Eyona ndlela ihamba phambili yokufumana iiCancerers ekuqaleni
Sibanzi
Ngethamsanqa, izidumbu ezinobungozi, okanye izicubu zesifo somhlaza, zesigxina se-nasal and sinanas sinus are rare.
Phantse iipesenti ezi-3 zamanqwelana abulalayo entloko nentanyeni zichaphazela isigxina somnxeba kunye nezono ze-paranasal. Ngokubanzi, ezi ngqamana zenza malunga ne-0.5 ekhulwini yazo zonke i-cancer. Ukongezelela, amadoda angakwazi ukugula ngala ma-cancer, kwaye abantu abane-5 kwabathintekayo baneminyaka engama-55 ubudala nangaphezulu.
Kungenxa yokuba into engabonakaliyo, nangona kunjalo, akuthethi ukuba akubalulekanga. Kulabo abaneengcambu ezibi kakhulu zesigxina se-nasal kunye nezono ze-paranasal-malunga nama-2000 aseMerika esanda kuxilongwa rhoqo ngonyaka - kunye nabo bonke abathandekayo babo, ezi zicubu zomhlaza zibi kakhulu.
Ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-American Cancer Society, i-American Cancer rates, okanye iipesenti zabantu abaphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuxilongwa, okokuba isifo somhlaza okanye i-paranasal sinus cancer sisukela kuma-35 ukuya kuma-63 ekhulwini ngokusekelwe kwisigaba okanye ubunzima.
Iyiphi intambo?
Iimpumlo zakho zixhunyiwe emlonyeni wakho ngegumbi lomlomo.
Ziziphi iiSinanasal Sinus?
Izidumbu zineendawo okanye indawo engapheliyo emzimbeni wethu. Isibonda semisango sivulela kwizono ezine zeparanasal ezidibeneyo, ezizungeze isigxina somsi.
Iimpazamo ezinama-maxillary zizona zona zikhulu zihlala kwindawo yesitye. Isono ngasinye sama-maxillary sithintela impumlo ngokwazo kwaye siphantsi kwamehlo.
Izono zangaphambili ziphezu kweenki.
Iimonasi ze-ethmoid zixhumo lwezono ezincinci ezidibeneyo ezakhiwa ngamathambo enqabileyo kunye namathambo amancinci. Ezi zono zilele phakathi kwamehlo akho.
Izono ze-sphenoid zizinzulu empumleni kwaye ziphezu kwamehlo.
Izono zenza izinto ezininzi kuquka oku kulandelayo:
- kucoca kunye nomoya ofudumeleyo
- unike inkxaso ngenkcazelo
- ukukhanyisa isikhala
- kunceda ukuvelisa izwi lakho
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izono zeparanasal zizaliswa ngumoya. Nangona kunjalo xa usulelekile kwaye ushushu, ezi sinas zizalisa ngegazi, i-pus, kunye ne-mucus-yonke into ebangela ukungathandeki kunye nentlungu.
Kuphi i-Nasal Cavity neParanasal Sinus Cancers Ukukhula?
Ininzi yamathambo kunye nezono ze-paranasal zenzeka kwinqanaba le-sinus maxillary. Ngokuqhelekanga, la maqhekeza awanqamle isalathiso samasango, i-vestibule yangasese (esekelwe emnyango wempumlo) kunye nezono ze-ethmoid. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zithandana zithintela iziphambeko zangaphambili okanye ze-sphenoid.
Ukusuka Kuphi Amaseli enza iCality Cavity kunye neParanasal Sinus Cancers?
Iimonsi kunye nomdangci womdaka uhlanganiswe ezininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli kunye nezakhiwo zamaselula kuquka oku kulandelayo:
- iiseli ezinqabileyo
- iiseli ezigwenxa kunye neengcingo ezincinci
- iiseli ezingenakucala
- i melanocytes
- i-lymphocytes (amangqamuzana omzimba)
- iisensi zeethambo
- amathambo eeseli
- iiseli zesisu
Naliphi na iiseli kunokudala umhlaza, nto leyo ichaza ukuba kutheni i-cancer ye-nasal ne-paranasal iyakwazi ukuhlukahluka kwe-histology, okanye ukulungiswa kwamaseli, kunye nokonyango.
Ngokomzekelo, i-melanoma (uhlobo lomhlaza wesikhumba); i-sarcoma (ithambo, umsipha okanye umdlavuza wesikhumba); i-lymphoma (umdlavuza wegazi oquka i-lymphocytes); kunye ne-esthesioneuroblastoma (okanye umdlavuza ovela kwiimbilini ezinobulunga) inokubangela ukuba umdlavuza we-nasal kunye ne-paranasal.
Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza zenzeka kangangoko. Esikhundleni saloo, umdlavuza weselfamous squamous iyona nto ibangela kakhulu i-nasal and paranasal cancer. Amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-50 ale kliniki atholakala kwiiseli zesiganeko. Uhlobo lwesibini oluqhelekileyo lwesigxobo somlomo okanye umdlavuza we-paranasal sinus yi-adenocarcinoma, evela kwiiseli ezigwenxa.
Iimpawu
Amanqaku omhlaza wesangqa kunye nezono ze-paranasal zibonisa okufana neemeko ezingenakunzima ezichaphazela le ndawo (cinga izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane okanye isono). Ekugqibeleni ke, iimvumi zikhula, kwaye zenza umonakalo omkhulu , zibandakanya izakhiwo ezisondeleyo ezinjengamahlo kunye nengqondo.
Nazi ezinye iimpawu zokuqala zamathambo kunye namathambo e-paranasal sinus:
- impumlo enemifinya
- ukudibanisa
- thintelo
- sinus full
- ububele besono
Emva kokuba i-tumor ikhula kwaye idle ezakhiweni ezijikelezile, oku kulandelayo kwenzeka:
- ukuphuma kwempumlo;
- buhlungu;
- izinhlungu zinozinyo (ukuba i-tumor ikhula ngokwaneleyo ukunyamezela ukulwa nentlungu, amazinyo angaphezulu angalimaza);
- iingxaki zamehlo (umzekelo, umbono ombini, ukunyamekela kwamehlo kunye nokulahleka okubonakalayo) /
Ngelishwa, abantu abaninzi abakhoyo okanye ekugqibeleni bathunyelwa kwi-ENT (indlebe, impumlo kunye nomphimbo) onguchwepheshe kunye neengcambu ze-nasana ze-paranasal zenza njalo kamva, emva kokuba ziqala ukufumana iimpawu ukuba ngaba okanye oogqirha babo abanonophelo abanokusayi kuba kubanda, umkhuhlane, isifo (sinus infection) okanye njalo.
Enyanisweni, amaxesha amaninzi aba bantu baye bazama iikhosi ezininzi ze-antibiotics. Ekugqibeleni, ngeli xesha elininzi elinokuthi lala ma-khansa, ubunzima bunyuke kwaye ukugxekwa, okanye umbono, kugcinwa ngakumbi.
Izizathu
Amagciwane e-nasal cavity kunye nes sinus sinus kubangelwa udibaniso lwezityalo (cinga ukuguquka kwemveli) kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.
Imiba emininzi yemingcipheko yentloko kunye nentamo yesifo somhlaza, kubandakanywa isigxina se-nasal kunye ne-paranasal sinus cancers, ziye zacaciswa. Le miba yengozi yenza ukuba kube lula ukuba umntu ahlakulele eso sifo.
Nazi ezinye zeengozi zeengcingo:
- ukutshaya;
- benzisa utywala;
- ukuthungatha uthuli (i-Nickel, isikhumba, izambatho, intyatyambo kunye nomthi);
- i-radiation (njenge-radium efunyenwe kwimifanekiso yokudweba okanye i-radon exposure);
- glues;
- formaldehyde;
- igesi leetardard;
- ukusika ioli;
- oyile amaminerari;
- chromium;
- kugcinwa ukutya;
- I-HPV (igciwane lesifo se-papilloma esenza ukuba i-warts yomzimba);
- I-Epstein-Barr virus;
- I-Paan (uhlobo olushukumisayo olufumaneka eNdiya);
- impilo yomlomo embi (ingozi ebuthathaka);
- Okhokho baseAsia.
Uninzi lwezi zinto zengozi zivela ngenxa yokubakho emsebenzini. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abasebenza kwiifekthi ezivelisa izikhumba, izitye, i-oyile njl
Ngokwexesha elide, iimeko eziqhelekileyo zobungozi eziphakamisa umzi womnxeba kunye ne-paranasal sinus khancer zibhema kwaye zisela kakhulu - ngakumbi xa zidibene.
Ukuxilongwa
Kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zesifo somnxeba kunye ne-paranasal sinus cancers ezinokungabonakali kakuhle - ngokukodwa ekuqaleni - unogqirha we-ENT (indlebe, umphunga nomphimbo), okanye i-otolaryngologist, kuya kufuneka ukuba ukhangele ngqo kunye ne-biopsy, okanye isampuli, i-tumor, okanye ubunzima, ukuqonda oko.
Ngaphambi kokuba enze okanye ulayishe iimvavanyo zokuxilonga, ugqirha uza kuqala ukuhlola intloko nentamo. Ukuba ixilongo lucingelwa, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulelwa kwiziphumo zamehlo okuhlola, njengeminyango yamehlo e-extraocular.
Ukongezelela, iisyusi kunye nesigxina se-nasal sihlolisiswa ngokusondeleyo, zombini ngeendlela zokubonakalisa nokubethelwa okanye ukuthintela. Ngokukodwa, ukugxininisa kwimimandla yesono kungenza intlungu ibe yimeko yokugula okanye izifo.
Nazi izivavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuxilongwa ezingenziwa ukwenzela ukukunceda ukuxilonga le khresela kwaye uceba unyango olufanelekileyo:
- i-endoscopy yomzimba (ityhubhu eguquguqukayo enekhamera kunye nokukhanya okusetyenziselwa ukujonga ngaphakathi kwintambo yamanzi)
- CT
- MRI
- X-ray
- PET yokuhlola
Kule mivavanyo, i-X-ray kunye ne-CT izicatshulwa zikulungele ekuqaliseni ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwizakhiwo ezikuloo ndawo. Nangona, ukukhangela kwe-PET kusetyenziswa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba i-cancer iyasasazeka okanye isetyenziswe. Kucacile ukuba, kubi ngakumbi isigulane xa ezi ntsholongwane zisasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Ukucwangcisa
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iisifo zomdlavuza zomzimba kunye nezono zeparanasal ziintlobo zeentloko zomhlaza kunye nentamo. Njengaye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, intloko kunye neentamo zomhlaza zitholakalayo zisebenzisa izigaba: Isigaba se-0, I, II, III ne-IV. Ezi zigaba zisahlukana ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezithile zesisu. Eyona nqanaba elikhulu, umhlaza unomdla ngakumbi. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zigaba zizimisele ukusebenzisa i- TNM .
I-T kwi-TNM imele i-tumor yokuqala kwaye ibhekisele kubukhulu besisu.
I-N kwi-TNM imele ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node.
I-M kwi-TNM imele i-metastases okanye isasazeka kude.
Akunqwenela umhlaza wesigxina se-nasal okanye i-paranasal sinuses ukusasaza kwii-lymph nodes okanye kwi-metastasize kwaye isasazeka kwenye indawo ekude. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zicubu zinokusasazeka kwizakhiwo ezungeleleyo, kwaye ukuba zixhomekeke kwingqondo, ukufa kunokubangelwa.
Masiqwalasele ngokuthe kratya kwezi nqanaba ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesihloko nentamo.
- Umgudu wesi-0 ngumdla we- carcinoma kwaye ukhona kuphela kwindawo owaqala ngayo. Ukuba ubanjwe kusasa, umdlavuza weSigaba 0 udla ukuphilisa.
- Umhlaza wesigaba se-1 usasaze kulo lonke i-mucosa, okanye ungqimba lwangaphandle lwesigxina samasango okanye isono, kodwa asingenanga ithambo. Ukongezelela, akukho nxaxheba ye-lymph node okanye i-metastases ekhoyo. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society phakathi ko-1998 no-1999, inani le-5 lokusinda kwabantu abanomdla we-Stage 1 kunye nomdlavuza we-paranasal wawungama-63 ekhulwini.
- Umhlaza wesiGaba sesi-2 uye wangena kwithambo. Nangona kunjalo, isifo se-Stage 2 asizange sisasaze kwii-lymph node okanye zidibanise kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusindisa abantu abaneSigaba 2 se-nasal kunye ne-paranasal isuscers sinama-61 ekhulwini.
- Umdlavuza wesiGaba sesi-3 ungabhekisela kwisisu esinyukile sibe yithambo kunye nezinye izakhiwo kwaye zibethe i-lymph nodes. Umlinganiselo weminyaka emihlanu wokusinda kwiNqanaba lesi-3 le-nasal kunye ne-paranasal sinus khancer i-50 ekhulwini
- Umdlavuza wesiGaba sesi-4 ungabhekisela kwisisu esasasazeka ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo ezijikelezileyo kunye ne-lymph nodes kwakunye nokulahlwa kwi-metastases. Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwisigaba se-4 se-nasal kunye ne-paranasal sinus cancers ngama-35 ekhulwini.
Ngokuqhelekileyo intloko kunye neentamo zomhlaza - kuquka i-nasal cavity kunye ne-paranasal sinus tumors - zibandakanya i-lymph nodes okanye zilahla kude i-metastases ezikude. Nangona kunjalo, ama-20 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini abantu abanoo-khansa kwaye abaphenduli kwindlela yokubonisa unyango.
Ingqalelo, i-maxillary sinus kancers - iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zentambo yomzimba kunye ne-paranasal sinus kancers - zinezithuba ezithile. Amanqamu angama-Maxillary sinus angathula ixesha elide ngenxa yokuba sinas maxillary enkulu, kwaye kuthatha ixesha ukuba umhlaza uphumelele kule ndawo.
Ukongeza kwindlela yokugulisa, iimvumi zikwahlulwa, okanye zihlulwe ngokwahlukileyo, zisebenzisa izicubu kunye neesampuli zeeseli kwi-biopsy. Amathunga omgangatho ophantsi ahluke kakuhle kwaye izidumbu zamabanga aphezulu azihlukanisi ngaphantsi okanye azihambelani. Izidumbu ezingabonakaliyo zihlala ziqhubela phambili ngenxa yokuba ziyahlula kwaye zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba zihluke kakuhle.
Unyango
Ukunyanga kwesikhumba semisipha kunye ne-paranasal sinus cancers kuxhomekeke kwisigaba okanye ubunzima bomhlaza kunye nesimo sakho sengonyango.
Ngokomzekelo, umntu onempilo onomdlavuza weSigaba 1 unokunyangwa ngokuhlinzwa kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, umntu onesifo esiphezulu kakhulu angadinga ukuhlinzwa, i-chemo, kunye neyeza. Ekugqibeleni, kubantu abanezifo eziphambili kakhulu ezingenakuphulukiswa, utyando luyakwazi ukucotha ukukhula kwexilongwane kunye nokwandisa ukusinda. Ngamanye amagama, ukunakekelwa ngabantu abanezifo ezisongela ubomi kunokuthi kubekho.
Nazi ezinye iindlela zokonyango kubantu abachaphazelekayo:
- utyando
- chemotherapy
- unyango lwamayeza
- unyango
- unyameko
Abantu abanezifo eziphambili kakhulu bangadinga iindidi ezininzi zeengcali ekunikezeni unyango, njenge-ENT, i-neurosurgeon, i-oncologist yezokwelapha kunye ne-radiation oncologist.
Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo uxela umhlaza wesiqhwa samanzi okanye i-paranasal sinuses, kuyimfuneko ukuba udibane nodokotela kwaye uxoxe ngezixhala zakho. Ekuqaleni kwimiba yale khansa, xa iimpawu zingekho mpela, ugqirha wakho uya kubonakalisa isalathiso esiphantsi somhlaza - ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba le ngqayi ayinqabile.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unomdla wentsapho yaloo mhlaza, uye wavelelwa kwimiba yengozi, uye wafumana iimpawu ezifana neempumlo zempumlo okanye isithintelo sangasese esingahambi nangemva kwemijikelezo ye-antibiotiki okanye zifumana utshintsho oluthile okanye ezinye iingxaki ezibonisa intsholongwane , kunyanzelekile ukuba ubone i-ENT okanye uxelele ugqirha wakho wokunyamekela ukuba ufuna ukubona i-ENT.
Imithombo
I-Fischman ML, i-Rugo HS. Ngomdlavuza. Ku: LaDou J, Harrison RJ. eds. UKUPHATHWA KWEZINDAWO ZONYAKA Nonyango: I-Occupational & Environmental Health, 5e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013.
Mandpe AH. Isahluko 17. I-Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms. Ku: Lalwani AK. eds. UKUPHATHWA KWEZINDAWO ZONYAKA Nonyango kwi-Otolaryngology-Intloko kunye nokuPhepha kweNeck, 3e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.