Iimpawu zeNodules zifumaneka njani kwi-CT's Cancerous?
Xa ukukhangela umdlavuza wemiphunga kutyhila i-nodule, yintoni amathuba okuba ngumhlaza?
Ukufika komhlaza wesifo somhlaza kumathuba okugcina ubomi abaninzi. Kodwa njengokuba kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi, zidla ngokuba "izinto ezingamanga" into efunyaniswayo ukuba emva koko iya kuba yinto. Ziziphi iingxaki ukuba i-nodule efunyenwe kwisicatshulwa ngumhlaza ( awunobungozi ) kwaye kaninzi kangakanani iigununu kunokuba unobungozi (ongenomdlavuza?)
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthetha malunga noko kuthethwa ngophenyo lomhlaza wamaphaphu, kwakunye neenombolo ezimbalwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sengculazi kunye nezibalo
Kwixesha elide, sithembele ukuvavanya ukuhlolwa komhlaza wemiphunga. Emva koko, sinomdla wokujonga umdlavuza webele, i- pap smears ukujonga umdlavuza wesibeleko, kunye nekolonoscopies ukukhangela umdlavuza wekoloni. Isizathu silula. Ngokuqhelekileyo (kodwa kungekho rhoqo) iisomdla zonyango ziyakhathazeka kakhulu kwiinqanaba zokuqala zesifo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo kuyinyaniso yomhlaza wamaphaphu. Isilinganiso sokusindisa abantu abanomdlavuza wemiphunga kumanqanaba angama-60 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini. Oku kuhla kweepesenti ezingaphantsi kwe-10 kulabo bafunyaniswa nesigaba 4 sesifo. Ngelishwa, ama-40 ekhulwini aphezulu abantu sele benomdla wesifo somhlaza wesi-4 (metastatic) ngomhlaza ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Isigaba sesi-4 sithetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude okanye enye imiphunga, kwaye ke, ayikwazi ukusebenza . Ukuqwalasela ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga uyona nto ibangela ukufa ngenxa yamadoda nabasetyhini eUnited States yinkathazo enkulu.
Iindlela eziphumelelayo ze-CT Scans?
Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ngoku sinokuhlolwa kokuhlola. Uvavanyo lwe-National Lung Screening Trial lufumene ukuba ukuhlolwa kwe-CT (i-low-dose CT) yanciphisa izinga lokufa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngama- 20 ekhulwini xa abantu abathile bezama ukuhlola i-CT . Oku kuquka abantu aba:
- Ngaba phakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-74
- Banobuncinane imbali ye -pack pack ye- 30 yokubhema, kwaye
- Qhubeka utshaya, okanye uyeke ukuyeka kwiminyaka eyi-15 edluleyo.
Xa ubala amanani, iipesenti ezi-6 kuphela zabantu zidibana nezikhokelo zesikhokelo, kodwa isiqalo. Kwaye okokuqala kuvela iingxaki ezimbalwa. Xa i-nodule ibonakala kwi-screening - kwaye yinto evamile - yintoni ithuba lokuba ngumhlaza?
Okokuqala, kunceda ukuqonda indlela eqhelekileyo ngayo ukufumana iigununu kwiimvavanyo ze-CT test screening. Ukufumana ukungaqhelekanga kwi-x-ray okanye kwi-CT yesifuba akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza. Enyanisweni, kunokwenzeka ukuba yinto enye into - into ongeke uyayiqonda ngayo kwaye ayikuze ikukhathaze ukuba awuzange ube ne-scan.
Ziyayimfuneko kangakanani na i-Nodules ye-Lung kubantu abahlolwe i-Cancer?
Ekubeni i-CT yokuhlola iyingqungquthela, asikwazi ngokucacileyo ukuba iifutshane eziqhelekileyo ziphi. Uqikelelo lufumene ukuba ubuncinane abantu abangama- 20 ekhulwini (abantu abaye bahlolwe ngokusekelwe kwizikhokelo ezingentla) ubuncinane ubuncinane bodwa obufuna iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu. Nanku kubalulekile ukwenza ukwahlula phakathi kwento eyenziwa yi-radiologist ekuthiwa yi-mass and what she refers to as a nodule. Ubunzima bubhekisela kumgangatho ongaphezu kwe-3 cm (malunga no-1/2 intshi) ububanzi.
Iigama-ntshukumo zisetyenziselwa ukuchaza okungaqhelekanga ngaphantsi kwe-3 cm ngobukhulu.
Ngamaxesha amaninzi ama-Nodules aPulmonary Founded On Screening Cancerous?
Ngoko ukuba ufumene olo dyoyiko, oya kuthi ugqirha wakho athi " sifumene nesigxina kwi-CT yakho yokuhlola ," ufanele ukhathazeke njani?
Icandelo le-National Lung Cancer Screening, eliphakathi kwe-1 ne-4 ekhulwini labantu bafuna ukuvavanywa okungahambiyo ukulandela i-CT scans. Phakathi kwabo babethotywe, iipesenti ezingama-25 zeendununu zazingabonakali.
Ukujonga ngale ndlela eyahlukileyo, abaphandi abavanya ukuvavanya kwangoko bajonga abantu kwizifundo ezihlukeneyo ezi-2.
Kwelinye lala (i-Pan-American Detection ye-Lung Cancer Study (iPanCan,) i-nodule 7008 yafunyanwa phakathi kwabantu abangu-1871. Kwalawa ma-102 babesifo somhlaza.Kwelinye (i-British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) zafunyanwa ngabantu abayi-1090, kunye no-42 bebuhlungu.
Ukuqhawula amanani, oku kuhla kuma- 5.5 ekhulwini labantu ekufundeni omnye kunye ne- 3.7 ekhulwini kwenye into eyayineentloko zogqirha ezaba ngumhlaza.
Kule nto, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba la manani - amathuba okuba isigulane sinomdlavuza - ngabantu abanempilweni abangenazo iimpawu abaye bahlolwa. Ubungakanani bodumo obuyingozi buyahlukahluka kubantu abanempawu. Kwakhona kukwahluka kwalabo abanesigxina se-pulmonary kwi-screening kodwa abahambelani nemigaqo echazwe ngasentla.
Ixesha elingakanani i-Nodule ngakumbi Ingaba Unomdlavuza?
Ukujonga iiphando ukuya kumhla, iigununu zamapulmoni ezifunyenwe kwi-CT yokuhlola i-TB zaziba nomhlaza xa:
- Babesesandleni sekhohlo okanye sekunene, kwaye kuncinci ukuba bangabi nxamnye ukuba bekunene okanye bekhohlo ezisezantsi, okanye kwi-lobe ephakathi.
- Kwakukho ubungqungquthela be-nodule (oku kuthetha ukuba esikhundleni sendawo engavumelekanga, i-spike ifana neendawo ezikhupha kwi-tumor,) okanye ukuba imida yayingavumelekanga.
- Ukuba bebakhulu.
- Ukuba zenzeke kubantu abadala kakhulu kunabantu abancinci.
- Ukuba umntu wayenomdla wentsapho yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Ukuba zenzeka kubasetyhini ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunamadoda.
- Ngobuninzi bebhola.
- Kubantu abanembali ye-emphysema.
- Kubantu abanamaqhuqhuva ambalwa.
Ukwengeza:
- Inxalenye yeengqungquthela eziqinileyo zinokuthi zibe nomhlaza kunamaqhoqho aqinile.
- Iigulane ezinamandla zaziba nomdlavuza kunama-nodules angagxininisi okanye iigununu ngokubonakala kwimibala yeglasi.
Yintoni i-Nodule yami Ukuba ayinayo umdlavuza?
Kukho izimbangela ezininzi zeengqungquthela ezisuka kwiintsholongwane zesifo sofuba , ukuya kwiigulane ezinxulumene ne-rheumatoid arthritis, kunye nokunye. Inqaku elilandelayo lixubusha izizathu ezinobungozi kunye nezibi zeengqungquthela ze-pulmonary .
Ukubala Ingozi
Umbala wokubala umdlavuza wamaphaphu ufumaneka kumayeza (kunye noluntu) ukuqikelela amathuba afunyaniswayo kwi-CT yokuhlola. Le Nodule Prediction Calculator yasungulwa ngokubhekiselele kuphando lwezesayensi, kodwa abantu baqatshelwa ukuba akutshintshi ingcebiso yonyango okanye unyango. Abantu abalahlayo bayacelwa ukuba bafunde ukugxininisa iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu: Akunabo bonke iigulane ezinomngcipheko ophezulu ngumhlaza, kwaye akuzona zonke iigulane eziphantsi kweengozi ezinobungozi.
Uvela Kuphi?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho unquma ukuba une-nodule ye-pulmonary okanye iigununu, kukho iindlela ezininzi anokuncoma. Ezi ziya kuxhomekeka kwizinto eziliqela eziquka umngcipheko weengxaki zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukubonakala kwe-nodule, indawo ye-nodule, kunye nokukhetha kwakho. Ezinye iinketho ziquka:
- I- PET scan
- IBronchoscopy
- Ulindile ukulinda
- I- biopsy (Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezinokuthi i-nodule ingeniswe ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yayo.)
Imithombo:
Croswell, J. et al. Iziganeko eziPhakamileyo zeZiphumo eziPhezulu eziPhambili kwi-Lung Cancer Screening: Uvavanyo oluLungeleleneyo. Amanqaku angamayeza angaphakathi . 2010. 152 (8): 505-12.
Gould, M. et al. Ukuvavanywa kwabanye abantu abaneeNodules zePulmonary: Ingaba iLung Cancer? Ukuxilongwa kunye nokuLawula i-Lung Cancer, umhla we-3: Ikholeji yaseMerika yase-Chest Physicians Izikhokelo zoLwazi oluSebenzayo lwezonyango. Esifubeni . 143 (I-Suppl 5): e93S-120S.
I-Grannis, F. Ukunciphisa i-Over-Diagnosis kwi-Lung Cancer Screening. Umbhalo we-Oncology ophandwayo . 2013 u-Agasti 26. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprintwa).
IGreenberg, A. et al. I-CT Inkcazo yokuHlola i-Lung Cancer: Izinto ezijongene nobungozi beNodules kunye nokuBulala kwiQela eliMmandla oMngcipheko. PLoS One . 2012. 7 (7): e39403.
Lederlin, M. et al. Isicwangciso soLawulo lweNkqubo yePulmonary Nodule ngo-2013. UkuCatshulwa nokuTyekiswa koNxibelelwano . 2013 Sep 11. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).
Naidich, D. et al. Iingcebiso zoLawulo lwe-Subsolidated Nodules (Pulmonary Nodules) ezifunyenwe kwi-CT: Ingxelo evela kwi-Fleisher Society. Radiology . 2013. 266 (1): 304-17.
McWilliams, A. et al. Ukungenakwenzeka kweCarcer kwi-Pulmonary Nodules Ekuqaleni efunyenwe yiSkrini. I-New England Journal of Medicine . 2013. 369: 910-191.
Iqela lePhando loPhando lweNgcali yeSizwe yeLung Cancer Screening. Ukunciphisa Ukubulawa Kweengqungqungqungqungqungqungqomane zeCarcer nge-Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening. I-New England Journal of Medicine . 2011. 365: 395-409
Wahidi, M. et al. Ubungqina bonyango lwezonyango ezine-Nodules ze-Pulmonary: Ixesha leNtsholongwane? Esifubeni . 2007. 132 (3 Suppl): 94S-107S.