UkuPhuma kwezeMisebenzi kwiNkuni yeThuthi njengesizathu sesifo seLung
Ngaba ukutshiswa kwothuli kubangela umhlaza wamaphaphu ? Yintoni ofunekayo ukuba uyazi ukuba usebenza eduze kwothuli lomthi emsebenzini okanye ngokuzilibazisa? Yintoni "ukukhuseleka okukhuselekileyo" kwaye yiyiphi imigaqo onokuyithatha?
Umthunzi Wokhuni kunye neLung Cancer
Uthuli lokhuni lenye yezinto ezidlulileyo zomsebenzi owaziwa ngumntu, kwaye kubalulekile kakhulu nanamhlanje kubantu abanemisebenzi evela kwikhabhinethi ukuya kubasebenzi bokugaya.
Ukuqwalasela inani labantu ababandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi apho ukuthungca uthuli lomthi kungababeka engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, siza kujonga ubungqina bokuza kudibanisa le mibini. Kodwa okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokuqala ngokubaluleka komsebenzi jikelele kwi-job exposure kunye nomhlaza. Okwangoku zicinga ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi kwiikhemikhali kunye nezinye izinto zijongene neepesenti ezingama-27 zamanomdlavuza emiphunga kumadoda. Nangona le nombolo iyethusa, kuninzi ongayenza ukuze ugweme ukubala.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba umdlavuza wemiphunga uyisifo esisodwa. Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba iimeko ezininzi ezinobungozi bomdlavuza wamaphaphu zisebenza kunye nokuba zithintele okanye zithintele umhlaza ekuveleni. Ngokomzekelo, siyazi ukuba ubume be-asbestos kunye nokutshaya kungabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa xa ezi zimbini zidibene ndawonye umphumo mkhulu kunokuba ungeze iingozi ezimbini kunye. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba kukho ukutya okunokuthi kunciphise umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu kunye nokuzivocavoca kunokunceda.
Ingaba usebenza okanye ujikeleze ukhuni lomthi, thatha umzuzwana ukuba ufunde ngezizathu zomsebenzi womdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye nokuba yiwuphi na umsebenzi omele azi.
Uthuli lomlilo njengeCarogogen
Uthuli lomthi ngoku lubonwa njenge- carcinogen , into ecinga ukuba ibangela umdlavuza kubantu. Uthuli lomthi luyenziwe ngumbutho wezinto ezahlukileyo ezivela kumthi onzima okanye emithini ye-softwood.
I-Hard Woods vs Soft Woods
Uninzi lwezifundo zothuli lomthi nomdlavuza wamaphaphu zahlula phakathi kothuli olunotyebile kunye nothuli olukhuni, olunothuli olunomthi olukhuni olunokuba lunomdla kakhulu. Kodwa yintoni eyenza umthi onzima kunye nantoni na?
- I-Hardwoods imithi enqabileyo, abo balahlekelwa ngamaqabunga ekuwa. Inkuni evela kwimithi emithi eluhlaza iyancipha kakhulu, njenge-birch kunye ne-balsa.
- I-Softwoods imithi ye-coniferous; imithi engalahlekelwa ngamaqabunga kodwa ihlale iluhlaza ngonyaka wonke (iimahla.)
Ziyintoni na iiSifundo?
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zajonga ubudlelwane phakathi kothuli lomthi kunye nomhlaza. Uphononongo luka-2015 lubhekisele kwizifundo ezingama-70 ukuya kutsho kwinkqubo yokubuza, "Ngaba uthuli lomthi lubangela umhlaza?" Unxibelelwano oluqinileyo luphakathi kwe- nasal adenocarcinoma (umhlaza wesihloko nentamo) kunye nothuli lomthi. Kodwa ke, kwafunyanwa ukuba kukho ubungqina obuncinane bokuthi uthuli lomthi lungakhokelela kumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukuphononongwa okuhlukeneyo kwezi-10 zezifundo ezili-10 ezazijonga ngokuthe ngqo ukutshatyalaliswa kothuli lomthi kunye nomhlaza wamaphaphu zithole ingozi enkulu yomhlaza wamaphaphu kunye nokutshiswa komthunzi wokhuni; abo babecala ngothuli lomhlaba babengaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-20 amathuba okuphuhlisa eso sifo. Ekubeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu yimbangela ebangela ukufa kwabantu abanomdlavuza (kunye nabasetyhini) kwaye banokungabikho kwabokubhema kunye nabantu ababhema, oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokwahlukileyo, umngcipheko omncinci womdlavuza wamaphaphu waqatshelwa kubantu baseMelika ase-Nordic abaye bafumanisa ukuthungatha uthuli. Isiphetho kukuba kukho ubungqina obuqinileyo bokudibanisa uthuli lomthi ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, kodwa ukuba oku kunokuba kuxhomekeke kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nohlobo lokutshiswa kothuli lomthi.
Olunye uphando lwaseCanada lufumene umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu ohambelana nokuthungca uthuli lwamatye wawungama-40 ekhulwini phezulu kunezo ezingabonakaliswa othulini. Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo enxulumene nokutyhila kwakuyimisebenzi yokwakha, imithi kunye nokwenza ifenitshala. Ingongoma ebalulekileyo kulolu cwaningo, nangona kunjalo, kukuba ukubonakala okukhulu ngexesha elide kwakufuneka ukuba ukwandise umngcipheko womhlaza, kwaye kwakungekho mngcipheko phakathi kwalabo ababenobungozi obuninzi babo.
(Oku kungabakho ukuqinisekiswa kwabo banandipha imithi njengento yokuzilibazisa.)
Ezinye iimeko eziManyango
Uthuli lomthi luye lwaziwa ngokuba lukhokelela kwiimeko zonyango ngaphandle komhlaza. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukugqithisa isikhumba (i-dermatitis) - Iiphulaphu zesikhumba ezinxulumene nothuli oluqhelekileyo ziqhelekileyo kwaye zifunyenwe ngothuli oluvela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi engama-300. Ezi ziqhumane, ukuvumba kunye nokubomvu zivela ngenxa yokucaphukisa isikhumba okanye, kunoko, ukusuka ekuphenduleni. Iphepha leenkcukacha ze-HSE lubhala ezinye zeempawu ezithile ezichazwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi .
- Ukuphefumula ukuphefumula - Ukuphendula okuvakalayo kuyaqheleke kakhulu xa kufakwe uthuli lomthi kunye nesifo se- asthma . Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i- asthma ingaba ngumngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga . Impendulo eyaziwayo kakhulu yinto yemisedare ebomvu, apho iipesenti ezintlanu zabasebenzi zichithwa. Uthuli lomthi lubhekwa njengenye yezona zizathu eziphezulu ezili-10 ze-asthma yomsebenzi e-UK (Funda ngokubanzi malunga ne -asthma okanye i-asthma yomsebenzi .
- Izimpawu zokuphefumula ezingahambelani neengxaki zomzimba - Izibonakaliso ze-Nasal, ezifana nokubamba, ukuma, kunye neziqulatho eziphindaphindiweyo ze-sinusitis zidibaniswe nokutshiswa kwothuli, kunye nokukhwehlela nokujikeleza.
- Umsebenzi ophuculweyo wamaphaphu - Nangona kuphawulwe ngakumbi nge-softwoods, ukunyuka kwothuli kungabangela ukuhla kwe- pulmonary function . Ukongezelela, ukuthungca uthuli lomthi kungaphazamisa i-cilia, iincinci ezincinci ezinjengomthi wokuphefumula osebenza ukususa i-toxins evela kwi-airways.
Kunconywe iMida yokuPhumela
Ngaphambi kowe-1985, kwakungekho nesikhokelo esincinci kwiKomishoni yokuHlola yezeMpilo kunye neZempilo ngokubhekiselele ekuthungeni uthuli lomthi. Ukususela kulo xesha, kukho imida eyahlukileyo. I-OSHA icetywe umlinganiselo weeyure ezisibhozo ze-1 mg / m3 kwi-hardwood kunye ne-5 mg / m3 yeenkuni ezithambileyo, nangona kunjalo, kwisigqibo sokugqibela, umda we-5 mg / m3 we-hour-limit of adoption. Imbono ebomvu ngothuli lomsedare, apho umlinganiselo weeyure ezisibhozo u-2.5 mg / m3 ngenxa yokukwazi ukuphazamiseka.
Sebenzi eMngciphekweni
Yiyiphi imisebenzi engabangela ukuthungca uthuli lwokhuni olunokuba ngumngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu? Ekuqaliseni ukuba yimiphi imisebenzi engena mngcipheko kubalulekile ukucinga malunga nemisebenzi eyenzeka ekuveleni uthuli lomthi. Ezinye izinto ezisengozini ziquka:
- Ukuchwela
- Abasebenzi bemigodi kunye nephepha
- Iifenitshala zabasebenzi
- Abenzi beKhabinethi
- Abasebenzi beSwill
Iingozi kunye nokuqapha
Ukongezelela ekulandeleni imida yeeyure ezisibhozo kwi-dustwood, kukho izinto ezininzi abaqeshi nabasebenzi abanokuyenza ukuze bancitshiswe. Imisebenzi emininzi ethile (njengokucoca uthuli lomthi kunokuba ihluthe) inokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwakho. Khangela ulwazi lwe-OSHA olujongene neengozi ezinokubakho kunye nezisombululo ezinokwenzeka malunga nokuvelisa uthuli lomthi emisebenzini ukuze ufunde ngeendlela zokunciphisa umthamo wokhuni ophefumula ngawo emsebenzini.
Amathuba okubonakaliswa kwi-Wood Working
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele nje ukuba kunokunye ukutyhila kwizinto ezinobuthi phakathi kwalabo abasebenza ngemithi. Ezinye zeekhemikhali ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezinjengezinye iiglues, zingaba ngumngcipheko womhlaza. Qinisekisa ukuba ufunda i-Material Data Safety Sheets kuzo zonke izinto ozibonise kuwo emsebenzini.
Kuthiwani Ngomsebenzi Wakho Wokubasa?
Ukuboniswa ngothuli lomthi njengento yokuzilibazisa ayibonakali ukuba ithwale ingozi yomhlaza wamaphaphu. Kwiingcaphephe ngoku, ukuthungca uthuli lomthi njengento yokuzilibazisa ayifumananga ukuba inxulumene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kwaye kunye nokuchasana nomsebenzi, ukufunyanwa okufunekayo ukuba "kuhlanganiselwe kwaye kukhulu." Oko kwathiwa, soloko uqhuba ukuphucula umoya ngexesha usebenza ngemithi kunye nayiphi na imichiza. Njalo ufunde iilebhile uze ulandele iingcebiso. Ukuba iilebula icebisa ukusebenzisa iiglavu okanye imaski, thobela loo miyalelo.
Ngaphantsi kweNkuni yeThuthi kunye neNgcipheko yomhlaza weLung
Oku kunokubandezeleka xa ucinga ngemingcipheko yomhlaza kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okuthe ngqo. Unokuzibamba uthi, "Ngaba yonke into ayibangela umdlavuza?" Sekunjalo, ukufunda ngezi ngxaki, nokuthatha inyathelo, akuthethi ukuba kufuneka ube ngumtshatsheli. Kukho amaxesha amancinane anokuthatha amanyathelo okulula ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wakho.
Abaqeshi ngoku banakho izikhokelo kwindawo echaza ubungakanani kunye nenani lexesha apho umntu angavelelwa khona ngothuli ngaphandle kokuphakamisa umngcipheko womhlaza. Oku kuthetha, kubalulekile ukuba abasebenzi baqaphele ezi zikhokelo baze bawalandele, kwaye bathethe ukuba ukuqwalaselwa okufanelekileyo kule miqathango akulandelwa kwindawo yabo yomsebenzi.
Ingaba okanye ungeyena utyunjwe uthuli lomthi, thatha ixesha lokujonga ezi ngcebiso zokunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga . Umdlavuza womlenze ube yimbangela ebangela ukufa kwabantu abesifo somhlaza kubabhinqa nabasetyhini kwaye nangona kungaphantsi komdlavuza, umhlaza wesifo samaphaphu angabikho ababhemayo ngowona weshumi okhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abachaphazeleka ngumhlaza e-United States.
Imithombo:
Alonso-Sardon, M., Chamorro, A., Hernandez-Garcia, I. et al. Umbutho Phakathi koPhulo lwaBasebenzi kunye neNtsholongwane yeKhansela: UkuHlola okuHlolo kunye neMeta-Uhlalutyo. PLoS One . 2015. 10 (7): e0133024.
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. ISizwe lesiZwe soKhuseleko kunye neMpilo ye-Occupational Health (NIOSH). Uthuli Lokhuni. Ukuhlaziywa 09/28/11. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pel88/wooddust.html
Hancock, D., Langley, M., Chia, K., Woodman, R., no-E. Shanahan. Ingozi yokuThulwa kweThuthi kunye neNgcipheko yomhlaza weLung: I-Meta-Analysis. I-Occupational and Environmental Medicine . 2015. 72 (12): 889-98.
Vallieres, E., Pintos, J., Umzali, M., noJiemiatycki. Ukuboniswa komsebenzi kwi-Wood Dust noNgcembeko weNgqungqungquthela yeSifo seLung kwiZifundo ezimbini zokuLawulwa kweeNkundla zoLuntu eMontreal, eCanada. LeMpilo yeNdalo . 2015. 14: 1.