Kukho iimvavanyo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga nokuphatha isifo . Iyokuqala iyinkunkuma yegram, apho isampuli ibhekiswa ngaphantsi kwe-microscope emva kokuba ifakwe ibala. Inkcubeko nayo inceda ukuqikelela ukuba yiyiphi into ebangela ukuba usuleleke ngokuvumela ukuba iibhaktheriya zikhule zihloliswe kakuhle kwaye uvelwano lubone indlela inokuthi iphathwe ngayo kakuhle.
Ukufumana iSampuli
Inkqubo iqalisa ngokufumana isampuli. Zininzi iintlobo zeesampuli zingavavanywa kuqukwa i- exudate okanye i- pus kwilonda, i-sputum, igazi, isitofu, okanye isampuli yesisombululo. Isampuli esifanayo ingasetyenziselwa i-gram stain, inkcubeko kunye novelwano.
Indlela i-Gram Stain eyenziwa ngayo
I-gram stain "ukujonga ngokukhawuleza" kwisampuli ekhankanywa ukuba isasazekayo. Zininzi iintlobo zeesampuli zingahlolwa ngale ndlela. Izinto eziphathekayo zitshatileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba i-arhente ekhethekileyo isetyenziselwa ukwenza isampula ibe lula ukubona phantsi kwe-microscope. Isampuli ke ihlolwe ukuba imise umbala kunye nombala webhaktheriya obangela isifo.
Isampuli ingabonakali bhaktheriya okwaneleyo ukufumanisa oko kubangela ukusuleleka okanye kungabonisa ukuba ukutheleleka akunakwenzeka. Ukugqiba kakuhle into ekhoyo kwisampuli, kwaye ukuze ufumane isampula enkulu yebhaktheriya enokuba khona, inkcubeko yenziwa.
Indlela iNkcubeko yeGazi eyenziwa ngayo
Ukwenza inkcubeko, isampula ifakwe kwisitya esinezikhulayo eziphakathi.
Ukuba unake wathatha isigaba se-biology apho ukhule khona i-bacteria kwisitya se-petri, le nkqubo ifana kakhulu kodwa yenziwa ngendlela engummiselo ukukhusela ukungcola okungafunekiyo kwesampuli.
Umgangatho okhulayo uyondla nayiphi na i-bhakteria ekhoyo kwaye ivumela ukuba ikhule. Isitya sifakwa endaweni efudumeleyo yokushisa.
Ukufudumala kunye nomswakama ekukhuleni okukhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweebhaktheriya ukwenzela ukuba isampuli ikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
Iibhaktheriya ngokuqhelekileyo zivumelekile ukuba zikhule ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-5, kodwa isiphumo sokuqala sinokwenzeka ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba iibhaktheriya ezaneleyo zikhule zihlolwe. Iibhaktheriya, ukuba zikhoyo, zifanele zibe zikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuchonga kweli nqaku.
Iimvelaphi zegazi ziqhelekileyo, kodwa umchamo, i-sputum, kunye nezinye izifo zomzimba zivavanywa ngendlela efanayo. Injongo iyafana: ukugqiba ukuba iibhaktheriya zikhoyo, ziphi uhlobo lwebhaktheriya olukhoyo, kwaye yindlela efanelekileyo yokuphatha intsholongwane.
Ukuthi ubuzwe buyenziwa njani
Xa isiko siphelile kwaye i-coloni enkulu ngokwaneleyo yebhaktheriya ifunyenwe, uvelwano luyakwenziwa. Iisampuli ezincinci ezimalunga nama-antibiotic ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo afakwa kwibala lokukhula. I-iplati iyahlolwa ukuba ichithwe yiphi i-antibiotics ngokuphatha kakuhle iibhaktheriya ezikhoyo.
Ngokomzekelo, i- antibiotics penicillin, i-ciprofloxacin, kunye ne-tetracycline inokufakwa kwisitya. Kule meko, ibhaktheriya ecaleni kwe-penicillin iyayeka ukukhula, iibhaktheriya ezijikeleza i-ciprofloxacin zikhula kancane, kwaye ibhaktheriya malunga ne-tetracycline iyaqhubeka ikhula.
Ingxelo yalobu bubele yayiza kubonisa i-penicillin ngokuthi "i-sensitive", i-ciprofloxacin ibe "ephakathi," kunye ne-tetracycline ibiza kuthiwa "inqabile."
INkcubeko kunye noBuchule beZiphumo
Izigulane ziphathwa ngokusasazeka phambi kokuba iziphumo zenkcubeko kunye nobuzwe bufumaneke. Inkcubeko kunye novelwano zingathatha phantse iveki, ngoko okwangoku, isigulane esinesifo sokusuleleka esicatshulwayo siya kuba samkela ama-antibiotiki, njengoko ukulinda iveki kungalimaza. Uvakalelo lunokunceda ukuphucula unyango, okwenza kube lula ukukhetha i-antibiotic engcono kumguli.
Kwimzekelo yethu yangaphambili, ukukhathazeka kwesigulane kubonisa ukuba i-penicillin yonyango olungcono kwi-bhakteriya kunye ne-tetracycline yimbi.
Le ngcaciso iluncedo njengoko isigulane sinokufumana into ngaphandle kwepenicillin njengonyango. Iziphumo zobumnene zixelela umboneleli wezempilo ukuba isiguli singasetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo ngokutshintshela kwi-penicillin, enika "umthombo" olungcono kule bhaktiriya, okanye ukuba unyango olukhoyo lwamanje lufanelekile isiguli.
Inkcubeko kunye nobuzwe Ngaphambi kokuba iAntiyotics
Inkcubeko kunye novelwano kufuneka zenziwe ngaphambi kokulawulwa kwee-antibiotics nanini na kunokwenzeka. Iziphumo zinokuthi zitshintshwe, okanye akukho bhaktheriya ezinokukhula kwisiqwenga, okwenza kube nzima okanye akunakwenzeka ukuchonga ibhaktheriya enoxanduva lokusuleleka. Kwezinye iimeko, ii-labs zinokubuyiselwa ukuba isigulane sinomkhuhlane omtsha okanye iimpawu ezintsha zentsholongwane emva kokuqala unyango ngamayeza.
ILizwi
Ukubeka nje, inkcubeko kunye novelwano yindlela yokufumanisa unyango olungcono lwe-antibiotic unyango. Zininzi iintlobo zentsholongwane ebangela ibhaktheriya kwaye ziphendula kwiindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokulwa neziza-antibiotics. Yintoni eyenza isifo esisodwa singenakuphatha olunye unyango, yingakho le nkcubeko kunye nobutyebi kubaluleke kakhulu. Inkcubeko kunye novelwano kuvumela umboneleli ukuba anqume i-antibiotiki engcono kwintsholongwane ngaphandle kwesilingo kunye nephutha, kwi-laboratory, kunokuba uqikelele ukuba yiyiphi i-antibiotics eya kusebenza kakuhle.
> Umthombo:
> Ukuhlaziywa kobuzwe. Medline Plus.