Amazwi anomdla malunga nesifo sikashukela

I-Trivia iyakumangaza kwaye ikumangalise

I-Trivia inokuzonwabisa kwaye inomdla, ngakumbi xa ufunda malunga nento esondeleyo kwikhaya. Enoba unesifo sikashukela okanye uyazi umntu owenzayo, unokufuna ukufunda iinkcukacha ezithandekayo malunga nesi sifo. Ukubona ukuba unyango olunzulu luye lwaba luncedo njani. Ukongeza, ukufunda ngakumbi ngesifo sikashukela kunokunceda ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho kwaye kukukhuthaza ukuba uthathe ulawulo.

Njengoko ilizwi lihamba, ulwazi lunamandla.

Amazwi anomdla malunga nesifo sikashukela

1. Ingxelo yokuqala eyabhalwa ngokubhekiselele kwisifo sikashukela yayineminyaka eyi-1500 BC kwi-Eby yaseGibhithe yasepapyrus. Kwakubhekiselele kwiimpawu zokuvuthwa rhoqo.

2. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezifana nokunxanwa, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kunye nokugqithisa okugqithiseleyo kwaqaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwe-1200 ngaphambi kokuba eso sigama sabizwe.

3. Udokotela waseGrisi u-Aretaeus (30-90 CE) wachazwa ngokuza negama elithi "iswekile." Wabhala isifo ngeempawu ezifana nokunxanwa rhoqo (i-polydipsia), ukucoka ngokweqile (polyuria) kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo. Wabiza igama elithi "isifo sikashukela," esithetha "ukugeleza."

4. UDkt. Thomas Willis (1621-1675) obizwa ngokuba ngu-diabetes "ububi obunobunzima" kwaye uchaza umchamo wabantu abanesifo sikashukela se-2 "ngokumnandi ngokumnandi, njengokungathi kwakunobusi okanye ushukela." Kwakhona wayengowokuqala ukuchaza intlungu kunye nokubethelwa kwingozi yomdla ngenxa yesifo sikashukela.

1. Kwixesha la mandulo, oogqirha babeza kuvavanya isifo sikashukela ngokuhlwaya umchamo ukuze babone ukuba kwakumnandi. Abantu abaye banambitha umchamo ukuba bahlole isifo sikashukela babizwa ngokuba "ngamanzi." Ezinye iindlela zokuhlola zibandakanya ukukhangela ukubona ukuba umchamo uthande iintuthwane okanye iimpukane.

2. Ngasekupheleni kwee-1850, udokotela waseFransi ogama linguPriorry wacebisa izigulane zakhe isifo sikashukela ukuba sidle ubuninzi beshukela. Ngokusobala, loo ndlela yonyango ayizange ihlale, njengoko ushukela landisa i-sugar sugars.

1. Emuva kwimihla, kwakungekho iimitha ze-glucose zamitha. Kunoko, bavavanya ishukela yegazi usebenzisa umchamo. Ngo-1941, i-Ames Diagnostics basebenzisa iipilisi zokuhlola i-Clinitest® ze-urine ze-urine ze-urine ukuvavanya umchamo. Oku kuthetha ukuxuba umchamo kunye namanzi kwiphubhu yokuvavanya kunye nokongeza ipilisi encinci yeblue eyabangela ukumelana neekhemikhali ezinokubangela ukulimala ngokomzimba ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu. Umbala wamanzi uya kubonisa ukuba kukho i-glucose kumchamo.

2. Ngowe-1969 ukuya ku-1970, umlinganiselo wokuqala wegazi we-glucose wamitha wenziwa ngu-Ames Diagnostics. Kwabizwa ngokuba yi-Ames Reflectance Meter (ARM). Emva koko u-Ames waba yingxenye yeBayer. Isixhobo sakhange sifane nezinto ezifana neetric tyenziso ezisetyenziswe kwinqaku lokuqala le Star Star. Zibiza ngeedola ezingama-650 kwaye zodwa oogqirha abazisebenzisayo kwizenzo zabo okanye kwizibhedlele. Iimitha ze-glucose zegazi eziphathekayo ekusebenziseni ikhaya izigulane azithengiswa kwi-US ukuya kuma-1980.

3. UDkt. Richard Bernstein, umbhali wencwadi ethandwa kakhulu yiDkt Bernstein's Diabetes Solution , wayengumntu wokuqala ukusebenzisa imitha ephathekayo ukujonga izinga lakhe leshukela lekhaya ekhaya. Wayenguye injini ngelo xesha kunye nempilo embi ngenxa yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Wathola i-ARM imitha yayithetha kuphela oogqirha. Ekubeni wayengengudokotela ngelo xesha, wathetha umfazi wakhe (owayengumhlengikazi) ukuba afumane isixhobo kuye. Isifo sakhe sikashukela siphucule kakhulu. Wandula ke wakhankanya i-home blood glucose metres yokusebenzisa isigulane ekhaya. Akakwazanga ukufumana iincwadana zezobugqirha ukupapasha izifundo zakhe, ngoko-engama-43 ubudala ubudala waya esikolweni sezokwelapha waza waba yi-endocrinologist.

1. UDkt. Elliott P. Joslin, umsunguli we-Joslin Diabetes Centre, wayengudokotela wokuqala ukuba ahlolisise kwisifo sikashukela kwaye akhuthaze ukuphathwa kwakhe. Waba nomdla emva kokuba u-anti wakhe afunyanwe kwaye watshelwa ukuba akukho pheko kunye nethemba elincinci. Wafa ngesifo sikashukela kungekudala. Unina wafunyaniswa ngumnyaka waqalisa ukusebenza kwakhe ngo-1898 (embalwa kweminyaka emva kokufa kuka-kanina). Wamncedisa ukulawula isifo sikashukela waza waphila iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-10 eyayiyinto enzima kakhulu kumaxesha.

2. UDkt. Elliot P. Joslin uthe isifo sikashukela "sisona sigqirha sezifo ezingapheliyo" ngenxa yokuba "sihlambulukile, sisoloko singaboni kakuhle, singenasifo esithintekayo, sisoloko sibuhlungu kwaye sithintela unyango."

1. Ngo-1916, uDkt. Frederick M. Allen uphuhliso lweprogram yonyango lwesibhedlele eyayinciphisa ukondla kwesigulane sesifo sikashukela kwi-whiskey exutywe nekhofi emnyama (isobho esicacileyo sabangasayiyo. Izigulane zanikwa umxube rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbini ukuya kutshatyalaliswa ushukela kumchamo (ngokuqhelekileyo kwiintsuku ezingama-5). Baye banikwa ngokutya okunqongophe kakhulu kwe-carbohydrate. Le nkqubo inemiphumo engcono yonyango ngexesha layo. Umsebenzi ka-Allen wawuchukumisa uDkt. Elliot P. Joslin owawusebenzisa njengesizathu sokufunda nokunyanga okunyanzelekileyo kokutya.

2. UDkt. Priscilla White uphayona unyango lwesifo sikashukela ekukhulelweni. Wajoyina isenzo sikaDkt. Elliott P. Joslin ngowe-1924 xa izinga lokuphumelela kwentlungu lilingama-54%. Ngethuba lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi wakhe ngo-1974, izinga lokuphumelela kwe-fetal laliyi-90%.

3. Ngaphambi kowe-1921, unyango olukhethiweyo lwesifo sikashukela se-2 lwaluyindlala okanye yindlala.

4. Ngowe-1922, i-pancreas yafunyanwa ukuba negalelo kwisifo sikashukela. Abaphengululi befunda ukugaya, basuse i-pancreas kwizinja zasekhaya kwilebhu. Umncedisi waphawula inani elikhulu leentuthwane ezithandwayo kumchamo weenja. Umchamo wavivinywa kwaye wafunyanwa ukuba unesilinganiselo esiphezulu kakhulu seswekile.

5. Uhlobo lwe-1 kwaye luhlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela lwahlukana ngokusemthethweni ngo-1936. Nangona kunjalo, umehluko wawucacisiwe kuma-1700 xa udokotela ephawula abanye abantu abahluphekileyo kwiimeko ezingapheliyo kunabanye abafa kwiintsuku ezingaphantsi kweeveki emva kokuqala kweempawu.

6. Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, inani elininzi labantu abanesifo sikashukela liqikelelwa kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia kunye neMiphondo yeNtshona yePasifiki, eqikelelwa malunga nesiqingatha sesifo sikashukela kwihlabathi.

7. Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-422 abaphila nesifo sikashukela emhlabeni jikelele (idatha ukususela ngo-2014), phantse ukuphindwe kabini ukusukela ngo-1980.

8. Ngowe-1942, kwaqala ukuchongwa imithi yokuqala yomshukela we-2, i-sulfonylurea (iyeza elikhuthaza i-pancreas ukuvelisa i-insulin).

9. Ngowe-1963 umboniso wokuqala we-insulin 'pump' eyanikela i-glucagon kunye ne-insulin yayifana nekhefu kwaye yaveliswa nguDkt. Arnold Kadish.

10. Namhlanje kukho iikhosi ezingaphezulu kwe- 7 zamachiza omlomo ukunceda ukuphatha nokuphatha isifo sikashukela se-2.

11. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela se-2 nabo bangasebenzisa ii-injection ze-insulin, i- GLP-1 agonists ukwenzela unyango nolawulo lwe-Type 2 yeswekile.

12. Ngo-2016, i-Federal Drug Administration yavuma ukuba inkqubo yokuqala yokuvalwa kwe-insulin ebizwa nge-Minimed 670G.

13. Ngo-2017, imitha yokuqala ye-glucose ngaphandle kokubamba ngomunwe kwintengiso ye-US. I-Freestyle Free System isebenzisa iteknoloji yakutshanje ukubonelela ngexesha lokufunda i-glucose rhoqo ngeminithi isebenzisa isenzi esilungelelaniswa ngaphambili (akudingeki ukuba uyilinganise ngendwangu yomunwe, oku kwenziwa kwicandelo).

14. Ngo-2018, i-FDA yavuma ukusebenzisa i -agonist entsha ye- GLP-1 , i- Novo Nordisk ye-Ozempic (i-semaglutide), njengesigqibo sokutya kunye nokuzivocavoca kunyango lwesifo sikashukela kubantu abadala. I-Semaglutide yi-agonist yesixhenxe ye-GLP-1 iya kuvunywa e-United States kunye nesine yesineki ngeveki ukufumana imvume.

Izibonelelo:

1. I-World Health Organization. Ingxelo yehlabathi kwiSifo sikashukela.

2. I-Diabetes.co.uk. Umdla wesifo sikashukela.