Imiba engozini kunye nophando lomhlaza womlomo nolwimi
Umhlaza womlomo ngumhlobo womhlaza nomhlaza wentaka ochaphazela umlomo. Ingayifaka kwisibini samatama, iinjongo, uphahla lomlomo, ulwimi, kunye nemilomo.
Izinto zobungozi
Umdlavuza womlomo neelwimi udla ngokubanjelwa ngumbutho wengozi.
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala - Mhlawumbi into ebalulekileyo yengozi yokuphucula umdlavuza ngomlomo kukusetyenziswa kotywala. Ukubhema ugwayi, ugwayi, kunye nemibhobho konke kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo nolwimi.
Icuba elingabikhoyo, elisoloko libizwa ngokuthi "ukudibanisa" okanye "ukuhlafuna," liphakamisa umngcipheko.
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngumnye umkhuba ohambelana nophuhliso lomhlaza womlomo.
I-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) - Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukusuleleka kwi- papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo, kwaye ucinga ukuba i-HPV okwangoku ibangela iipesenti ezingama-72 zeesifo somdlavuza emva komqala. I-HPV yintsholongwane edluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo, njengoqhagamshelwano lolusu lolunxwemeni, ulwabelana ngesondo kunye nokulala, kunye nesondo lomlomo.
Iimpawu
Iingcali zamazinyo ngoku zihlala zihlola izigulane zomdlavuza womlomo ngexesha loviwo, kodwa ukuqonda malunga neempawu zomhlaza womlomo kubalulekile. Ezi ziquka:
- Isifo okanye isilonda emlonyeni wakho okanye emlonyeni wakho ongaphilanga emva kweveki ezimbini
- Isilonda ngolwimi okanye ngetoni
- Amacwecwe amhlophe nebomvu emlonyeni okanye emilonyeni engaphilanga
- Ukuhlamba okuvela emlonyeni ongahambelani nokulimala
- Utshintsho kwindlela indlela amazinyo afanelekileyo ngayo, kubandakanywa nendlela amazinyo afanelekileyo, okanye amazinyo avulekileyo ngenxa yokuvuvukala komhlathi okanye intlungu
- Iindlebe eziqhubekayo
- Unzima ukugwinya, ukuhlafuna, ukuthetha okanye ukuhambisa ulwimi
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuba unonophelo lwenkonzo yakho yezempilo uyayifumana nantoni na emlonyeni wakho okanye ngolwimi lwakho, kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuqinisekisa ubungakho okanye ubukho bomhlaza.
Oku kungenziwa ngokwenza i-biopsy yendawo engavumelekanga yomlomo. I-biopsy isusa inani elincinci leetyhubhu ezithunyelwa kwibhuyibhile yokugula kwi-micro-microscope.
Ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe, isigaba sesi sifo sagqitywa. Isitatimende sichaza indlela umhlaza womlomo usasaze ngayo. Iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezifana namazinyo x-ray, i- endoscopy , kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zengqondo zingasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba umhlaza usasazeka kangakanani.
Unyango
Utyando lomhlaza womlomo luxhomekeka kakhulu kwisigaba sesifo. Uhlobo olungaphantsi kolunye unyango lunokusetyenziswa ekuphatheni umhlaza womlomo. Kubalulekile ukufumana ugqirha owaziyo ekuphatheni umdlavuza womlomo nokubuza imibuzo eninzi. Cinga ukufumana uluvo lwesibini kwindawo enkulu yomhlaza . Uphando lubonisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza womlomo luhluka ngokubanzi, kwaye unokubona ugqirha owenze ukwenziwa kweelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-200 kunokwenza okwenziweyo 2. Nangona umhlaza ungasuswa ngokupheleleyo - ngamanye amagama, unokunyanga- ukukhubazeka emva kwakho kuyahluka kuye kuxhomekeke kumava ogqirha wakho.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ngexesha lokufumana umhlaza sele likhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ininzi yexesha ayifanele ilashwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukuva ngcono ukuba umhlaza wakho ususwe msinya kunokuba kamva, kodwa thabatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba unyango luqiniseke ukuba ungummeli wakho kwinkathalo yakho yomhlaza , kwaye unokufumana unyango olungcono. Izindlela zokonyango ziquka:
Ugqirha - Ukuvuthwa ukususa izicubu zomhlaza yindlela eqhelekileyo yokunyanga umdlavuza womlomo. Kwabanye abantu, unyango luhlobo oluphela lonyango olufunekayo; kwabanye, i-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation nayo iyafuneka. Kwezinye iimeko, i-lymph nodes entanyeni ingasuswa kwakhona.
Ulwaphulo lwe-Radiation - Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lusetyenziswa kwezinye iindidi zamandla aphezulu asemzimbeni ukuze ahlaziye amathumbu okanye aphelise iiseli zomhlaza.
Uphulo lwe-radiation lusebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA yesifo somhlaza, okwenza ukuba singakwazi ukuphindaphinda. Nangona unyango lwe-radiation lonakalisa amangqamuzana enempilo esondeleyo, amangqamuzana omhlaza anomdla kakhulu kwiimitha kunye nokufa xa ephathwa. Iiseli eziphilileyo ezonakaliswe ngethuba lomsakazo zixhomekeke kwaye zihlala zikwazi ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo.
Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zonyango lomsakazo zonyango lwangaphandle lwe-radiation kunye ne-radiation yangaphakathi, okubizwa ngokuba yi-brachytherapy. Ukukhanya kweminye imisebe yangaphandle yinto eqhelekileyo ngaphezu kweminye imitha yomlambo yangaphakathi ekuphatheni umhlaza womlomo. Imiphumo echaphazelekayo yimizila ye-radiation iyakhathala kunye nokugqithisa okufana nokutshiswa kwelanga. Ukuphuza umlenze entanyeni nasentanyeni kunokubangela ukulahleka kweentlungu, okungafani nokulahleka kweenwele kwi-chemotherapy, ihlala isigxina.
I-Chemotherapy - I-Chemotherapy inokumiselwa ukunciphisa ubukhulu be-tumor ngaphambi kokuba unyango lwe-radiation okanye utyando okanye lunikezelwe ngokubambisana nokunyanga kwamayeza. Xa i- chemotherapy inikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze ukunciphisa ubukhulu bomhlaza kuthiwa yi-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Xa kunikwa emva kokuhlinzwa ngokuphumelelayo ukuze kupheliswe nayiphi na iiseli ezishiywe ezingenakubonwa kwiimvavanyo zengqondo, libizwa ngokuba yi-adjuvant therapy.
Ukususela ekuhlaseleni i-chemotherapy ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweeseli njengengqamuzana yomhlaza, kuchaphazela neeseli eziqhelekileyo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ezifana nezokwimeko yomnatha wethambo, isantya sesisu, kunye neentloko zezinwele. Ukunyanga okubongayo kwimiphumo emibi yechemotherapy iye yaphucuka kakhulu, kwaye ngelixa ilahleko zentlungu zihlala ziqhelekile, abantu abaninzi abanakubuyiselwa kwesohlwayo kunye nokuhlanza okwakunzima ingxaki kule nkatho.
Emva kokuba unyango
Kufunyenwe ukuba abantu abaphethwe ngempumelelo ngomhlaza womlomo banomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza wesibini kwindawo ethile emlonyeni womlomo okanye kumathambo esisisu. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku kukhuthazwa ukuba abantu abenziwe unyango baphathwe ngunyango wonyango owaziwa ngokuba yi-isotretinoin ukuzama ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
Prognosis
Ukugxekwa kweengqungquthela zomlomo kudla ngokubanzi kodwa kuxhomekeke kwisigaba. Kwinqanaba elingu-I kunye ne-II ye-cancer, i-5-year-old rate rate is 90 ukuya ku-100% xa unyangwa ngophando kwaye ngezinye amayeza. Isantya sokusinda sincinci kulabo abanesigaba se-III kunye nesigaba se-IV sesifo, kodwa ngokuhlinzwa kunye nokunyanga kwamayeza, ngaphezu kwesigamu sabanye abantu kunye namaxesha angama-90% abantu (kuxhomekeke kwimibandela emininzi) ukuphumeza ukulawula kakuhle ixesha elide lwabo isifo.
Thintelo
Ukugwema iimeko ezinobungozi zomhlaza womlomo yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela eso sifo. Amaninzi amaninzi yomhlaza womlomo anxulumene nocuba kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala, ngoko ukuphepha imigangatho yomibini ibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwelanga kunxulumene nomhlaza womlomo, ngoko ukuhlala ngaphandle kwelanga nokugqoka i-lip balm ene-sunscreen ibalulekile.
Ukusebenzisa isondo ngokukhuselekileyo kubalulekile ekukhuselweni komhlaza womlomo, kwaye unethemba lokuba ukugonya kwe-HPV kuya kunciphisa inani labantu abafumana umdlavuza ngomlomo esikhathini esizayo. Ukugonya kwe-HPV kunconywa kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 no-12, kodwa banokunikwa njengomntwana oneminyaka eyi-9 ubudala, okanye ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-26.
Ukutyelela wakho wamazinyo rhoqo kunokunceda ekufumaneni kwangaphambili umdlavuza womlomo. Udokotela wakho wamazinyo uqeqeshelwa ukujonga nokuziva iimpawu zesifo. Ukukhangela umdlavuza womlomo kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwemiboniselo yomlomo kunye namazinyo x-ray. Izixhobo zokujonga izixhobo ezinjenge- VELscope zivumela oogqirha ukuba bajonge kakuhle iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo ezingenakubonakala emehlweni. Ezi zixhobo zokuphonononga ezintsha zinconywa kakhulu kulabo abasemngciphekweni ophezulu wokuphucula umdlavuza womlomo, njengabo bashiya okanye batywala utywala.
Imithombo:
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. Ikhonkco phakathi kwe-HPV kunye neCarcer. Ukuhlaziywa 09/30/15.
National Cancer Institute. I-Lip kunye ne-Oral Cavity Treatment Cancer - I-Health Professional Version (PDQ). Ukuhlaziywa 09/25/15.