Uhlobo lweCOPD kunye neCandelo labantwana
Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo uye watshelwa ukuba une-bronchiectasis, mhlawumbi uzama ukuqonda le meko. Nangona iqhelekile, abantu bahlala beqhelana nelo hlobo lweCOPD kune-emphysema okanye i-bronchitis engapheliyo. Ziziphi iimpawu, izizathu kunye nemingcipheko, kunye nonyango le mqathango?
Inkcazo: iBronchiectasis
I-Bronchiectasis yindlela yesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary pulmonary (COPD) apho i-airways enkulu yamaphaphu ( bronchi ) yonakalisiwe kwaye yanda.
I-Mucous iyakuthabatha kule mijelo yomoya, ivumela ukuba iibhaktheriya zikhule kwaye zibangele izifo zentsholongwane eziphindaphindiweyo. Esi sifo singasendaweni enye kwindawo yompompo, okanye idibeneyo kuzo zombini zomphunga.
Imbali Yendalo yeBronchiectasis
I-Bronchiectasis iqala ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngezifo zokuphefumula ebuntwaneni. Ezi zifo zibangelwa ukwanda, ukwandisa, kunye nobunqunu be-bronchi, iibhubhu ezidlula kwi-trachea ukuya ezantsi kwi-alveoli, indawo emiphakeni apho kukho utshintsho lwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide. Okwangoku, ukuqokelela i-mucus kwiindawo ezandisiweyo kwenza izimo ezifanelekileyo ukuba izifo ziqale. Izifo zikhokelela ekugqibeleni kwesi sifo kunye nokwandisa nokuqhekeza kwe-bronchi.
Izizathu kunye neengozi
I-Bronchiectasis idla ngokubangela ukutheleleka kweemiphunga ngokuphindaphindiweyo ebuntwaneni. Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezingakhokelela kwi-bronchiectasis ezifana nokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela akuzona eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yokugonywa, kodwa ke iziganeko ze-bronchiectasis ziyaqhubeka zikhula.
Phantse ama-50 ekhulwini amatyala ngenxa yelifa le- cystic fibrosis . Iyakwenzeka kwakhona ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuhamba nge-airways ngesifo esinomdlavuza , okanye umzimba ongaphandle, ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kwe-immune okanye intsholongwane kaGawulayo, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwintsholongwane kwi-fungus ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, okanye ngenxa kwi-ciliary dysplasia.
Iimpawu zeBronchiectasis
Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-bronchiectasis ye-bronchiectasis zidla ngokubakho ngenxa yokwanda kwe-airways kunye nokuqokelela kwe-mucus eyenza isigaba sokusulela isifo. Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo : Ingqungquthela ehambelana ne-bronchiectais iyenzeka imihla ngemihla kwaye idla ngokugqithiseleyo ekuseni kwaye ibuye ibuye ibuye ebusuku.
- Imveliso ye-Mucus : Ukukhwehlela kwansuku zonke kwe-bronchiectasis kuhamba kunye ne-mucus enokucaca, ephuzi, eluhlaza okanye egazini. Oku kutyalwa kwe-mucus, okunokuba yinto ephosakeleyo ngezinye izihlandlo, kuphawulekayo kwesi sifo.
- Izibonakaliso ngenxa yokusulelwa kwezifo eziphindaphindiweyo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neempawu zokuphefumula.
- Ukugubha .
- Ukuhlamba igazi .
- Ubuhlungu obuphefumlelweyo ( intlungu yesifuba somlomo ).
- I-Clubbing : I-clubbing yimeko apho iminwe yakho ithatha ukubonakala kwipuni.
- Ukuphefumula : Ukuphefumula kufutshane kubakho xa
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenziyo .
- Ukukhathala: Ukukhathala okuhambelana ne-bronchiectasis kunokuba yinto enzulu, kwaye idla ngokudibanisa kunye nomzamo ohamba kunye nokukhwehlela, kunye nokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwe-oksijini emiphakeni.
Ukuxilongwa kweBronchiectasis
Ukuxilongwa kwe-bronchiectasis kuqala ngembali ngokucophelela kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba okulandelwa yimigangatho yokufunda kunye nemiphunga.
Ezinye iimvavanyo ezinceda ekuxilongeni ziquka:
- I-x-ray yesifuba: I-x-ray yesifuba ingabonisa ezinye iimpawu zesifo, kodwa ezinye iimvavanyo (ezifana ne-CT) zifuneka rhoqo ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuphikisa ukuxilongwa.
- I-CT scan: I-diagnostic ivame ngokusekelwe ekubonakaleni kwe-CT scan.
- ImiSebenzi yeePulmonary iyakwazi ukuncedisa ukuxilongwa kunye nobunzima.
- I- bronchoscopy ingenziwa ukulawula umzimba wangaphandle okanye umhlaza wamaphaphu.
Ezinye iimvavanyo zokuxilongwa zingenziwa ukwenzela ukulawula ezinye iimeko (ezifana nesifo sofuba, i-cystic fibrosis, kunye nezinye) ezinokuba neempawu ezifanayo.
Unyango
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu unyango lwe-bronchiectasis kukuphatha isifo esiyintloko.
Izifo ziqhelekileyo kwaye zifuna ukuphathwa kunye nokuhlolwa. Kwaye kucatshangelwa ukuba unyango olusetyenziselwa i-cystic fibrosis lunokunceda abantu abangenawo i-cystic fibrosis ne-bronchiectasis, kodwa kungekudala nje kubonakala ngathi ezinye zezi zonyango zingalimaza. Izindlela zokusindisa i-Airway zinganceda ngokunciphisa i-sputum kunye nomsebenzi wamaphaphu. Ulwaphulo lwe-oksijeni luyafuneka xa isifo sifanelekile, kwaye kufuneka utyando olunezinye iindawo ukuze kususwe indawo eyonakalisiweyo ye-bronchus.
Iingxaki
Ukongeza kwintsholongwane ephindaphindiweyo, abanye abantu bahlakulela i- atelectasis -ukuwa kwe nxalenye okanye yonke imiphumo yemiphunga kunye nokuphefumula okuphefumulayo kungenzeka. Esi sifo sinakhokelela ekuphelelweni kwentliziyo, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi- cor pulmonale .
Prognosis
Ukugxekwa kwe-bronchiectasis kuxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko. Kwabanye abantu, oku kunokuba kubi kakhulu okanye kuyingozi (njengoko kunjalo kwi-cystic fibrosis) kanti kwabanye, ubomi obupheleleyo kunye nobomi obuqhelekileyo bunokwenzeka.
Izinto ezinxulumene nokulinda kwexesha elide ziquka umlinganiselo wezilwanyana eziphezulu (ngamanye amagama, ukungabi ngaphantsi komzimba), izitofu eziqhelekileyo, ngokubhekiselele kwi-influenza kunye ne-pneumonoccus, kunye nokutyelela rhoqo kwiklinikhi.
Iziganeko ezinxulumene nomntu oswelekileyo zibandakanya i- hypoxia (izinga eliphantsi le-oksijeni yegazi), ukuxhalaba (i-concentrated blood carbon dioxide concentration), ukunyuka kokuphefumula, kunye nezifo ezinzima njengoko kubonwa kwizifundo ze-radiology.
Umzekelo: UYoshuwa wavelisa i-bronchiectasis xa isifo sakhe sepomphu saphazamisa enye yendlela enkulu ehamba emiphakeni yakhe.
ILizwi
I-Bronchiectasis, ngokungafani nezinye iifom zeCOPD, isoloko ihambelana nokusuleleka ebusweni ebomini (kuneendlela zokuphila ezifana nokutshaya kamva). Nangona kunjalo nangentuthuko yokugonywa kwezifo, isimo sanda eMelika. Njengoko sifunda ngokubanzi ngesifo, sifumana ukuba kunzima kakhulu, oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu zesifo kunye nezindlela ezingaphantsi ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kumntu kumntu. Oko kuthetha ukuthini abantu abaphila nale meko kukuba akukho nto ifanayo-ukuhamba-konke okuya kulawulo, kodwa umntu ngamnye onesifo se-bronchiectasis kufuneka abekwe njengomntu ukukhetha iindlela ezintle zokonyango.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Lung Association. Funda ngeBronchiectasis. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchiectasis/learn-about-bronchiectasis.html.
> Chalmers, J., no S. Chotirmall. I-Bronchiectasis: Iinkonzo ezintsha kunye neMibono Entsha. I-Lancet yeMicrosoft Respiratory Medicine . 2018 Feb 22.
> Elaraachli, W., Conrad, D., no A. Wang. Usebenzisa i-Cystic Fibrosis Therapies ye-Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. Uncedo lweNtsholongwane . 2016. 37 (1): 139-46.
> Lee, A., Burge, A., no A. Holland. Izindlela zokukhutshwa kwe-Airway ye-bronchiectasis. 2015. 11: CD008351.
> Pizzutto, S., Upham, J., Yerkovich, S., no A. Chang. Ukunyangwa kwe-non-steroid yokulwa nezidumbu zabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-bronchiectasis. I-Cochrane Database yeeNkqubo eziPhezulu . 2016. 27: CD007525.