqhelekileyo zonyango, unyango lwe-proton lwesigxina lugxile kwindawo echanekileyo yesikhumba. Olu thulo lugxininiseli aluvumelekanga kuphela inani elongezelelweyo lemirhumo ukuze lisetyenziswe kodwa lenza umonakalo omncinci kumathambo angasemdlavuza. Ukulimala kwezicubu ezinempilo ecaleni kweso sifo kubangela ezininzi kwimiphumo emibi, kubandakanye nemiphumo emibi yexesha elide njengophuhliso lweekliniki zesibini (iisomhlaza ezibangelwa unyango lomhlaza wokuqala).
Enye yeenzuzo ezintle zonyango lweproton liyakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kwiimvumi ezikufutshane nezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo, ezinokukwenza ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka okanye akunakwenzeka. Ulwaphulo lwe-proton lwentambo lungasetyenziselwa abo banokufumana inzuzo yonyango lwamayeza kodwa sele befumene imisebe eqhelekileyo.
Uphi I-Proton Beam Therapy Eyasetyenziselwa I-Cancer Lung?
Kukho izizathu ezimbalwa ezahlukileyo zokuba kutheni unyango lweproton lungenconywa kulabo abanomdlavuza wemiphunga. Ngomdlavuza wesifo somhlaza wamandulo , ongenakuphathwa unyango lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, unyango lweproton ye-proton lunokukhetha.
I-tumor yepomphu ayinakusebenza ngenxa yendawo yomdlavuza kufuphi neendlela ezibalulekileyo, okanye ngenxa yeemeko zonyango ezenza ukuhlinzwa kunobungozi. Kule meko, unyango oluthile olubizwa ngokuba yi- stereotactic body body radiotherapy (SBRT) lungasetyenziswa kwakhona. Zombini zezi nkqubo zibonelela ngexabiso eliphezulu lemitha kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neendawo ezihlala kuyo. Ubomi bobabini bonyango lweproton kunye neSBRT lunokusetyenziswa kunye nenjongo yokunyanga.
Ukwelashwa kwe-proton ye-prory ingaba yindlela yokukhetha abantu abaye baphinda bafumana umdlavuza wamaphaphu kodwa sele sele benamayeza omzimba.
I-proton yonyango ye-proton ayidla ngokucetyiswa kubantu abanomdlavuza ophezulu wamaphaphu , njengesigaba se-3B kunye neengcambu ze-4 zesigaba. Njengokuhlinzwa, i-cancer ephakamileyo yamaphaphu ivame ukuphathwa kangcono kunye nezinye iindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-chemotherapy, imithi ejoliswe kuyo, okanye i- immunotherapy .
Iimiphumo eziPhakathi kunye neengxaki
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lomhlaza, iziphumo zecala zingenzeka. Uninzi lwemiphumo emibi ifana nemiphumo emibi yonyango oluqhelekileyo kunye nokuquka:
- Ubomvu kwesikhumba sesifuba (i-radiation dermatitis.)
- Ukukhathala.
- I-radiation pneumonitis: I- radiation pneumonitis ibhekisela ekuvukeni kwemiphunga ephathelele unyango. Iyakhathazeka kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo nge-steroids) kodwa kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela wakho malunga naluphi na ukukhwehlela, utshintsho ekuphefumla kwakho, okanye ukuphefumla okufutshane ukuze uvavanyo lukwenziwa.
- Ukulahleka kweenwele ezingapheliyo esifubeni.
Imiphumo emibi yexesha elide kunye neengxaki zonyango lweproton ayibonakali ngokucacileyo njengoko unyango olutsha lufaniswa nezinye iintlobo zonyango lwamayeza. Imiphumo emibi yexesha elide yonyango le-radiation kwisifuba singabandakanya i-pulmonary fibrosis (ukunqandwa kwemiphunga eqala njengemitha ye-pneumonitis engashiywanga ingathatyathwa), isifo somhlaza (sibangela umhlaza obangelwa umonakalo wezinto eziphilayo kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo unyango), kwaye isifo senhliziyo (kubandakanywa nesifo se-valves, isifo se-coronary disease, i-cardiomyopathy, kunye nesimo sengqondo esingaqhelekanga) xa i-radiation inikwa kwicala lasekhohlo lesifuba. Kule ngcamango, le micimbi ifanele ibe yinto engaphantsi kuneyonyango ye-radiation ngenxa yokunciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kungekudala ukuba ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo.
Ngonyango jikelele we-radiation yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukutshaya kungenza ukuba unyango lube lusebenza kangangoko kwaye lwandise imiphumo emihle. Ulwaphulo lwe-proton lwesibonda lunokuchaphazeleka ngokutshaya. Ukuba utshaya, qiniseka ukuba ufunde ngezizathu zokuthi ukuyeka ukutshaya kubalulekile emva kokuxilongwa komhlaza .
Ukuba ne-Proton Beam Therapy-Ukulungiselela, ixesha, nokulandela
Ulwaphulo lwe-proton lwesibindi lunikwa imihla ngemihla ngemihla yeveki malunga no-30 ukutyelela. Inani lokutyelela lingaba lide okanye lifutshane kuncike kumhlaza wakho.
Ngaphambi kokuba unyango lweprotoni luqaliswe, uza kuba nokuqokwa kwamalungiselelo kunye ne-radiation oncologists. Imilinganiselo yenziwe ngeendlela ezifana ne-CT scan ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo indawo ekufuneka ichithwe.
Kufuneka uceba ufike kwiyure nganye yokutyelela, nangona unyango lwamayeza ngokwawo luthatha ixesha elifutshane nje. Uyakucelwa ukuba unqandwe phantsi kwaye uza kufakwa kwisixhobo esifanelekileyo kwisibindi sakho. Esi sixhobo siya kwenziwa ngexesha lokuqokwa kwakho kokuqala.
Emva kokuba ugqibe zonke zakho unyango, uya kulandelelana ne-oncologist yakho yezokwelapha. Ukutshekishwa kokulandelwa kweso sihlandlo kuya kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba iproton yonyango isebenze kakuhle. Iingcamango zenziwa kwakhona ngelixa ufumana unyango lwakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ezimbi.
Imibuzo Yokubuza I-Radiation Oncologist
Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda kakuhle unyango lweproton kunye nokugqiba ukuba kulungile yini kuwe, kunceda ukuba uluhlu lwemibandela njengoko uxoxisana ne-radiation yakho ye-oncologists. Ezi ziquka:
- Kutheni ucebisa le nyango?
- Ingaba kukho naziphi iindlela zonyango ezinokuthi ziphumelele?
- Iyintoni indleko yonyango? Ingaba i-inshorensi iya kugqitywa kwam unyango okanye ngaba ndiza kuphuma kwiindleko zesikhwama?
- Zingaphi unyango oluya kufuneka ndibe nalo lonke? Ngoba?
- Ukuba kufuneka uhambe unyango lwakho, cela umhlengikazi wakho we-oncology okanye omnye umqeqeshi kwisikhululo somhlaza wakho ukuba zeziphi iinketho zokulala ezikhoyo. Amanye amaziko omhlaza, afana neKliniki yaseMayo e-Rochester, eMinnesota, afaka iindleko ezincitshisiwe okanye zikhululekile.
- Ziziphi iimpembelelo endingazilindela?
- Ziziphi ezinye izigulane zakho ezibhekiselele kunyango lwabo?
- Bangaphi abantu oye waphatha ngayo unyango lweproton?
- Unokufisa nokubuza i-oncologist yakho yezokwelapha yintoni unyango oluya kuphakanyiswa ngokulandelayo ukuba unyango lweproton lube lusebenza.
ILizwi
Ukwelashwa kwe-proton kwiprogram entsha yonyango engasetyenziselwa abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wemiphunga. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwisigaba esingaphantsi komncinci wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu, okungenzeka sinyango, kodwa kwindawo elukhuni ukufikelela ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuhlinzwa okanye ukuba umntu onempilo yonyango ephakamisa umngcipheko wokuhlinzwa.
Umphumo oqhelekileyo ochaphazelekayo ukhathala, kodwa uvakalelwa ukuba iziphumo ezibi ziza kuba zibekezeleke ngakumbi kunokuba unyango lwamayeza oluqhelekileyo, ngakumbi ngeendlela ezintsha zonyango lweproton njenge-scanning beam pencil.
Ekubeni kunenani elincinci le mimandla apho le nkqubo inokwenziwa khona, kunokuba nzima kubantu abathile abahlala kude nala maziko, ngakumbi xa unyango lufunekayo kwiiveki ezininzi.
Ngexesha langoku, kukho ukuphikisana malunga nenzuzo yangempela yonyango lweproton eyinikwe iindleko. Ukwelashwa kweprojekthi ye-proton inokubangela ubuncinane ubuncinane ngokuphindaphindiweyo kabini njengonyango oluqhelekileyo lwezonyango, kunye neendleko zezindlu, ukuhamba, kunye nexesha lokusebenza emsebenzini kwabo bafanele bahambe banokuphakama. Cinga zonke iinkalo zonyango ngaphambi kokukhetha enye efanelekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Diwangi, T., Mohindra, P., Vyfhuis, M. et al. Uphuhliso lwee-Radiotherapy Techniques kunye nokuhanjiswa kweNcinci ye-Lung ye-Cell engeyona encinci: IiNzuzo zoPhulo lweMitha yoLwabiwo-mandla, i-Proton Therapy, ne-Body Stereotactic Radiation. Uphando lweLung Cancer Research . 2017. 6 (2): 131-147.
> Mohan, R., noD. Grosshans. Iprotro Therapy- Ekhoyo kunye neKamva. UkuPhathwa kweziMveliso eziPhambili . 2017. 109: 26-44.