Iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wesisu zingabandakanya ubunzima bokugwinya, ukubuyisela ukutya, ukuguquka, ukulahleka kwesisindo, nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo. Izimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-hiccups, i-pneumonia, okanye i-lymph nodes ephakamileyo entanyeni kwaye ngaphezu kwe-collarbone ingenzeka ngenxa yokusasazeka komhlaza. Ukuba nolwazi malunga neempawu ezinokubaluleka kubalulekile, abantu abaninzi basebenza ukujongana nabo (bathi, ngokutya ukutya okunothileyo) ngaphambi kokuba baqonde ukuba baneengxaki.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwisifo, abantu banokuba nemiqondiso embalwa yesifo somhlaza. Xa iimpawu ziqala ukuvela, zininzi zazo zibangelwa i-tumor enciphisa isisu, okwenza kube nzima ukuba ukutya kudlule. Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
Uluhlu Olukhuphayo
Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia) ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo wesifo somhlaza wesisu, esenzeka kuma 90% ukuya kuma-95 ekhulwini abantu abaneempawu zesifo. Ukuba i- esophagus iyancipha ngenxa yomhlaza, ukutya kunokufumana ixesha elinzima ukudlula ngendlela eya kwisisu. Ukuba ukutya kuhla, umntu unokuva ukuba kuthatha ixesha elide kunokoqhelekileyo ukwenza oko, ukudala ukuvakalelwa "kokutya ukutya" okanye ukukhokelela umntu ukuba angene. Oko kwathiwa, i-esophagus ibonakala ilula phambi kokuba impawu zivele.
Ukujongana nemingeni kudla ngokuqala ngokutya okuqinileyo (ingakumbi inyama, isinkwa, kunye nemifuno eluhlaza), kodwa kunokugqithisa ngakumbi ukuquka ukutya kwe-semisolid kwaye ekugqibeleni utywala.
Ngexesha lokuxilongwa, abaninzi abantu bayaqaphela ukuba sele beqalile ukulungelelanisa ukutya kwabo ngokungazi kakuhle, ukuhlafuna izinto ngokutya ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuphepha ukutya okunokuthi banamathele.
Ukugquma okubuhlungu
Ukulahla kungabangela ubuhlungu (odynophagia) malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zabantu.
Intlungu ingavelelwa phakathi kwexesha elincinci lokugwinya xa ukutya okanye utywala kufinyelela kwisisu kwaye asinakudlula. Ubunzima buya kwenzeka nokuba umhlaza unobangela obunzima kwibala, okanye ukuba uhlasele izicubu ezizungezile. Ubuhlungu phakathi kwamahlombe emagxeni emva okanye oko kweso sifuba sinokuvakalelwa ngokugwinya.
Ukuphindaphinda kwakhona kokutya okanye ukucima
Xa ukutya kungadluli lula nge-esophagus, iyakwazi ukubuyela iphelele kwaye ingabonakaliyo. Oku kwenzeka kuma-40 ekhulwini abantu abanomdlavuza wesisu. Ukuvuthwa kokutya okanye igazi kungase kwenzeke, ingakumbi xa isifo sikhohlela ukuhlamba.
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachazwanga
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenaluliso ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo wesifo somhlaza wesifo somhlaza, esibekwe kwisiqingatha sabantu ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Ukulahleka kobunzima obungenasiseko kuchazwa njengokulahlekelwa kweepesenti ezingama-5 zesisindo somzimba okanye ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezi-12. Umzekelo uya kuba ngumfazi onamawaka angama-150 alahlekelwa ngamaphilisi angama-7.5 kwiinyanga ezintandathu ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwindlela yokutya okanye yokuzilolonga. Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kunokubangelwa kokusweleka kwesondlo ngenxa yokugungqa ubunzima kunye nesifo se-tumabol ngokwazo.
Ukuqumba, ukuxhamla intlungu, kunye ne-Indigestion
Inzwa yokutshisa okanye intlungu emva kwesifuba ( ukucheka kwentliziyo ) iqhelekile, kwaye rhoqo (ubuncinane ekuqaleni) iqala emva kwesidlo esikhulu.
Oku kungaba ngumqondiso ocelomngeni njengoko ukuguquka kwentliziyo kubonakalisa uphawu lwe-aclux reflux (isifo se-reflux gastroesophageal, GERD), isifo esisemngciphekweni somhlaza wesisu . Kwalabo abane-asidi abaye bahlaziya, utshintsho kumgangatho okanye ubunzima beempawu zokuguquka kunokubonisa ubungqina bomhlaza.
Ngokuhambisana nokutshisa, abanye abantu baziva uxinzelelo lwesifuba kwaye besoyika ukuba bahlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukususela ekubeni isifo senhliziyo kubasetyhini sisoloko sinika izibonakaliso ezingacacanga, njengalezo zichazwe nje, iimpawu zokutshisa kunye nexinzelelo esifubeni kufuneka zihlale zihlolwe ngugqirha.
Isiqhamo esiqhubekayo
Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kubakho kuma-20 ekhulwini abantu abafumana ukuba banomdlavuza wesisu.
Isikhwehlo sisoloko somile kwaye siyakhathaza kwaye sinokuvela nasiphi na imini. Ukuqhwaba kungadluka emva kokutya (ngokuqhelekileyo kunxulumene neengxaki zesifo somhlaza) okanye ungenalo ubudlelwane bokutya.
Ukuthuka
Ukuvakalelwa kwexabiso , ukulahleka kwezwi, okanye imfuneko yokucima umqala wakho kungabikho uphawu lokuqala lwesifo, ingakumbi xa kungekho sici esicacileyo esinokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula. Ukuxhaphaza kudla kwenzeka xa i-tumor iquka i-nerve eyaziwa njenge-laryngeal nererve.
I-Saliva engaphezulu
Ukunceda ukudlulisa ukutya ngokusebenzisa i-esophagus, umzimba wenza amaninzi. Njengoko kunzima kakhulu ukugwinya, umzimba uvelisa amaninzi amaninzi ukuhlawula.
Black Stools
Ukulinda, izitulo ezimnyama , ezibizwa ngokuba yi-melena, zenzeke ngenxa yokuphuma kwi-esophagus. Igazi ukusuka kwipopu kunye nomtya ophezulu wokuguqula uguqula umnyama ngenxa yokutyhila kwi-acid acid.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Kukho nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zesifo somhlaza. Zininzi zezi zinto zenzeka ngenxa yokuhlasela kwe-tumor kwiisuncu eziseduze okanye zisasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
AmaHiccups
Iingcingo zingenzeka xa i-tumor esophageal ingena kwi-strenic nerfrag. Ukutshitshiswa kwezi zakhiwo kubangele ukuphambana okuphindaphindiweyo kwesithintelo.
Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
Abantu banokuphefumla okufutshane ngenxa yokusasazeka kwendawo yesisu kwisifubeni okanye ukusukela kunye ne-pneumonia elandelayo.
Ukwandiswa kweLymph Nodes
I-lymph nodes eziguqayo zingenzeka kwindawo ephakamileyo ngaphezu kwe-collarbone (i-nucleuvicular nodes) okanye intamo (i-lymph nodes).
Ukunyamezela ngaphezu kwamabhondi
Ukusasazeka komhlaza kumathambo (amathambo e-boneastases) kunokubangela ububele kunye nentlungu ngaphezu kwamathambo. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-fracture iyenzeka ngendawo yecala elibuthathaka. Ukusasaza amathambo kunokubangela nezinga eliphezulu le-calcium egazini (i- hypercalcemia ) engakhokelela kwiinkampu ze-muscle, ubuthathaka kunye nokudideka.
Umqolo obuhlungu
Intlungu ebuhlungu ihamba ngokuqhelekileyo kwisifo somhlaza esophageal ngenxa yokuhlasela kwe-tumor kwindawo ephakathi kwemiphunga (i- mediastinum ) okanye phakathi kweembrane ezihamba ngentliziyo (i- pericardium ).
Iingxaki
Kukho ubuninzi beengxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ngomhlaza wesisu. Ezinye zezi zinto zivela ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwendawo, njengokunciphisa kunye / okanye ukukhukuliseka kwe-esophagus. Ezinye zingenzeka ngenxa yokusasazeka kwe-tumor, kanti abanye banokukwenza nobunzima bokufumana isondlo esaneleyo kunye nesisu esincinci. Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka zibandakanya:
Ukukhutshwa kwe-Esophageal
Ukuvalwa komzimba kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela kwiimpawu ezibangelwa ukuxilongwa. Kubantu abaninzi abanesifo, ukufakwa kwe-stent e-stent kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba ukutya kunokwenzeka. Iibhubhu zeplastiki ezizinzileyo (okanye njengenye indlela, iinkqubo ezenziwa ngayo i-esophagus) zivame ukuphumela kwiinkathazo ezininzi, ezinjenge-perforation. Amacandelo amasha, afana nokuqhafaza kweso sakhiwo kunye nezixhobo ezichasayo, zinikeza isisombululo esihle ngakumbi kule ngxaki eqhelekileyo.
I-Tracheoesophageal Fistula
I-fistula (indlela engavumelekanga) ingaba phakathi kwe-oopopus kunye ne- trachea , ityhubhu phakathi komlomo kunye ne-bronchi yemiphunga, ngenxa yokungena kwe-tumor nokuvutha. Xa oku kwenzeka, izinto ezivela kwi-esopha zingadlula ngqo kwi-trachea kunye nemiphunga. Xa kunjalo, i-fistula ye-tracheoesophageal idla ngokubangela ukukhwehlela ngokugwinya kunye ne-pneumonia. Unyango lungabandakanya ukubeka i-stents kwi-esophagus kunye / okanye kwi-trachea. Amashishini amasha, afana nokubeka iiplabhu ezinjenge- bronchi , nazo zinokuqwalaselwa.
Aortoesophageal Fistula
Into engaqhelekanga, kodwa imeko yokusongela ubomi ifumaneka xa i-fistula ifom phakathi kwe-esopha kunye ne-aorta, isitya esikhulu segazi esithwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya kuwo wonke umzimba. Xa oko kwenzeka, ngokuqhelekileyo ekupheleni kwesi sifo, iimpawu zidla ngokugqithisa ngokubomvu okuvela emlonyeni kunye nentlungu phakathi kwendawo yesifuba. Xa ufumanisa ngokukhawuleza, ukuhlinzwa ngokukhawuleza ngamanye amaxesha kunokusombulula i-fistula.
Ukuphefumlelwa kwePneumonia
Ukukhethwa ekudleni okanye i-fistula ivame ukukhokelela ekuphefumuleni kwimixholo yesisu kunye nesisu ukuya kumaphaphu. Xa oku kwenzekayo, kunokukhokelela ekufuneni i-pneumonia , imeko leyo idinga ukuba i-hospitalization kunye ne-antibiotics.
Ukunyuka kwegazi (ukuhlamba)
Ukuphaphazeleka okukhulu kunokwenzeka kwakhona ngenxa yesilonda kunye / okanye ukugqithwa kwe-oopopus, okanye njengengxaki yokubeka indawo. Izinketho ziya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko kodwa zingabandakanya i-cautery (ukutshisa imilambo yegazi).
Ukungondleki
Inkxalabo eqhelekileyo yomhlaza wesifo sokusondeza isifo esingondleki ngenxa yokunciphisa amandla okutya nokugwinya ukutya. Oku kungadinga ityhulo yokutya, ifakwe kumphunga okanye kwisisu, ukubonelela ngesondlo.
Nini ukubona iDokotela
Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ekhankanywe ngasentla. Nangona kukho ezininzi ezinokubangela ezininzi zezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna iimpendulo ukuze unyango olufanelekileyo luqaliswe kungakhathaliseki isizathu. Iimpawu zindlela yomzimba wakho wokukutshintsha kwiingxaki ezinokuba nazo. Thetha ugqirha wakho, kwaye ukuba awufumani iimpendulo, cela kwakhona. Ukuba ngummeli wakho ungenza umehluko omkhulu-ngamanye amaxesha ulwahlulo lobomi kunye nokufa-ekufumaneni unyameko oluyimfuneko kwaye ufanelwe.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. I-Esophageal Cancer: Iimpawu kunye neMpawu. Updated 12/2016. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/esophageal-cancer/symptoms-and-signs
> Bast, R., Croce, C., Hait, W. et al. I-Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. Wiley Blackwell, ngo-2017.
> Zhou, C., Hu, Y., Xiao, Y., kunye noWin Yin. Ukwelashwa kwangoku kwe-Tracheoesophageal Fistula. Uphuhliso lwezonyango kwiintsholongwane zokuphefumula . 2017. 11 (4): 173-180.