Izibalo malunga nokubhema kunye ne-Cancer Cancer
Siyazi ukuba ukutshaya kubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba abanye abantu bashiya ubomi babo bonke baze bangaze bahlakulele umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngoko, yiyiphi ipesenti yabantu ababhemayo banomdlavuza wamaphaphu? Ingakanani loo mngcipheko wehla xa uyeka?
Ukubhema kunye nomhlaza weLung
Uninzi lwa manani lubheka ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , ukudibanisa abantu babini abavuthayo nabangabhekanga.
Ngokusekelwe kumanani e-United States, umngcipheko wobomi wokuba umntu ahlakulele umhlaza wamaphaphu ngowama-6.4 ekhulwini okanye omncinci kumntu omnye kwabafundi abayi-15.
Ngokucacileyo, eli nani liza kuba liphezulu kulabo abaye babhema kwaye bahlasele abo bangenayo. Sinezifundo ezimbalwa eziye zaphula le manani phakathi kwabangabikho abokutshaya, abasaqalayo ukutshaya, kunye nabangokutshaya, kodwa uvavanyo oludala luka-2006 lwaseYurophu lwenze la mahluko. Kweso sifundo, umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamaphaphu wawu:
- Ipesenti ezingama-0.2 zamadoda awazange atshe; Iipesenti ezingama-0.4 kubafazi
- 5.5 ekhulwini lamadoda abesifayeli ababeshushu; 2.6 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini
- 15.9 ekhulwini labatsha abesifa; 9.5 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini
- Amaphesenti angama-24.4 kwindoda "ababhemayo abanzi" bachazwa ukubhema ngaphezulu kweerigaretti ngosuku; I-18.5 ekhulwini yabasetyhini
Uphando lwaseKhanada lwangaphambili lucacise ingozi yokuphila kwabasilisa ababhemayo kwi-17.2 yeepesenti kunye ne-11,6 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini kunye nama-1.3% kuphela kwindoda engabhemi kunye ne-1.4 ekhulwini kubasetyhini abangabhemi .
Isizathu esibangeleyo sokufa kwe-Cancer-Related Deaths
Ukuqwalasela kakuhle ukuba kutheni lo mbuzo ubaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba ukutshaya yimbangela ebangela ukufa kwabantu abanomdlavuza kumadoda nabasetyhini e-United States. Enye yomdlavuza wesinye emdlalweni wesifo somdlavuza ngenxa yomdlavuza wemiphunga kunye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ubulala abantu abaninzi kunomdlavuza webele, umhlaza wesibeletho kunye nomhlaza wesibeletho .
Kula ma-cancer, kucingelwa ukuba ubuncinane ubuncinane i-80 ekhulwini kubangelwa ukutshaya. Kukho iikhemikhali ezininzi kwiidigarethi eziyaziwa ukuba zibangele umdlavuza kunye nokunye okubhekwa njengetyhefu kubantu. Akunjalo nje ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, nangona kunjalo. Kukho ezininzi iintsholongwane ezibangelwa ukutshaya .
Kwaye akukho nje ukutshaya yinkinga, kucingelwa ukuba abantu abangama-7300 bafa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamnye ngonyaka obangelwa ngumsi wesandla wesibini.
Umngcipheko weNgqungquthela yeCcercer in People Who smoke
Kubonakala ukuba ngaphambili kwimpilo uqala ukutshaya, kuphakamisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umngcipheko wakho uxhomekeke kwinani le " pack-years " osuyiyo. Umnyaka wepakethi inombhalo ebalwe ngokuphindaphinda inani leeminyaka eliphalazelayo inani leepakethi zecuba zibhema nsuku zonke.
Ukuyeka ukutshaya ukutshaya umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga, kodwa kunokuthatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba umngcipheko wehle. Ukuba utshaye ixesha elingaphezulu kwexesha elifutshane, umngcipheko wakho awuyi kufinyelela loo nto engasayi kutshaya. Kodwa, kusemfuneko ukuba uzame ukuyeka. Abaphandi abakhangele abantu baseAsia naseAustralia bafumene ukuba abantu banokunciphisa ingozi yokuvelisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angama-70 ngokuyeka ukutshaya.
Kuqikelelo olulodwa, indoda eneminyaka engama-68 ubudala eyasiphula iipakethi ezimbini ngosuku ngeminyaka engama-50 (iminyaka eyi-100 yepakethi) yayinomngcipheko wee-15 wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo ukuba waqhubeka etshaya.
Lo mngcipheko uza kuhlahlela kuma-10.8 ekhulwini xa eyeka ukutshaya.
Unokuzibuza nokuba ukusika kodwa ukuyeka ukuchaphazela umngcipheko. Kwisifundo esithile, kwafunyanwa ukuba abantu ababeshiya iigarethi ezingaphezu kwe-15 ngosuku babeza kunciphisa umngcipheko wabo xa benqumla inani lababhegi abavutha ngalo lonke isiqingatha. Olunye uphando lwaluyinto encinci malunga nokunciphisa indlela kwaye yacebisa ukuba ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo kubalulekile ukuzisa umahluko omkhulu kumngcipheko.
I-Cancer yeMol
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu unqabile ukubuyela kwisiqhelo xa umntu eshiya ukutshaya.
Enyanisweni, malunga ne-80 ekhulwini labantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu namhlanje abangabhemi; bengazange bavume okanye baqhele ukuyeka ukutshaya ngexesha elidlulileyo
Ukubikezela Ingozi
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuchaza kwangaphambili ukuba ubani oza kuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, iSikhumbuzo seSikhumbuzo seCattering Sloan-Kettering iCandelo leCandelo lokuThengisa iKhankaso liye laphuhlisa isilingo soVavanyo lweNgcahla yeCancer, apho ungakwazi ukubala umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo ngokubhekiselele kwiminyaka yakho ubude ubude okanye utshayile.
Isixhobo senzelwe abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 no-75 abavuthayo phakathi kwama-cigaretti angama-10 no-60 imihla ngemihla iminyaka engama-25 no-55. Ilandelwa ngumyalelo wokukhutshwa komyalelo wokukhumbuza abantu okhumbuza abantu ukuba isixhobo sisisigqibo nje esisekelwe kwiinkcukacha kwaye asithethi umntu uya kuba okanye angayi kuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukuhlola
Kuze kube kutshanje, bekungekho uvavanyo oluvakalayo lokuhlola i-cancer yomphunga. Abantu bafuna ukuxhomekeka ekuqaphelisweni kweempawu zokuqala zomhlaza wemiphunga ngethemba lokufumana isifo kwixesha eliphambili kunye nezona zininzi ezikhuselweyo zesifo.
Ekubeni phantse isiqingatha sabantu bafumanisa ukuba umhlaza wabo wamaphaphu usele kwiinqanaba eziphambili, ulwazi lweempawu kuphela aluvumelekanga. Ngombulelo-kwabanye abantu ubuncinane- I- CT yomhlaza wesifo somhlaza ivunyiwe kwaye, xa isetyenziswe ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo, inokunciphisa ukufa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngama-20 ekhulwini e-United States.
Abantu abakulungele ukuhlola baquka abo:
- Ngaba phakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-80
- Unomlando we-pack-30 weminyaka yokutshaya
- Qhubeka ukutshaya okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya kwiminyaka eyi-15 edluleyo
- Unesimo esifanelekileyo sokwenjenjalo ukuba utyando lungenziwa ukuba ubunzima bufumaneka
Kukho abanye abantu abanokunqwenela ukuba bahlolwe kwakhona. Ngokomzekelo, abo baye bafumana izinto ezibangelwa ngumhlaza kwindawo yokusebenza. Ukuba uziva unobungozi, xela ugqirha wakho. Nangona utshaya, akupheli kakhulu ukwenza ezinye izinto ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
ILizwi
Ukuba utshaya okanye utshaya ungase udimazeke. Inokukunceda ukujonga ezi manani ukusuka kwinqanaba elithile. Esikhundleni sokukhathazeka ukuba umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga awupheli, mhlawumbi kunokuba ugxininise into yokuba iminyaka eyi-10 emva kokushiya umngcipheko wakho ngumyinge wento ekhoyo namhlanje.
Akukaze kube mva ukuyeka. Kwabo abo banomdlavuza, ukuyeka ukukwenza kungenza umehluko. Unokuba nomdla ekuhloliseni ezi zizathu zokuyeka ukutshaya emva kokuxilongwa komhlaza .
Ukongeza kokushiya umkhwa, kukho ezinye iindlela onganciphisa amathuba akho okufa ngumhlaza. Ukutya okunempilo, ukuphila ngendlela esebenzayo, kwaye uhlolwe ukuba ufanelekile unokunceda bonke.
Funda kabanzi malunga nomhlaza wesifo kunye nomdlavuza emlandweni wesifo, iindlela ezithile zokubhema kungakhokelela kumdlavuza wamaphaphu, nangaphezulu.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Imiphumo yezeMpilo yokuSuba. Ukuhlaziywa 05/15/17. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ukubhema kunye neCarcer. Ukuhlaziywa 01/23/17. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/cancer.html
> INational Cancer Institute. UkuPhononongwa kwe-Epidemiology Iziphumo zokugqibela. I-SEER Stat Fact Sheets: I-Lung neBronchus. 2017.