Izizathu Zobungqina Bokuphanda Azingasebenzi kwaye zifumane ezinye iindlela
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uxelele ukuba umhlaza wakho wamaphaphu awunakwenzeka, oko kuthetha ukuthini oko? Siya kucacisa ukuba kutheni amaninzi emiphunga emaphaphu angasebenzi, kodwa nokuba kutheni oku akuthethi ukuba umhlaza awuphefumli okanye nokuba loo nto iphila ixesha elide ayinakwenzeka.
Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga ushintshile ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Kwaye ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulawula eso sifo nangona ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka.
Sibanzi
Enye yeemeko ezidibanisayo esiyisebenzisayo xa kuxubusha umdlavuza wamaphaphu igama elithi "lingasebenzi." Eli gama linokuba luncedo kumachiza, njengoko lunceda oogqirha ababeka abantu ngabanye kwicandelo. Ukungasebenziyo kuthetha ukuba ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu akuthathwa njengona ndlela yonyango engcono.
Nangona kunjalo, kulabo abaphila nomhlaza wemiphunga njengesigulane, la magama angabonakala ehluke ngokupheleleyo. Kusenokuba isandi nje ngegama eliqhelekileyo kwisigxina.
Nangona i-"engakwazi ukusebenza" umhlaza wamaphaphu ibenomdla ongamahlwempu kunomdlavuza ongaphazamiseka ngokuhlinzwa, ixesha elininzi kukho ezinye iindlela zokwelapha ezingasetyenziswa. Ezi zonyango ngamanye amaxesha zize zibe nokulawula ixesha elide lesi sifo esifana nokuhlinzwa.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nangona umhlaza wemiphunga ungasebenzi, unokusebenza ngokuzayo. Ngamanye amaxesha i-chemotherapy kunye neyeza zonyango ziyanciphisa ubukhulu okanye indawo yendawo yokutya ukuze utyando lwenzeke kamva.
Xa i-chemotherapy isetyenziswe ngale ndlela, ibizwa ngokuba yi "neoadjuvant chemotherapy".
Ukucingisisa
Utyando lungaba luyonyango olufanelekileyo kakhulu kumdlavuza wemiphunga ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Ezi ziquka:
- Uhlobo lwe-Surgery ludla ngokuqhutywa kwintsholongwane engekho encinci yomhlaza wamaphaphu . Umdlavuza omncinci wamaseli omnquba uqala ukusasaza kwaye utyando luvame ukucetyiswa kuphela kwiimvumi ezincinci.
- I-Stage-Surgery ivame ukuqwalaselwa kwisigaba 1 , isigaba sesi-2 kunye nesigaba se-3A esingasomncinci wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu. Isigaba se-3B kunye nesigaba se-4 se- lung cancer zihlala ziphathwa ngeendlela ezingekho zocwangco, ezifana ne-chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, i-immunotherapy kunye neyeza.
- Indawo-Ukuba i-tumor yepomphu isondele kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo, ezinjengentliziyo, ukhetho lwezokwelapha ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa luvame ukukhethwa.
- I-General Health-Ngenxa yemingcipheko ephathelene nokuhlinzwa kwemiphunga kunye ne-anesthesia jikelele, ezinye iimeko zonyango zingenza utyando luyingozi kakhulu.
- Umsebenzi weLung-Ukuba ukuphefumula sele kuphazamisekile kwiimeko ezifana nesifo esingapheliyo sokukhupha umphunga (COPD) okanye ezinye izifo zamaphaphu, ukuhlinzwa kunokunciphisa ukusebenza komphunga.
Unyango
Nangona umdlavuza wesifo somphunga ubonakala ungasebenzi, ezinye iinketho zonyango zinokufumaneka.
Chemotherapy
Uninzi lweengcingo zamaphaphu ziphendula, ubuncinci, kwi- chemotherapy .
Utyando lweyeza
Izaziso zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa isisu kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, ukunyanga umhlaza. Amacandelo amasha olutsha lwe-radiation (i-stereotactic radiation okanye i-cyber knife) ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswe nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamapompo kunye neziphumo ezifana nezo zifumaneka ngokuhlinzwa. Kulindeleke ukuba oku kube yinto engakumbi kwixesha elizayo.
I-radiotherapy yomzimba we-Stereotactic (SBRT), ebizwa ngokuba yi-gamma umsi okanye i-cyber knife, iphinda isetyenziswe ukulawula i-oligometastases. I-Oligometastatses lizwi elikhulu elithetha nje kuphela iimitha zesistim.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu unemitha yesithathu kwiqondo lakhe esuka kumdlavuza wamaphaphu, banokufumana iSBRT ukuba baphathe loo mastas. Okwangoku, ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana ne-chemotherapy, iilrapies, okanye i-immunotherapy zisetyenziselwa ukulawula umhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba.
Iipilithi ezijoliswe
Ulwaphulo olujolisweyo luyimishanguzo eyenzelwe ukuhlaselwa ngumhlaza ngokukodwa okanye ukuphazamisa ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwizidumbu.
Umzekelo wonyango ojoliswe kuwo umhlaza wamaphaphu kukusetyenziswa kwe-erlotinib kwiinguqu ze- EGFR okanye i-crizotinib yomdlavuza we- ALK-positive okanye umhlaza womphunga we- ROS1 .
Lo ngumzekelo nje wezinto ezimbalwa zeenguqu ezijoliswe kuzo ezifumaneka kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokuqinisekileyo wonke umntu onomdlavuza wesifo somnxeba ongeyomncinci kufuneka abe neprojekthi yokuhlola i- molecular (ukuhlolwa kofuzo) okwenziwe kwi-tumor yabo ukuze abone ukuba ngaba ngumviwa kulo naluphi na lwezi zifo.
Immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy yindlela entsha yokhathalela unyango lomhlaza wamaphaphu, kunye neyeza lokuqala kulolu hlobo oluye lwavunyelwa umhlaza womphunga ngo-2015. Ezinye iziyobisi ziye zafumaneka ukususela ngelo xesha kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezifundwayo kwiilingo zonyango-nokuba zodwa okanye zidibene kunye ezinye iindlela zokwelapha ezivela kwi-chemotherapy ukuya kwi-radiation ekusebenziseni ukudibanisa iziyobisi ze-immunotherapy.
I-Immunotherapy isebenze ngokusebenza komzimba womzimba ukulwa nomhlaza kwaye inokusebenza ngisho nangomdla wegciwane eliphambili kakhulu. Nangona i-immunotherapy isebenza nje ngoku i-20 ukuya ku-30 ekhulwini yamanomdla emiphunga, ingaba luncedo kakhulu kula bantu. Ukusebenza ngokwaneleyo ukuba ezinye i-oncologists ziyazibuza ukuba i-immunotherapy iya kubaphilisa abanye abantu ngesigaba somhlaza wesi-4 somhlaza, igama elingazange likhankanywe ngaphambi kokuba lixubushe ngomhlaza wamaphaphu.
Uvavanyo lweZliniki
Abantu abaninzi abafumana ukuba banomdlavuza ongaphazamisekiyo bakhetha ukubhalisa kwiziphumo zolu vavanyo lwezonyango ezivanya isilwanyana esitsha okanye inkqubo engekafumaneki ngokubanzi kunyango lomhlaza wamaphaphu. Ulwahlulo lweendidi kunye nezigaba zezilingo zekliniki , uluhlu lwemibuzo yokuqwalasela, kunye neengqungquthela kwiinkcukacha ze- intanethi kunye neenkonzo ezihambelanayo nezilingo zekliniki (ezi zikhululekile) zinokukunceda ukuba unqume ukuba uvavanyo lwekliniki lukulungele.
Ngokutsho kweNational Cancer Institute, wonke umntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu kufuneka acinge ngokukhethwa kwezilingo zeklinikhi. Kunokukunceda ukugcina engqondweni ukuba zonke iziyobisi kunye nenkqubo esinayo kunyango kuye kwavavanywa kuvavanyo lwekliniki.
Uninzi lwezilingo zekliniki ziyaqhubeka, zithembisa ukuphucula okunye kunyango kunye nokusinda kwesi sifo. Cinga ukuba phakathi kuka-2011 no-2015 izidakamizwa ezitsha zavunywa ukunyanga komhlaza wamaphaphu kunokuba zivunyiwe ngexesha lonyaka wama-40 phambi ko-2011. Kukho ithemba elininzi.
ILizwi
Ukuba ukhathalela umthandwa wakho ngomhlaza wemiphunga ongaphazamiseki, unokuba uzive ungesabi nje kodwa ungenakunceda. Khangela eli nqaku xa umthandayo enomdlavuza wamaphaphu apho abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu babelane ngezinto abafisa umthandi wabo owaziyo ngesifo sabo kunye neengcamango zabo neemvakalelo zabo. Yaye ukuba uthe wachazwa ngumhlaza wemiphunga , kubalulekile ukuba ufunde oko unokukwazi ngesifo sakho, naye.
> Umthombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. I-Cancer-Can Not Cell Cell: Okukhethwa Kwonyango. 6/16.