Ngaba i-HPV Infections ingakuphakamisa ingozi yakho yeCyrus Cancer?
Kuphononongo olwenziwe ngo-2008 lwezifundo ezingama-53 ezipapashwe kwiphepha le- Lung Cancer , abalobi bathi i-HPV ingaba yeso sibini siphumo somhlaza wamaphaphu emva kokubhema ugwayi, kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo kulo mbandela lufuneka kakhulu. Yintoni esiyifunde ukususela ngelo xesha? Ingaba kukho udibaniso lwendlela ethile phakathi kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu?
Yintoni i-HPV (Human Papillomavirus)?
I-HPV (i-papillomavirus yabantu) iqoqo leentsholongwane ezingaphezu kwe-200 ezinokuchaphazela abantu.
Kule ndawo, malunga nama-30 banako ukudala umdlavuza, kunye nezona zixhaphakileyo "ezibangelwa ngumhlaza" ziyi-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18.
I-HPV isoloko isasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano lolusu-klasini, rhoqo ngesondo. Uninzi lwasulelo lwe-HPV lucacile ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emi-2 ngaphandle kokubangela ezinye iingxaki, kodwa ezinye zihlala zihleli. Usulelo lwe-HPV olwenza "umdlavuza obangela umdlavuza" aluthetha ukuba umntu uya kuba nomhlaza. Enyanisweni, ezininzi iintsholongwane ze-HPV aziyi kuba ngumhlaza.
I-HPV yaziwa ngokusasaza iiseli ze-epithelial kwaye isebenza ukuphazamisa iinkqubo zamaselula eziqhelekileyo ezilawula ukukhula kweseli. Nangona oko kwenzeka, uninzi lwala maseli angaqhelekanga luya kubonwa kwaye lususwe ngamajoni ethu omzimba.
HPV kunye neCarcer
I-HPV sele iqalwe ngokudlala indima kwiimeko ezininzi zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kunye neemeko ezininzi zomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesibeleko, umdlavuza we-penile , malunga neepesenti ezingama-95 zeengcingo zomhlaza, kunye neepesenti ezingama-70 zomdlavuza womlomo, ingakumbi ezo zenzeka ezincinci, ezingekho abafazi abasetyhini.
I-HPV 18 ne-HPV 16 yimbangela yeepesenti ezingama-70 ze-HPV ezibangelwa i-cervical cancer, kwaye i-HPV 16 ixanduva le-HPV engaphezu kwesigamu se-HPV.
Ngaloo ndlela, siyazi ukuba ukusuleleka kwe-HPV kungabangela umdlavuza kwaye kubangela ezinye iintsholongwane kufuphi nommandla wamaphaphu. Siyazi kwakhona ukuba izifo zentsholongwane zingabangela inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umzekelo, abo abane-HIV abaneengxaki ze-HIV banakho ukuhlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabo bangenayo i-HIV, kodwa ngaba kunokubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu?
Iingxaki zeCarcer Cancer and Factors
Ukujonga iimbangela zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngelishwa, i- stigma yokuba umhlaza wesifo somphunga uyisifo sobhemayo kuye kwandlela inkqubela phambili ekuhloliseni ezinye izizathu ezinokwenzeka. Kodwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvela kubantu abangabhemi. E-United States, ama-20 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abazange bashiye i-cigarette enye, kwaye loo nombolo iphakama ibe ngama-50 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abanomdlavuza wemiphunga emhlabeni wonke abangabhemi bomi. Enyanisweni, umhlaza wamaphaphu angabikho ababhemayo ngowona-6 okhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abachaphazeleka ngumhlaza e-United States.
Siyazi kwakhona ukuba akusiyo wonke umntu otshayayo okhulisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kwaye ukutshaya okunokwenzeka kusebenza kwi synchrony kunye neminye yemingcipheko ebangela umdlavuza. Ngaba i-HPV enye yezo zinto?
Imbali kunye neJografi ye-HPV kunye ne-Cancer Cancer
Ingxaki yokuba i-HPV ingadlala indima ekuphuhliseni umhlaza wemiphunga yiphakanyiswa okokuqala ngo-1979. Izifundo eziliqela ukususela ngelo xesha zifumene ubungqina be-HPV DNA kumdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa oku kuyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwimihlaba . EUnited States, i-HPV DNA ifunyenwe malunga neepesenti ezingama-15 zamanomdlavuza emiphunga, kuxhomekeke kwisifundo, nge-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18 efunyenwe kakhulu-iinjongo ezininzi ezibandakanya umhlaza wesibeleko.
EYurophu, ubukho be-HPV DNA kumagciwane angaphazamisi lungamaphesenti angama-17, kodwa le nombolo iya kwiiphesenti ezingama-69 eGrisi naseTaiwan kunye nama-79 ekhulwini eJapan. Siyazi ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abangabhemi kuqhelekileyo e-Asia. Siyazi kwakhona ukuba i-HPV ibonakala ifunyanwa ngokubanzi kumaseli omhlaza wamaphaphu kunye nabangabhemi kunabesilisa nabantu abatshunayo.
Izifundo ezimbini ze-2016 zibonisa oku kwahlukana kwendawo. Kwisifundo esithile, kwafunyanwa ukuba abafazi baseTaiwan babenomdla kakhulu wokuvelisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu xa bebekwe kwi-HPV. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukufundwa kweTshayina akufumananga nantlangano phakathi kwama-antibodies e-HPV (uphawu lokungcola) kunye nophuhliso lomhlaza wemiphunga.
Ngaba i-HPV Infection Caause Cancer Lung Cancer?
Nangona i-HPV ifunyenwe kumaseli omhlaza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi kwi- squamous cell carcinoma yemiphunga , ukubaluleka kwekliniki yokufumana i-HPV kumaseli omhlaza wamaphaphu akungaziwa okanye kuqondwa. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezizathu ukuba lo mbuzo awuphenduli lula.
I Causation vs. Correlation
Ingaba ukuba khona kwe-HPV kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kubonisa ukuba i- causation (leyo HPV ibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu) ngumnye umbuzo. Kungenxa yokuba kukho ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwezinto ezi-2-kule meko ubukho be-HPV kunye nophuhliso lomhlaza wesifo somphunga-asitsho nto malunga ne-causation. Indlela elula yokuchaza oku kukusebenzisa umzekelo. Kukho ulungelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kokutya i-ayisikrimu kunye nokucwina kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ukutya i-ayisikrimu kubangela ukuba ukumanzela kuvele. Kule meko, kukho ukulungiswa phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezingenakulinganiswa.
Ukongezelela, endaweni yokuxhatshazwa okanye ukulungelelaniswa okungahambelaniyo, ubukho be-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunokuba ibe ngumbuzo "wekhukhu neqanda". Yiyiphi eya kuqala? Mhlawumbi izicubu zamaphaphu ezonakaliswe ubukho bomhlaza zithinteka kakhulu ukuba zithatheleleke nge-HPV. Ukuba ngaba kunjalo, i-HPV iza kuthathwa ngokuba yi- "ntsholongwane ekhethekileyo " ngokufana nokusuleleka kubantu abane-HIV. Ngomdlavuza, ngumonakalo obangelwa yi-HIV eyenza umzimba uthinteke kwizifo ezifana ne-pneumocystis pneumonia, kungekhona ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-HIV.
I-Cancer Primary Lung vs. Metastases
Kwezinye iinjongo, umhlaza wemiphunga ubonakala uqhelekileyo kulabo abanomdlavuza wesibeletho. Kwisifundo esisodwa esikhulu (okokugqitywa ukuba i-HPV ayidla ngokukhawuleza ukuba idibene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu eCanada naseNyakatho Melika), kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukusuleleka kwe-HPV kwakukho kwiipesenti eziyi-1.5 zezigulane kwaye zonke izi gulane ziye zadlula iintsholongwane zentsholongwane (ezifana nomhlaza wesibeleko okanye ngomlomo) ezihlobene ne-HPV. Nangona le mdlavuza wemiphunga ibonakala ngathi yimihlaza yamaphaza ephambili, umbuzo ophakanyisiwe kukuba, ezi zifo zingabonisa umdlavuza wamathambo kumaphaphu ukusuka kumdlavuza wesibeleko womlomo wesibeleko kunye nomlomo.
HPV njengeCarogogen
Siqinisekile ukuba i-HPV isebenza njenge- carcinogen-into eyenza umdlavuza- xa ifika kwintsholongwane, i-penile, isondo, kunye nomdlavuza womlomo, kodwa kuthekani ngomhlaza wamaphaphu? Ukuba i-HPV ifakwe kumdlavuza wamaphaphu, ingcamango yangoku ibonakala ngathi i-HPV inokuba ngumfaki - cofactor ekuveliseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngamanye amazwi, intsholongwane ingasebenza kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezifana no-radon okanye ukukhutshwa kwecuba ukuvelisa umhlaza. Kwakhona kucatshangelwa ukuba, ngokungafani nomhlaza wesibeleko, ukuba i-HPV iyona nto ibangele okanye i-cofactor kumdlavuza wamaphaphu, mhlawumbi oku kungagcinwa kuphela kumdlavuza wesifo samaphaphu.
I-HPV neLung Cancer Prognosis
Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, abo bantu abanobungqina be-HPV kumaseli omhlaza wamaphaphu babonakala benokugqithiswa okungcono kunabo abangenabo ubungqina be-HPV kumaseli omhlaza wamaphaphu. Oku kufunyanwe kukunika inkcazo kwi-HPV inomdlavuza wemiphunga xa uthelekiswa nomdlavuza womlomo. Amanqamzana omlomo aphethwe yi-HPV athambekele ekuhlaseleni okungcono kunezo ezihlobene nokusetyenziswa kwecuba.
Okukwintsusa
Kuza kwenzeka ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba siyazi ukuba, ukuba kukho, ubuhlobo bokwenene phakathi kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokwenene. Njengoko kuphawuliwe, kukho iinguqu ezininzi esingaziqondiyo. Uphando olongezelelweyo luya kufuneka ukuphonononga ubukho be-HPV kumaseli omhlaza wamaphaphu, kwaye uchaze ukungafani kweendawo ezibonakala ngathi zikhoyo. Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, ukulungiswa okucacileyo phakathi kwe-HPV kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga akubonakali ukuba yintoni. Kungenzeka ukuba ahambelani, okanye nokuba loo mzimba yintsholongwane yomdlavuza iyingozi kakhulu yokusuleleka kwi-HPV kwaye umhlaza wesifo somdlavuza "imbangela" yokukhulelwa kwe-HPV kunokuba yindlela ejikeleze.
HPV Prevention
Ngoko oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuthintela? Ukunciphisa ukuboniswa kwe-HPV ngokusebenzisa isondo ekhuselekileyo kuyisiqalo esihle. Kulabo abasesidongeni malunga nokugonya kwe- HPV , oku kunokunika inkxaso encinane.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi yomhlaza weLung
Siyambulela siyazi ngemimandla emingcipheko yomdlavuza wamaphaphu apho sinolawulo. Hlola ezi zi- 10 iingcebiso zokuthintela umdlavuza . Qinisekisa ukuba uye wahlola ikhaya lakho nge- radon - eyona nto ibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangabhemi kwaye cinga ukufaka ezinye zezi zokutya ezicingwe ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza kwimiphunga ekudleni kwakho. Futhi ungalibali: nabani na abaneemiphunga bangakwazi ukufumana umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Imithombo:
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U-Fan, X., Yu, K., Wu, J. et al. Ulungelelaniso phakathi kwe-squamous cell carcinoma yompompo kunye nesifo se-papillomavirus yabantu kunye nolwalamano nokubonakalisa kwe-p53 kunye ne-p16. Biology Biology . 2015. 36 (4): 3043-9.
Lin, F., Huang, J., Tsai, S. et al. Ubambiswano phakathi kwe-papillomavirus yabantu kunye nomhlaza wesifo samaphaphu: Isifundo seqela esekelwe ngabantu. Amachiza (iBaltimore) . 2016. 95 (23): e3856.
National Cancer Institute. I-Papillomaviruses yabantu kunye neCarcer: Imibuzo neempendulo. 02/19/15. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-fact-sheet.
Prabhu, P., Jayalekshmi, D., noMnu Pillai. I-Cancer ye-Lung ne-Human Papilloma Viruses (HPVs): Ukuhlola i-Molecular Proof. Journal of Oncology . 2012. I-ID 750270.
van Boerdonk, R., Daniels, J., Bloemena, E. et al. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaphaza omninzi ophezulu wengozi yomzimba: ubungqina bemeleksi kwipatheni ye-metastasis ye-pulmonary. Umbhalo we-Thoracic Oncology . 2013. 8 (6): 711-8.
Zhai, K., Ding, J., no H. Shi. Umngcipheko we-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu: uhlalutyo lwe-meta. Umbhalo we-Clinical Virology . 2015. 63: 84-90.