Yintoni i-emphysema kwaye ithetha ntoni ukuba wena okanye othandekayo unikwe ukuxilongwa? Ziziphi iimpawu, zeziphi izizathu (ngaphezu kokubhema), kwaye uphathwa njani?
Inkcazo
I-Emphysema isifo esingapheliyo samaphaphu esibangelwa umonakalo kwi- alveoli , iibhaksi ezincinci zomoya kwindawo yomphunga apho kushintshaniswa oksijini kunye ne-carbon dioxide.
Nge-emphysema, ukulimala kwi-alveoli kubangela ukuba umoya ubanjwe, kubangele ukuba bandise kwaye bahlukane. Ukulimala kwe-alveoli, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okubangela ukutshintshiselana ngomoya kubangela ukuhla kwezinga le-oksijini egazini (i-hypoxemia) kunye nezinga eliphezulu le-carbon dioxide egazini (hypercapnia).
I-Emphysema enye uhlobo lwesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD) , uhlobo lweempawu zeemiphunga eziquka i-bronchitis engapheliyo kunye ne- bronchiectasis . I-COPD ngoku ithathwa njengeyona yesine ibangela yokufa eUnited States.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-emphysema zingabandakanya:
- Ukuphefumula: Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-emphysema kukuphefumula . Ngokuqhelekileyo kuza ngokuthe ngcembe, okokuqala kwenzeka kuphela ngomsebenzi. Njengoko eso sifo siyaqhubeka, ukuphefumula okufutshane (dyspnea) nako kwenzeka ngokuphumla.
- Isiqhamo: Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kuqhelekileyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuhlukanisa ukukhwehlela komfowuni .
- Ukuveliswa kwe-sputum okanye i-phlegm
- Ukugubha. I-Emphysema, ubuncinci kumanyathelo okuqala, kunokuba nzima ukubahlula kwi-asthma. Ukwahlukana kukuba nge-asthma ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi kuya kuguqulwa kodwa ngo-emphysema ayikho.
- Izifo ezinokuphefumula rhoqo ezifana ne- bronchitis okanye i- pneumonia
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- I-Cyanosis: Ubunono beminwe nemilomo
- Ukunyamezela: Abanye abantu abakuboni ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kunoko baqaphele ukuba abakwazi ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni njengokuba bekunjalo, umzekelo, kuba nzima ukuhamba kude okanye ukunyuka kweenqwelo ezininzi zamanyathelo.
- I-atrophy ye-muscle: Ukudibanisa nokunciphisa umzimba kunye nezinye iziphumo zesifo kunokubangelwa ukutshabalalisa imisipha kunye ne-atrophy. Ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha, ngokukodwa kwimisipha engundoqo, kunokukhokelela ekuphefumuleni okufutshane ngenxa yokunciphisa umgudu wokuphefumula.
Izizathu
Ukubhema yimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-emphysema, ecatshangelwa ukuba iyinyanzelo kuma-85 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini lamatyala. Kodwa kukho ezinye izizathu ezininzi ezinokuthi zenze yodwa, okanye ngokubambisana nokutshaya, ukwenza i-emphysema. Asiqinisekanga ukuba yintoni ebangela iCOPD, kodwa izinto ezininzi zengozi zichongwe ziquka:
- Umsi wesibini
- Ukusebenza kwezemisebenzi kubangelwa imfucuza, uthuli, kunye neentshukumo, ezinjengamacilati, i-cadmium, uthuli lwamalahle, nengqolowa kunye nomgubo ocoliweyo
- Ukumoshwa komoya
- Ukulahleka kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin : Le ngxaki izuze i-emphysema ebonakala kwizigulane ezincinane kakhulu. Le meko kufuneka ikhunjulwe xa amalungu omndeni amaninzi aphuhlise i-emphysema, ingakumbi abo abangazange bavume.
- I-asthma: I-asthma ibhekisela kwizifo zamaphaphu eziguqulwayo kodwa i-emphysema ayinakuguquka, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, i-asthma ingakhokelela ekumphesheni.
Unyango
I-Emphysema ayinakuguquka kwaye ihamba phambili, ngoko iinjongo zonyango lwe-emphysema zinciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kunye nokuphucula iimpawu. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziquka:
- Amachiza : Azikho unyango lwezonyango oluye lwabonakalisa uphumelele ekunciphiseni izinga lokunciphisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga kunye ne-emphysema. Kunoko, amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunceda ukwandisa ukunyamezela , ukunciphisa ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD , nokuphucula izinga lezempilo. Amachiza asetyenziswa kwiCOPD ezinzileyo ziquka i- bronchodilators , i- glucocorticoids , kunye neyeza-antibiotics zokusuleleka.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-oksijeni : Oku kunokwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngexesha lomsebenzi, okanye ukukhutshwa kweziganeko ezikhawulezayo zokuphefumula. Ixesha elide lonyango lwe-oksijini yeeyure ezingaphezu kwe-15 ngosuku linikwe xa isigulane sinamaqondo aphantsi e- oxygen saturation ngexesha leSigaba IV COPD. Kwi-COPD ephezulu, unyango lwe-oksijini lunokuphucula ukuphila.
- Ukuyeka ukutshaya: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaphila nale meko kwaye kunokukunceda ukuphucisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
- Ukulungiswa kwepulmonary : Kukho iinzuzo ezininzi zokuvuselela i-pulmonary , eyinto yokwelapha ngokomzimba kwimiphunga. Yiprogram yomgaqo-nkqubo ekufuneka ihlale iiveki ezintandathu. Ulwaphulo lwepulmonary lungenza umehluko omkhulu kubantu abathile abahlala ne-emphysema ekuphuculeni ukunyamezela, ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa izibhedlele kunye nobude bokuhlala.
- Ukugonywa : Ukuhlala usesikhathini kunye nokugonywa, ngokukodwa ukugonya umkhuhlane kunye ne-pneumonia vaccine, kunokukunceda ukukhusela izifo ezingabangela ukwanda kwesifo .
- Isiqhelo rhoqo sokuzilolonga: I-Emphysema yakha isangqa esibi. Isifo ngokwalo senza kube nzima ukusetyenziswa, kwaye i-atrophy of muscle nayo ingenza isifo sibe sibi nakakhulu. Izindlela ezifanelekileyo zoqeqesho lweCOPD ziquka ukudibanisa kokunyamezela, ukuguquguquka, nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla.
- Ugqirha: Ukunyuka kwevolumu yokunciphisa umthamo ukususa izicubu ezinobungozi kunokuba luncedo kwabanye abantu abane-emphysema enamandla, ingakumbi kulabo abanezifo ezibandakanya kakhulu i-lobes ephezulu. I-Bullectomy inokwenziwa kwizigulane ezinama -bullae amakhulu. Ukutyelela okulunga ngenye indlela.
Ukukhushulwa
I-Emphysema ibonakaliswa yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi- COPD yokukhubazeka-ixesha apho iimpawu ziba zibi nakakhulu, zifuna ukuba zifakwe esibhedlele. Ezi zintlupheko zivame ukungena kwiintsholongwane kodwa zingasuswa ezinye iimeko ezifana nokungcoliswa komoya, umsi womthi, okanye i-perfume kwivenkile.
Umngcipheko owandayo weChre Cancer
Abantu abane-emphysema banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somhlaza kuyatholakala kulabo abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-80 kwaye baye babhema ubuncinane iminyaka engama- 30 epakethe . Okokuthi, i-emphysema iyingozi yecala lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaye abanye abantu banokufisa ukuba bahlolwe nangona abazange bashiye, okanye baye batshaya iminyaka engaphantsi kwama-30 epakethe. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga ukuba unemphysema, njengoko ezinye zeempawu eziphakathi kwezi zimbini zinokubonakala zifana. Ukuba iimpawu zakho ze-COPD ziyanda, nangona ziyimpawu eziqhelekileyo kuwe, xela ugqirha wakho malunga nokuba nomdlavuza wemiphunga. Umdlavuza womlenze unokuphulukiswa ngakumbi xa ufumaniswe kwiinqanaba zokuqala zesifo.
Ukunyamezela kunye nenkxaso
I-Emphysema ingaba sisifo esiphazamisayo yonke indlela. Akukuphela nje ukuba ufanele ukujamelana neempawu kunye nezokwelapha, kodwa ezo zimpawu kunye nopilisi zinokuchaphazela phantse yonke indawo ebomini bakho. Abantu abaninzi abaneCOPD bafumana inkxaso enganeleyo.
Ikusasa leZifo
Ngexesha langoku, i-emphysema isisifo esingenakuguquka kwaye unyango lujolise ekunciphiseni ukunyuka kweengxaki kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nesi sifo. Ukusebenzisa intuthuko yakutshanje ekuqondeni iisundu kunye neepenjini zeseli kwimiphunga, uphando lwebhubhoratri lunike ithemba lokuba ukuphulukiswa ngokutsha kwamaphaphu kungayindlela yokuguqula le nkqubela kwixesha elizayo. Uvavanyo lwezonyango, nangona kunjalo, aluphumelelanga ukubonisa nayiphi na inzuzo yale ndlela ukuya kumhla.
> Imithombo:
> Kasper DL. Iinqununu zeHarrisons zeMithi yoPhakathi . ENew York: i-McGraw-Hill; 2015.
> O, D., Kim, Y., noY. Oh. Ulwaphulo lokuLungiswa kwakhona kweNtsholongwane yezifo eziPhezulu zokuVimbela izifo. Isifo sofuba nesifo sokuphefumula . 2017. 80 (1): 1-10.
> Rzadkiewicz M, Bratas O, Espnes G. Yintoni enye esimele siyazi malunga nokufumana iCOPD? Ukuhlaziywa okulandelelweyo kwiCandelo loPhando lwezigulane. I-International Journal ye-Pulmonary Disease . 2016. 11: 1195-2304.
> van Agteren J, Carson K, Tiong L, Smith B. Lung Ukunciphisa Umthamo Wokuvuthwa Kwee-Ephyphma. I-Cochrane Database yeeNkqubo eziPhezulu . 2016 10: CD001001.