Ziziphi ii-Shots Zincedo kunye Nokuba Ziyingozi Kangakanani Xa Unomdlavuza?
Ziziphi iigonyi kufuneka ufumane, kwaye kufuneka uphephe nini, ngoxa uhlala nomhlaza? Ukuba ucinga ngexeshana, kulula ukudideka. Ngaba usengozini enkulu kwisitofu sokugonya okanye ukususela kwisifo sokugonya ungakhusela? Yintoni oyenzayo xa unesifo? Usemngciphekweni ukuba umntwana wakho okanye umzukulu wakhe athole amahlumela? Siyambulela ukuba sinolwazi olufanelekileyo ukwenza ezo zigqibo zibe nzima.
Kukho izibhengezo ozimele uziphephe. Kukho ezinye ezicetyiswa kakhulu. Kwaye, kulabo abahamba ngonyango lomhlaza, kukho ixesha elihle kunye nexesha elibi kakhulu lokufumana ezo zihlunu ezicetyiswayo. Makhe sijonge kwixesha elifanelekileyo leemifanekiso kunye nezimpendulo kwimibuzo esiyicelile.
Ziziphi izitofu zokuPhepha
Esemngciphekweni wokulila njengomama, makhe siqale ngokuthetha malunga nezibhengezo ezinokuba yingozi. Kukho ukugonywa ongeke ufumane ngexesha lotyando lwemhlaza-ubuncinane unyango kunye ne-chemotherapy, okanye xa ungenayo i-immunosuppressed .
Ukuqonda oku kukunceda ukuthetha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugonywa, kunye nendlela amahlumela asebenza ngayo. Ukugonywa ngokusemthethweni kusebenza "ukukhohlisa" umzimba ukuba ubone isifo esibangela isifo, ngoko ke xa loo ntsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya ebonakalayo, unomkhosi okulungele kwaye uzimisele ukulwa nawo. Kungathatha ixesha ukunyuka iimpendulo zomzimba ukuba umzimba wakho ungabonanga isilwanyana ngaphambili, ngoko injongo yeigonyo kukubonga umzimba wakho ngokuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kwezi zifo.
Kukho iindlela ezi-2 zokugonya ezinokuthi ziveze umzimba wakho kwinto efana nesi sifo.
- Bukhoma, kodwa i-bacterium okanye iintsholongwane ezibuthathaka
- Ukubulala ama-bacterium okanye iintsholongwane
Phambi kweeVIV
Izigulane eziphilayo ziqulethwe yintsholongwane egxininisekile (ivalwe) okanye ibhaktheriya. Isizathu sokusebenzisa isitofu esiphila kuyo kukuba silungiselela umzimba ngokubhetele-ukuba yinto engokwemvelo-ukuba ngaba uvele uvezwe kwi-arhente yesifo esithintekayo, kwaye i-vaccine ihlala ihlala ixesha lokuphila.
Ukuba inani lakho legazi elimhlophe liphantsi ngenxa ye-chemotherapy (i- neythropenia-eyenziwa yi-chemotherapy-induced neutropenia ) okanye isistim somzimba sakho sogonyamelo ngaphandle kokuxhatshazwa ngonyango lomhlaza, iindiza eziphilayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba "ukuphazamiseka" akuyiyo ingcamango efanelekileyo. Iigciwane lokuphila ngegciwane kufuneka ziphetshwe ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza kwaye zibandakanya:
- I-Flumist (i-vacaist spray vaccine)
- Ipholiyo yomlomo - injoyi ibali ehlukileyo
- I-MMR - Iisisi / i-Mumps / iRubella (isisisi saseJamani)
- Vavivax (isitofu sokugonya inkukhu)
- I-Zostivax (isitofu sokugonya)
- I-RotaTeq kunye neRotarix (iigciwane le-rotavirus)
- I-BCG (igciwane lesifo sofuba)
- Isifo sokugonya somkhuhlane
- I-typhoid yomlomo - kukho igciwane lokugonywa kwegciwane elifayo
- Adenovirus
- Inqununu
Ukuqhagamshelana nomntu oye wafumana i- Vaccines Live - Kukho ukuxhalaba okuninzi malunga nokuba ngaba abantu abafumana unyango lomhlaza basengozini yokutshatyalaliswa, bathi, umzukulu unokugonywa ngegciwane lokugonya. Iingcamango kukuba ukugalelwa kwegciwane ngentsholongwane yeso sifo kungafaka ingozi. Ngaphandle kwesoliyo yomlomo kunye ne-smallpox (ugonyo olunikezwa ngokungaqhelekanga) oluya kuba yingozi, oku akuzange kubonakale kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo, kunye neemeko ezihlanu kuphela ezichanekileyo zokudluliselwa ngokukhupha izidalwa ezingama-55.
Kubalulekile ukuthetha ne-oncologist yakho malunga naluphi na uluncedo oluthile oluthathayo xa abathandekayo bakho befumana iigciwane eziphilayo.
Iigciwane ezikhuselweyo
Nangona bengenako ukubeka ingozi yokusuleleka, ukugonywa ngaphandle kwentsholongwane (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha pneumonia) kaninzi kugwenywa ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza, ubuncinane eMelika. zibandakanya. Iigonya kule candelo ziquka:
- Umkhuhlane wegciwane
- I-Pneumovax ne-Prevnar ("isibinci" se-pneumonia)
- I-Hepatitis A
- I-hepatitis B
- I-DTaP (i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis)
- Hib
- Meningitis
- Rabies
- Ikholera
- Ijoyi etywala
- I-encephalitis ephathekayo
- Encephalitis yaseJapan
Uluhlu lweFlu
Ukuhamba ngonyango lomhlaza unokuba ukhathazekile ngokufumana isitofu sokugonya xa unesibalo esisezantsi segazi, kodwa cinga kwakhona. Inani elifanayo elimhlophe elimhlophe linokukwenza ukuba ube nesifo esichengeni okanye esisongela ubomi kwisifo sokugonywa. Uninzi lwabantu lunokufumana umkhuhlane udutshulwa ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza, nangona kukho amaxesha amahle kwaye mhlawumbi iifom ezilungileyo zidweliswe ngezantsi. Ukuba ufumana unyango lomhlaza, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuba wenzeni ukuba unobungozi, kwaye kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba uhlakulele iimpawu.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ngentsholongwane, ngokuqhelekileyo izifo-zintsholongwane-ezivela emva kokugula ngengcwangu-ezibangela iingxaki ezininzi. Kulinganiselwa ukuba ngo-2015 eUnited States yedwa abantu abangaba ngu-200,000 babhedlele kwizifo ezithe zaqala ngentsholongwane. Asazi ukuba abantu abanomhlaza banamathuba okuba bahlakulele umkhuhlane, kodwa siyazi ukuba izinga lokufa phakathi kwezigulane zomhlaza ezithintela umkhuhlane ziphezulu.
Umgudu wokugonya umkhuhlane unokunikezwa ngefomu enye. Izigulane ezi-4 ezikhoyo ngoku ukukhusela umkhuhlane ziquka:
- I-Flumist - Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, isitofu sokugonywa komkhuhlane kufuneka sigwenywe ngexesha lotyando lwemhlaza njengoko liphila ngentsholongwane.
- Umkhuhlane wesifo somdabu
- Intradermal umkhuhlane wadlalwa
- I-Flu-Zone High-Dose
I-intradermal flu shot, enye inikwe ngaphantsi kwesikhumba ngenaliti emfutshane, yamkelwe ngo-2011 kubantu abadala abanempilo abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kuma-64. Njengoko iyenzelwe abantu abaphilileyo, kungenakuba yinto ekhethekileyo kubo abaphila nomhlaza . Ngokusekelwe kwizifundo kuze kube yimhla, unyango olungcono lunokuba ngumpopho ophezulu wokukhukhuza umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunconywa kubantu abadala asetyenziswa ngamajoni omzimba angasebenziyo kunye nabantu abancinci. Kwiingcaphephe, kwafunyanwa ukuba i-seroconversion rates-isitofu sokuvuselela i-antibodies-yayingcono ngokuchithwa kwe-dose ephezulu, kodwa i-seroprotection rates-isitofu sokukhusela abantu esi sifo-sasifana ne-friji yendabuko. Ekubeni le yindawo esebenzayo yophando, kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela wakho malunga neengcebiso ngeli xesha.
Isikhathi soThutho lweFlu
Kunzima ukuthetha ngethuba elifanelekileyo lomkhuhlane wesibhedlele ngokubhekiselele kwonyango lomhlaza njengoko wonke umntu ehlukileyo kwaye kukho izinto ezininzi. Thetha kwi-oncologist yakho malunga nento efanelekileyo kuwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba lezi zihlwele zinikezwe ngexesha elibalwayo igazi lakho kulindeleke ukuba libe liphezulu, kwaye oku kuyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwiiyobisi ezithile ze-chemotherapy kunye ne-regimen oyifumanayo.
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, kukho iinguqu ezi-2 ezibalulekileyo ukuqwalasela. Omnye umngcipheko wokugula ngenxa yesibhamu. Enye into yokuba xa isistim somzimba sakho sokuzivikela singasebenzi kakuhle, isitofu sokugonywa singenakusebenza ekudaleni umzimba.
Kubantu abanikwa i-steroids (yedwa kunye nemiphumo emibi ye-chemotherapy), kunokubakho ingozi eyongezelelekileyo yokukhusela igciwane, kwaye mhlawumbi akukho nzuzo. Ezinye iziphumo ziye zafumanisa ukuba izigulane ziphathwa ngenye imichiza yomhlaza-umzekelo, i-rituximab, uhlobo lonyango olujoliswe kuyo-aluphendulanga kumkhuhlane wesifo.
Kulabo abanesitshixo se-stem transplant okanye i-bone marrow transplant, kuyanconywa ukuba balinde ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezili-6 ngaphambi kokufumana isitofu sokugonywa komkhuhlane, kwaye mhlawumbi kusele kwiimeko ezithile.
Ukuboniswa okanye iimpawu zeFlu
Ukuba uye wamboniswa nomntu onomkhuhlane, okanye ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu zentsholongwane , fonela i-oncologist yakho ngokukhawuleza. Kukho amayeza atholakalayo anokunceda ukunciphisa ubunzima bomkhuhlane kodwa kufuneka baqaliswe ngokukhawuleza ukuba bakwazi ukusebenza. Hlalani nikhumbule ukuba ukuba unomkhuhlane wakho udutshulwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba kusebenze ukukhusela umkhuhlane. Akukho kuphela umkhuhlane onokuyingozi xa isistim somzimba sakho siphephelwa ngenxa yonyango, kodwa ukugula ngesifo somkhuhlane kungabangela ukulibaziseka kunyango lwakho.
I-Pneumonia Shot
I-pneumonia iyona nxalenye yezizathu zokufa okukhuselweyo lokugonya eUnited States, kwaye enye yezona zimbangela eziphezulu zokufa. Ukongeza kuloo msebenzi wokunciphisa umzimba onokuthi unokunyangwa ngonyango, kwaye ukukhusela esi sifo kukubaluleka kakhulu.
Kukhona ii-immunizations ezi-2 ezikhoyo kwi-pneumonia:
- I-PPSV23 - Kunconywe kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
- Prevnar -PCV13 - Kunconywe kubantwana ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-2.
Ngokwe-CDC, abantu abanomhlaza ngokubanzi abangazange bafumane i-PCV13 yokugonya kufuneka bafumane i-vaccine ye-PCV13, ilandelwe ngamanyathelo okucetyiswa kwe-PPSV23. (Thetha ugqirha wakho.)
Ukuba ufumene ukugonya kwe-PPSV23 kodwa akuyiyo isitofu se-PCV13 kufuneka ufumane i-vaccine ye-PCV13, ilandelwe yiphina i-PPSV23.
Ixesha le-Pneumonia Shot
Ukuxhalabisa, njengokuba umkhuhlane uphendulela ixesha, njengoko isitofu sokugonya singasebenzi kakuhle kubantu abahamba nge-chemotherapy. Ngokomnye umthombo, ixesha elifanelekileyo liveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuqala i-chemotherapy, nangaphandle kweenyanga ezintathu emva kokuzalisa unyango, kodwa oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimiphumo ethile yomhlaza oyakufumana. Thetha ugqirha wakho malunga nexesha elifanelekileyo lokufumana le gonyo.
Ezinye iigonyo
Kwiimeko ezizodwa, unokufuna ukuqwalasela enye yezinye iigciwane ezigonywayo njenge-vaccine. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, xela ugqirha wakho malunga nobungozi kunye neenzuzo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo kunye neyeza lakho.
Izifo ezithintekayo
Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kukukhathazeka ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba kukho izifo ezininzi ezingenayo igciwane. Ngombulelo ukuthatha amanyathelo okuqapha okuncinci kunokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi. Hlola ezi 10 iingcebiso zokukhusela izifo .
Izibhedlele ezifumanekayo kunye ne-MRSA
Xa ufumana unyango lomhlaza, kunceda ukuba uqaphele izifo ezifakwe esibhedlele . Hlola ezi ngcebiso zokuthintela izifo ezifakwe esibhedlele ukuphepha ukuba ube ngowama-1.7 yezigidi zaseMerika ezichaphazelekayo kwezi zifo kunyaka ngamnye. Kwaye ukuba unyakaza intloko yakho ibuza ukuba kutheni unikwe ihlandlo ezili-12 ukuba unemibuzo ye-MRSA, funda malunga nentsholongwane ka - MRSA ngokwenene .
> Imithombo:
> Eliakim-Raz, N., Vinograd, I., Zalmanovici-Trestioreanu, A., Leibovici, L., noMnu Paul. I-vacluenza vaccenza kuma-immunosuppressed adults with cancer. I-Cochrane Database yeeNkqubo eziPhezulu . 2013. 10: CD008983.
> Ukuhluma, S., Walsh, E., Dimitroff, L., Santelli, J., no-A. Falsey. Ukuphucula i-immunogenicity of vaccine high-dose ye-influenza yokugonya ngokuthelekiswa nomgudu wokugonya umkhuhlane we-influenza kwizigulane zabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 abafumana i-chemotherapy: Umqhubi wecandelo lovavanyo lweklinikhi. Igciwane . 2015 Dec 22. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).
> Tai, L. et al. Ukugonywa kwe-influenza yentsholongwane yokunciphisa umzimba iyanciphisa isifo se-metastatic post postoperative ngokuguqula ukungasebenzi kakubi kwimizimba yokubulala. Uphando lweKlinikhi yeKhansela . 2013. 19 (18): 5104-15.
> Toleman, M., Herbert, K., McCarthy, N., kunye noD. Ukugonywa kwezigulane ze-chemotherapy - iziphumo zesikhokelo sokuphunyezwa. Unonophelo loNcedo kwiCancer . 2015 ngo-Oktobha 26. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).
> Vinograd, I. et al. Ukuphumelela kweklinikhi yegciwane lokukhusela i-influenza phakathi kwezigulane zomhlaza. Cancer . 2013. 119 (22): 4028-35.