Iingozi zobomi beHookah Ukubhema kunye nezinye zeMpilo

by Lynne Eldridge, MD; Ukuphononongwa nguGrant Hughes, MD

I-Hookah, okanye umpompo wokutshaya, ngumntu waseNdiya oqhelekileyo oye wabanjwa njengentambo yentlalo e-United States.

Nangona i-1 kwabali-6 abaphakamileyo bezikolweni eziphakamileyo baye bazama i-hookah, ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini kwabafundi beekholeji baye bafumana lo mkhuba omtsha; umkhangeli oye wabukela i-hookah lounges ephakamileyo kufuphi neekholeji nakwiiyunivesithi eziselunxwemeni.

Ukudibanisa uphando lokubhema i-cigarette kunye nenyaniso yokuba i-hookah ibhalwe ingqungquthela yecuba yehlabathi ibuza umbuzo: "Ngaba i-hookah ingabangela umhlaza?"

Yintoni iHookah?

I-Hookah ingumxube wecuba, ngokuqhelekileyo isityalo esiqhenqileyo, esilinxiliswe kumbhobho wamanzi. I-hookah eqhelekileyo inentloko phezulu kunye nesitya samanzi ngaphantsi, ixhunywe ngumzimba wesinyithi. I-charcoal isetyenziselwa ukutshisa icuba, leyo idlula emanzini ngaphambi kokungena emlonyeni ukuze inxibe.

Kukho amaninzi amancoko e-hookah okanye umpompo wamanzi okubandakanya:

Shisha
Goza
Narghileh / nargile
Hubble bubble / bubble bubble

Kutheni iHookah Ukubhema ixhalabele

Njengoko i-hookah iye yaziwa kakhulu e-United States (kunye ne-UK, iFransi, ne-Middle East,) ukuqonda iingozi ezinokuthi zenzeke emva. Phakathi kolutsha olutsha, uphando lubone ukuba ukuya kuma-60 ekhulwini awakucingi ukuba i-hookah iyabhema ukuba ineengozi edibene nokubhema ugwayi, kwaye abanye abayicingi ukuba "ukutshaya." Ngoko ke uphando lusitshelani?

Ubuthi kunye neCarcinogens

Ngokutsho kweCDC, i-hookah ingumsi ubuncinane inetyhefu njengomsi wesigarethi.

Amanzi epayipini akayikucoca izixhexhi zogwayi. Kanye njengoko kukho ezininzi iichiza kunye nomhlaza owenza umsi wecuba, kukho izinto ezininzi eziyingozi kwi-hookah yomsi.

Ukuphonononga ukujonga izifundo ezenziwe phakathi kuka-1991 no-2014 kwafumanisa ukuba umsi we-hookah uqulethe ama-carcinogens angama-27 aziwayo okanye azikhanyela.

Ezinye zazo ziquka i-arsenic, i-cobalt, i-chromium, kunye nekhokelo.

Into engaziwa kakuhle kukuba iindawo ezinobuthi kwi-hookah yomsi kunye nomsi wecuba unokungafani; ezinye i-carcinogens zenzeka kwiindawo eziphezulu kunye nezinye kwiindawo eziphantsi kwi-hookah yomsi. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-carbon monoxide (ekhoyo kumazinga aphezulu kwi-hookah yomsi kune-smoke cigarette kwaye inokubangela isifo senhliziyo) kunye ne-benzene kunye ne-high-molecular weight weight i-polycyclic i-hydrocarbons ephosakeleyo (i-PAHs) apho amanqanaba aphakamileyo kwi-hookah yomsi ngaphezu komsi wecuba. Ngokwahlukileyo, amanqanaba e-nitrosamines athile kunye ne-low molecular weight (PAH's) angase abe phezulu kumsiyi wesigufi kunokuba ushuke umsila.

Izizathu zokuba iHokaokah Inokuthi ibe Netyhefu ngakumbi kuneCigarettes

Esinye isizathu sokuba u-hookah ubumise ube yingozi kunokuba utshayi wecuba lube ngumlinganiselo womsi ophefumlelweyo. Kwi "yeseshoni" eqhelekileyo yokubhema kwamanzi (malunga neyure), ukukhukhuza okungama-200 kuhanjiswe, ngokumalunga namaqhinga angama-20 ngokukhatyiswa ngokubhema i-cigarette enye. Oku kuguqulela kwiseshoni ehookah eyenza ukuba inhalation ye-90,000 ml yomsi, ngokubhekiselele kwi-500 ukuya ku-600 ml yomsi obekwe ngogwayi.

I-Hookah inomthombo weengxube ezingabonakali kwi-smoking cigarette.

Ilahleko ezisetyenziselwa ukutshaya iteksi kwipayipi ye hookah ikhupha i-carbon monoxide kunye nezinye iikhemikhali, kwaye ngokwenene, imilinganiselo ye-carbon monoxide kubantu abachazwe kwi-hookah yomsi iphezulu kakhulu kunabo bantu abasecaleni lobhema.

Abantu bavame ukunyusa i-hookah bashunqise emiphakeni kunomsi wecuba. Ngeli xesha, asiyazi ukuba oku kufunyanisiweyo kubalulekile, kodwa kunokukunceda ukujonga utshintsho lomhlaza wamaphaphu emva kokufakelwa kwezihlunu kwiigarethi. Ngaphambi kokuba i-cigarettes ibe nefayili, umsi wawunganyanzelwanga ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye wawunokwenzeka ukuba unomdla womhlaza wamaphaphu obizwa ngokuba yi- squamous cell carcinoma .

Olu hlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lufumaneka rhoqo kwiindlela ezinkulu zokungena emiphakeni (i-bronchi) kwaye ngenxa yale ndawo, kulandelwa ukuba kutholakale kwinqanaba elisengaphambili lesi sifo. Ngokudibanisa kwezihlunu kwiigayibhe, imiphunga ye-lungen adenocarcinoma yaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Olu hlobo lomhlaza wesifo somphunga luvame ukuqhutyelwa kwimizi yomphunga, kwaye ngenxa yale ndawo, ihlala ifunyenwe kwizigaba ezilandelayo zesifo.

Oku kucinga, kodwa umgca wokuba siyazi ukuba i-carcinogens ekhoyo kwi-smoke smoke nayo ikhona kwi-hookah yomsi, kodwa indlela esiyibona ngayo umonakalo ophantsi komgca-kumonakalo okanye umhlaza-unokungafani nento esiyibonayo ngoku nokubhema utshayi.

Ukwahlula kokugqibela phakathi kokubhema i-cigarette kunye ne-hookah kubonakala kwizifo ezithathelwanayo. Nangona i-cigarettes ivame ukutshaywa yodwa ngumntu, i-hookah ipayipi idla ngokubanjelwa ngabantu abaningana, njengoko "bayidlula" ipayipi kwindawo yokuhlala ehookah okanye isiganeko sasekhaya. Iibhaktheriya okanye iintsholongwane ezikhoyo emlonyeni wabanye ababhemayo be-hooka "banokwabelwana," kubandakanywa nezilwanyana ezinjenge-oral herpes virus.

Njengengxelo yokugqibela, musa ukukhohliswa ngetengiso echaza ukuthi i-hookah ayinayo i-tar. Yinkqubo yokutshisa (kunye ne-cigarettes) okanye ukufudumeza (nge hookah) eyenza i-tar. Enyanisweni, ukubhema i-hooka kungabangela ukugqithisa okuphezulu kwi-tar njengokuba uphelelwa ixesha elide kwaye kufuna udonga olunamandla.

Ingozi yeCancer

Ababhemayo be-hooka basenokuba besengozini yee- cancer ezifanayo ezibangelwa ukutshaya i-cigarettes , ngenxa yokuchazwa kwezidumbu ezinjalo, kunye nezinye i-cancer ezinxulumene nokutshiswa kwamalahle kunye nephethini yokuphalaza.

Kukho ubungqina obuhle bokuthi ukubhema i-hookah kunokunyusa umngcipheko woku:

Umdlavuza womlenze - Uninzi lwee-cancer-causing causing cancer (cancer-causing causing cancer) ekhoyo kumsiyi wecuba, ufumaneka kwi-hookah yomsi.
Umhlaza we-Esophageal - Iziphumo eziliqela ziye zafumanisa i-hookah ukutshaya kuba ngumngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wesisu xa i-carcinogens e-smoke cigarette eyabangela ukuba umdlavuza wesophageal ikhona kwi-hookah yomsi.
Umhlaza womlomo - Ugwayi uphazamisa izicubu emlonyeni nasemqaleni, kwaye njengoko kubonakala kubantu abahlafuna itekisi, kubangela ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ngumhlaza.
Umhlaza wesisu (umhlaza wesisu) - Iingcingo zamva nje zibonise umbutho phakathi kwehaokah ukutshaya kunye nomhlaza wesisu, kunye nokufumanisa kwangaphambili kwisisu sabasebenzisi be-hookah abaqhelekileyo.
Umhlaza wesisu - Izifundo ze-epidemiological zidibanisa i-hookah ukutshaya nomhlaza wesisu. Oku akumangalisi ukususela ekubeni eUnited States kunomuvo wokuthi ama-50 eepesenti zesifo somdlavuza kumadoda abangelwa ukutshaya ugwayi.
Umhlaza we-Pancreatic - Izifundo ziye zaphawula ukuba abasebenzisi be-hookah banomngcipheko okhulayo wokuba nomdlavuza we-pancreatic. Siyazi kwakhona ukuba i-hookah ukutshaya yandisa ingozi yesifo se-gum (isifo se-periodontal) kwaye eso sifo se-gum sele saziwa ngokuba ngumngcipheko omkhulu womdlavuza we-pancreatic.
Kungenzeka ukuba i- leukemia - i-Benzene, i-carcinogen eyaziwayo enegalelo kumdlavuza ochaphazelekayo wegazi ikakhulukazi i- lemonemic leukemia (AML) ekhoyo, ikhona kwi-hookah yomsi. Abaphandi bavavanye ama-hookah angama-105 kunye nabama-hookah abangabinobumba abangama-103 abaye batyhulwa kwi-hookah bashunqisa ukulinganisa iimveliso eziphazamisayo zeBenene ngaphambi nangemva kokungabikho. Ababhemayo be-Hooka babenqanaba elingama-4.2 ngamaxesha aphezulu emva kokutshaya kwi-hookah bar kunye ne-1.9 ngamaxesha aphezulu emva kwesiganeko sasekhaya. Ngokuphazamisayo, amanqanaba akwandisiwe ngamaxesha angama-2.6 kwiindawo ezingabonakaliyo.

Kusasa kakhulu ukuba ukwazi ukuba ngumngcipheko ochaphazelekayo ochaphazelekayo nokubhema i-hookah, kodwa kubonakala kuqiqa ukuba sisebenzise oko sikuyazi malunga nokubhema kunye nomhlaza ekuthethaneni nolutsha lwethu. Asazi ixesha lokubanjwa kwe-hookah kunye nokuphuhliswa komhlaza (ixesha lokugcina ixesha elidlulileyo phakathi kokuchasana nomdlavuza obangela umdlavuza kunye nokuphuhliswa komhlaza,) kodwa siyazi ukuba ixesha lokugcina umsila phakathi kosiyi ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nomhlaza kunokuba ngamashumi eminyaka. Kwakhona ukuba i-hookah ingabhubhisi, ngenxa yamanqanaba amakhulu okanye amancinci eentlobo zee-carcinogen kune-smoke cigarette, iya kuba negalelo kwiintlobo okanye i-subtypes yomhlaza engabonakaliyo ngokubhema ugwayi.

I-Secondhand Hookah Smoke Ingozi

Kuye kubekho uphando oluthile ukuya kumhla lukhangele umphumo we-handhand hookah umsi kwi-exposed non-smokers. Umsi womsila womsi womhlaba (ETS) okanye umsi wesibambiso uthetha ukudibanisa umsi oqhelekileyo, umsi ogqithiseleyo , kunye nomsi ophumayo ngabashushu.

Ekubeni ezininzi zeengxube kunye ne-carcinogens ezikhoyo kumsi wesigaretti zikhona kwi smoke hookah, iqela lokuqala elifanelekileyo kukujonga imiphumo yokubhema iteksi kumntu abadala kunye nabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, kunokukho ukungafani. Umsi wesibambiso esivela kwihookah unokungafani nongumsi wesibhedlele ongasetyenziswanga kwiigarethi, kunye nokukhululeka kokubakho komsi okhutshwa ngumtshayi. Enoba lo mhle okanye umbi omnye umbuzo.

Uphononongo lwamanqanaba e-benzini e-urinary kubantu abangabhemi benobubheke obubhekisele kwi-hookah bubhekiselele (jonga phantsi kwe-leukemia ngasentla). Kukwachaphazela ukuba i-NNK (i-4- [methylnitrosamino] -1- [3-pyridyl] -1-butanone ifumaneka kumanqanaba aphezulu kumagumbi okulala abantwana abonakaliswe kwi-hookah nganye yeveki okanye ngenyanga.

Ezinye iimeko zeMpilo ezihambelanayo neHookah Smoking

Njengoko kunye nokubhema ugwayi, kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi zempilo ezinxulumene nokubhema i-hookah ehamba ngaphezu komhlaza. Ezinye zezi ziquka izifo zentliziyo, ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, i-emphysema, kunye nokungabikho komntwana. Kuze sisazi ngakumbi, kunokukunceda sicinge ngezinto esiziwayo ngokubhema ugwayi ngaphambi kokuba yintandokazi, ngokumalunga noko sikuyazi namhlanje.

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