Ukuqulunqa uhlobo lwe- leukemia (i-AML) enesifo esichukumisayo somntu umntu ofana nesigxina nezinye i-cancer, njengomdlavuza okanye umhlaza wesifuba. Kwiisondo ezinzima ezinjengalezi, izigulane zibalulekile ukucacisa ubukhulu besifo, kunye nokunceda ukucwangcisa unyango. Nangona kunjalo, i- leukemia , kunoko, oogqirha baya kukhangela iisampuli zamathambo kwi- bone morow aspiration kunye ne-biopsy ukucacisa i-subyelope ye-myelogenous (okanye i-myeloblastic) ye-leukemia subtype.
Yintoni ecacisa uhlobo lwe-AML?
Zonke iiseli zegazi, ezibandakanya iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, iiplatelets, kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ziqale njenge-cell stem esiswini kwintolongo yethambo . Amaseli esitembile awanako ukukwazi ukwenza ama-clots, athathe i-oksijeni, okanye alwe nosuleleko, kodwa ahlakulela okanye aqokelele kwiintsholongwane zegazi ezisebenzayo.
Iiseli ezinamaqanda zikhula zibe ngamaseli egazi angaphantsi, akhangele kwaye asebenze kangangoko nje ngeli "seluntu" iseli ekugqibeleni baya kuba kunye nendawo nganye yophuhliso. Xa iseli legazi likhulile ngokwaneleyo ukuba lifeze indima yalo emzimbeni, ikhutshwa kumnxeba wethambo uze ube segazini, apho liza kuhlala khona ubomi balo bonke.
Kwimeko ye-leukemia ephazamisayo , kukho ukukhutshwa ngokweqile kunye nokukhululwa kweeseli zegazi ezingapheliyo. Iiseli ze-leukemia ziya "zinamathela" kwinqanaba elinye lophuhliso, kwaye zihlala zingenakukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi zenzelwe ukwenza.
Iintlobo zithatyathwe yiliphi izinga lokuphuhliswa kweeseli.
Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini zokuhlengahlengisa ukuchonga i-AML subtypes-inkqubo yeFrench-American-British (FAB) kunye ne-World Health Organisation (WHO).
I-FAB iyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukuhlaziya i-AML usebenzisa le nkqubo, oogqirha baya kubheka iiseli ze-leukemia abazifumana ngexesha lomongo we-bone .
Ngaphandle kokuqulunqa ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba lokuphuhliswa kweeseli, baya kukwazisa ukuba yeyiphi na iseli efunekayo xa bekhulile.
Ishati elingaphantsi ichaza le nkqubo ngokubanzi.
Kutheni i-AML i-Subtype Matter?
I-subtype yakho ye-AML inceda oogqirha ukuba baxelele unyango, iziphumo, ukuxela, nokuziphatha kwesifo sakho.
Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi baye bafunda ukuba i-M0, M4, kunye ne-M5 subtypes zidibaniswa nezinga eliphantsi lokuxoxwa kwaye ayanamkelekanga kunyango. Iiseli ze-M4 kunye ne-M5 subtype leukemia nazo ziyakwazi ukudala imibala ebizwa ngokuthi i-granulocytic sarcomas (izilonda ezifomini ezinotsholongwane okanye ithambo) kwaye zisasazeka kwi- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Unyango lufana neenxalenye ezininzi ze-leukemia eziphambili ngaphandle kwe-APL (M3). Imichiza eyahlukileyo isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-APL, kwaye i-prognosis ivame ukuba ngcono kunezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia.
Inkqubo yokuHlola yeFAB
| Subtype | Igama leNgcaciso | Ukuphindaphinda | Impawu zeSeli |
|---|---|---|---|
| M0 | IMyeloblastic | 9- 12% | Iiseli ze-leukemia zixakeke kakhulu kwaye azinazo iimpawu zeselingo abafanele ukuba nazo. |
| M1 | I-AML eneemveliso ezincinci | 16- 26% | Iiseli ezinomsolo ezingapheliyo (okanye i-myeloblasts / "blasts") yinto ekhethekileyo yeselingi kwisampula yomnkantso. |
| M2 | AML kunye nokuvuthwa | 20-29% | Iisampulu ziqukethe ezininzi zeemyeloblasts, kodwa zibonisa ukukhula ngakumbi kune-M1 subtype. I-Myeloblast iyona nqanaba lokugqibela lophuhliso ngaphambi kokuba iseli elincinci lizinikele ekubeni lilungu elimhlophe okanye elibomvu legazi, okanye iplatelet |
| M3 | Promyelocytic (APL) | 1-6% | Iiseli ze-leukemia zisengumntwana, phakathi kwesigaba se-myeloblast ne-myelocyte. Uncinci kakhulu, kodwa uqala ukujonga kwaye wenze okungakumbi njengeseli elimhlophe. |
| M4 | I-Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia | 16- 33% | Iiseli ze-leyemic ixube ye-granulocytic kunye ne-cell monocytic Iiseli ze-leukemia zikhangeleka ngakumbi njengeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunegca elidlulileyo, kodwa zisengumntwana. |
| M5 | I-Acute Monocytic Leukemia | 9- 26% | Ngaphezu kwe-80% yeeseli zi-monocytes. Kwangathi ingaba ngamazinga ahlukeneyo okukhula. |
| M6 | I-Erythroid Leukemia | 1-4% | Iiseli zesifo somzimba ziseli zintsholongwane kunye neempawu zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi. |
| M7 | I-Megakaryocytic Leukemia | 0-2% | Amaseli enomkhuhlane ayengaphantsi kweempawu zeeplatelet. |
Ngaphantsi
Ngenxa yokuba iiseli ze-leukemia zihamba ngokukhawuleza kuwo wonke umzimba, iindlela zemveli zesifo somhlaza awusebenzi. Kunoko, oogqirha bajonga iimpawu zenyama kunye nezofuzo zomnxeba weethambo zomnxeba ukuba zibeke kwi-subtype. Ezi zincinci zisiza oogqirha ukuba banqume uhlobo lonyango oluya kusebenza kakhulu kuwe kwaye luncede ukuqikelela iziphumo zonyango lwakho.
Imithombo
I-Aquino, V. "I-Leukemia eqhelekileyo ye-Myelogenous" Iingxaki zangoku kwi-Pediatric February 2002 32: 50-58.
Hillman, R. kunye no-Ault, K. (2002) I-Acute Myeloid Leukemias. I-Hematology kwi-Clinical Practice 3rd ed. ENew York McGraw- Hill.
Vardiman, J., Harris, N., kunye ne-Brunning, R. "I-World Health Organisation (WHO) UkuHlulwa kweeMeloid Neoplasms." Igazi ngo- Oktobha 2002 100: 2292- 2302.