Unyango kunye neNtsholongwane Xa umdlavuza weLung ufika emva
Mhlawumbi into eyodwa yokuphazamiseka komhlaba kunokuva ukuba unomhlaza kukuba uve ukuba umhlaza wakho wamaphaphu uphinde uqhubeke. Ngelishwa, ukuphindaphinda umdlavuza wamaphaphu - kunye neengcambu ezihlanjululwayo kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo - liqhele kakhulu, nangona unyango olukhoyo okwangoku. Yintoni oyifunayo ukuba umhlaza wakho wemiphunga uphinde ubuye?
Sibanzi
Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe ngokuphindaphinda, kunceda ukucacisa oko sikuthethayo.
Ukuphindaphindwa komhlaza kuchazwa njengomhlaza obuyelayo (ubuya kwakhona) emva kokunyanga kwaye emva kwexesha ( ukuxolelwa ) apho kungekho bungqina bomhlaza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintsholongwane ezitholakala kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuxilongwa kwangaphambili zibhekwa njengengqubela yomhlaza.
Ukuphindaphinda kungachazwa ngakumbi apho kwenzeka khona:
- Wengingqi - Yilapho umhlaza uphindela kwimpompo, kufuphi ne-tumor yokuqala.
- Ummandla - Xa umhlaza uphindaphinda kwi- lymph nodes kufuphi ne-tumor yokuqala.
- Ukude - Xa umhlaza wemiphunga uphindaphinda kwiisayithi ezifana namathambo, ingqondo, izigulane ze-adrenal okanye isibindi.
Ithuba lokuba umhlaza wamaphaphu uza kuphinda uxhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanya uhlobo lomhlaza wamaphaphu , isigaba somhlaza wemiphunga apho kufunyanwa khona, kwaye unyango lomhlaza wokuqala.
Uninzi lwamanomdla emaphaphu aphinda abuyele njalo kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala emva kokuxilongwa. Oko kwathiwa, umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda awuyi kubuya kwi-zero.
Olunye uphando olwalandela umdlavuza womhlaza weminyaka emi-5 lufumene ukuba ama-87 ekhulwini ayenze enye iminyaka emihlanu engenomdlavuza.
Izizathu
Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga , njengokwenziwa ngonyango kunye nokunyanga kwamayeza, kuthathwa njengonyango lwengingqi-oko kukuthi, baphatha umdlavuza okhoyo kufuphi nesiza se-tumor yokuqala. Ngamanye amaxesha iiseli ezivela kwi-tumor yokuqala zandwendwela nge-bloodstream okanye i-lymphatic channels ukuya kwiindawo ezikude, kodwa iiseli zincinci ukuba zifumaneke ngovavanyo lwe-radiological.
I-Chemotherapy yenzelwe ukunyanga iiseli zomhlaza ezingasasazeka kule ndlela. Ngokudabukisayo, kunye ne-chemotherapy, iiseli zingaphila kwaye ziqala ukukhula emva komhla.
Iimpawu
Izibonakaliso zokuphindaphinda komdlavuza wamaphaphu ziya kuxhomekeka apho umhlaza uphindaphinda khona. Ukuba kukho ukuphindaphinda kwendawo, okanye kwi-lymph node kufuphi ne-tumor yokuqala, iimpawu zingabandakanya ukukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela igazi, ukuphefumula , ukuphefumula , okanye ukuphefumula . Izidumbu eziqhubekayo ebuchosheni zingabangela ukungcola, ukunciphisa okanye ukumbona kabini, ubuthathaka kwicala elinye lomzimba, okanye ukulahlekelwa koxanduva. Izibilini esesibindi zingabangela intlungu yesisu, i-jaundice (i-yellow-discoloration yelinen), ukubetha okanye ukudideka. Ukuphindaphinda kwamathambo ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala ngeentlungu ezinzulu esifubeni, emva, emahlombe, okanye kwimida. Izimpawu ezingaphezulu, ezifana nokukhathala kunye nokulahlekelwa kwexabiso lokungazinzi , zingabonakalisa ukuphindaphinda.
Unyango
Ukunyanga ukuphindaphindwa komhlaza wamaphaphu kuya kuxhomekeka kwisayithi apho umhlaza uphindaphinda. Emva kokuba umhlaza wemiphunga uphinde uphucule, akukho ncinane ithuba lokuba uhlamba luphiliswe. Oko kwathiwa, unyango lunokufumaneka olwenzela ukwandisa ukusinda nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Unyango olunokwenzeka luquka:
Ugqirha - Ukuvuthwa akuqhelekanga kusetyenziswe ukunyanga komdlavuza wemiphunga, kodwa kunokusetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko ukuphatha ukuphindaphinda kwendawo okanye ukuphatha izicubu ezingekho emcimbini okanye esibindi.
Ulwaphulo lwe-Radiation Therapy - Ukusetyenziswa kwonyango lwe-radiation kungancinci ukuba unikwe unyango lwe-radiation yangaphambili. Indlela elula yokucinga ngale nto kukuba kukho umthamo wexesha lokuphila wonyango oza kuthunyelwa kwindawo ethile. Sekunjalo nangona usuphi unyango lwe-radiation ngaphambili, ngamanye amaxesha kusetshenziselwa ukuphathwa ngokuphindaphinda ngokusebenzisa i-dose encinci.
I-Chemotherapy - I-Chemotherapy ngokuqhelekileyo iyona nto yonyango yokunyanga komdlavuza wemiphunga. Oko kwathiwa, i-chemotherapy ekhethiweyo iyahluke kakhulu kunokhemotherapy esasetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-tumor. Iinguqu ze-Genetic zihlala zivela kwiimvumi eziphindaphindiweyo, ezenza zichasene neziyobisi zamakhemikhali asetyenziswa ngaphambili.
Ulwaphulo olujolisweyo - Iimpawu zonyango zihlala zinceda abantu abanomdlavuza ophezulu wamaphaphu abanokuguqulwa kwe-EGFR , umdlavuza we-ALK-positive okanye umhlaza womphunga we- ROS1 .
I-Immunotherapy - Ngo-2015, imishanguzo emitsha ye- immunotherapy e- 2 yavunywa ukunyangwa komhlaza wemiphunga. Nangona la mayeza ayisebenzi kuwo wonke umntu, kubantu abathile ezi zonyango ziye zaphumela ekulawuleni ixesha elide lomhlaza womphunga obuye waphinda.
I-Metastatectomy - Xa iindawo ezimbalwa zomhlaza womphunga zisasazeka kwingqondo okanye isibindi-into ebizwa ngokuthi "i-oligometastase" - le mimandla ingasuswa ngenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi- radiotherapy yomzimba okanye i-SBRT . Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusebenzisa umthamo ophezulu wezaziso kummandla omncinci (apho i-metastasis ikhona khona) kwaye ibangele ukulawula ixesha elide lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabanye abantu.
Izilingo zeKlinikhi - Emva kokuba umhlaza wemiphunga uphindaphinda, ngokuqhelekileyo kwinqanaba le-4. Ngokutsho kweNational Cancer Institute, abantu abane-stage 4 yomhlaza wamaphaphu kufuneka baqwalasele iimvavanyo zonyango njengonyango lomhlaza wabo. Funda kabanzi malunga novavanyo lweeklinikhi kunye nendlela yokufumana iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ngomhlaza wemiphunga.
Prognosis
Ukuxelwa komhlaza womhlaza wamaphaphu kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanya indawo yokuphindaphinda, uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga, impilo yakho jikelele kunye nezo kunyango ezikhethiweyo ukunyanga ukuphindaphinda. Nangona ukuphindaphinda ngokuqinisekileyo kunciphisa ixesha elilindelekileyo lobomi bomhlaza nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, abanye abantu baphila ngobomi obuhle kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokuphindaphinda.
Ukujamelana
Ukunyamezela ukuphindaphindwa komhlaza kunzima, njengoko zonke iimvakalelo ezaza kunye nokuxilongwa kwangaphambili komhlaza zivusa. Buza imibuzo. Thetha ngeendlela . Gcina ndawonye inethiwekhi yakho yokuxhaswa yabathandekayo nabahlobo.
> Imithombo:
> Maeda, R. et al. IsiPhumo sexesha elide kunye nokuphindaphinda kwexesha kwixesha elide kwizigulane ezineSigaba esipheleleyo 1AI-Cancer encane ye-Lung Cancer. Umbhalo we-Thoracic Oncology . 2010. 5 (8): 1246-50.
> INational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweNtsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yeeLungile (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all