Iqela elincinci lezigulane alisoze lazi apho kuqala umhlaza walo
Umhlaza webele. Umhlaza weprostate. Umhlaza weColon. Iziguli ezinomdlavuza zibhalwe ngokusekelwe kwimvelaphi yazo. Eli nqanaba lisebenza ngenjongo yonyani: enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqaliseni ukhetho lwezokwelapha kunye nokuxela kwangomdla ngumthombo womhlaza, isayithi "lesondlo".
Kodwa malunga neyesithathu kwezigulane ezingama-100 zomhlaza, isayithi lokuqala lomhlaza alifumaneki.
Okokuthi, isigulane sibonisa iimpawu ezintsha (ezinjengentlungu okanye ukuphuma kwegazi okanye inkunzi) okanye i-asymptomatic (ayinayo impawu) kodwa ifunyenwe kwisifundo somzimba, i-X-ray rhoqo, okanye olunye uhlolisiso lokuba nomhlaza. Yintoni eyona nto ifunyenwe ngumhlaza we-metastasis-isisu (okanye i-tumors) ekhulile ukusuka kwiiseli ezihamba ukusuka kumdlavuza wesiqhelo esingaziwa ngoku kwaye zingena kwenye indawo (okanye amasayithi) emzimbeni. I-metastasis i-biastsi, i-cancer isifo, kwaye uphando lubangelwa i-tumor yokuqala, uvavanyo olubanzi luxhomekeka kakhulu kwizifundo ze-imaging radiological ezifana ne-CT scans. Kodwa i-tumor yokuqala eyingozi yokuqala ayifumaneki. Kwaye sinikwe ukuba sibhala zonke izigulane zomhlaza, leli qela liyingqayizivele litsholwa "ngumhlaza wesiqalo esingaziwayo (CUP)."
Ngoko, kunokwenzeka njani ukuba ungayifumani isiqhumane sokuqala somdlavuza? Emva koko, nakwiigulane esinesifo somhlaza esele sagqityiwe kwezinye iisayithi (ezifana nesibindi, imiphunga, ithambo, kunye / okanye ingqondo), imvelaphi ye-metastase, i-tumor yokuqala, ihlala ikhulu kwaye isoloko ichongiwe njengobunzima kwi-mammogram, i-nodule kwi-prostate test, ukukhula okufumaneka ngexesha le-colonoscopy.
Ngoko i-tumor yokuqala ingaphika njani? Kukho iinkcazo ezininzi ezinokwenzeka. Ezinye izicubu eziphambili zingaphaya igazi kunye nokufa okanye zinciphise ubukhulu obungabonakaliyo, zinyamalale xa i-metastase yomhlaza eqhubekayo ikhula. Kwezinye izigulane, i-tumor yokuqala engabonakaliyo ingasuswa ngethuba ngexesha leenkqubo zokunyanga imeko yobunzima.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuLawula kunye nokuLawula iziDakamizwa kutshanje kunqwenela ukusetyenziswa kwe-minimalally invasive ("laparoscopic") ithuluzi lokucoca elisetyenziselwa ukusebenza kwe-hysterectomy (ukususwa kwesisu) kwiimvumi ezinobungozi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-fibroids. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba, engaziwa nawuphi na umntu ngelo xesha, omnye wabasetyhini abangama-350 abangena kwi-hysterectomy kule meko engeyiyo yomhlaza ivulela umdlavuza wesibeletho obizwa ngokuba yi-sarcoma, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo sokucoca (umfaki-mhlaba) kunokusasaza iiseli zomhlaza , ukuphazamiseka kwesigulane.
Kodwa ngaba umbuzo ukuba umhlaza wesiqhelo awufumananga? Ngelishwa kubaguli beCUP, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwakhona, imvelaphi yangempela yomhlaza womntu ibaluleke kakhulu ngokwemigaqo yonyango kunye nokuchasisa (kubandakanywa nokusinda). Ngaloo ndlela, ngelixa ezininzi iintsholongwane zivela kwiintlobo ezinjalo zezicubu (umzekelo, isifuba, i-thyroid, i-prostate, kunye nezinye i-cancer zivela kwiimfucu zengqungquthela), kukho ukungafani kancinci kwamaselula phakathi kweentlobo zesisu (isifuba se-thyroid, umzekelo).
Kwizigulane ze-CUP, siqala ngokubeka iiseli zomhlaza kwisinye sezibane ezine ngokubhekisele ekubonakala kwazo nakwezinye izixhobo zamaselula: I-Adenocarcinoma (amathishu angama-glandular; malunga ne-60% yeekopi ze-CUP); I-Carcinoma engafanelekanga (amangqamuzana omhlaza okonakalayo angacacanga naluphi na uhlobo oluthile lwesisu; malunga ne-20% ukuya kwi-30% yeengxaki ze-CUP); I-Squamous Carcinoma (kubalwa ngaphantsi kwama-10% eengxaki ze-CUP; kufana nelaphu kunye neeseli ezinamalungu athile); ne-neuroendocrine i-carcinoma (inqabile; iiseli zifana nezo zahlakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba ovelisa ama-hormone).
Kwaye namhlanje, nathi sinokubeka iiseli zomhlaza kwiimvavanyo ezininzi zee-molecular, ukukhangela i-DNA yazo yeminwe yeminwe ngokucacileyo ngokucacileyo ukuba ivelaphi izicubu.
Ngolwazi oluninzi malunga nohlobo lweseli ngokusemandleni, oogqirha bama-cancer benza uqikelelo olufundwayo kwiinkqubo zonyango ezinokuthi zichaphazele umhlaza kwaye zizuze isigulane seCUP. Ngelishwa, njenge-CUP ngencazelo ichaza isifo se-metastatic (spread spread), kwaye ngenxa yokuba asiyazi ngokuqinisekileyo imvelaphi eyiyo yesifo sengqondo sesigulane se-CUP, i-prognosis jikelele iswele kakhulu. Ukusinda kweMedian (isiqingatha siphila ixesha elide kunye nesiqingatha esifushane) kubaguli beCUP bangaphantsi kweenyanga ezine; ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokuxilongwa, ngaphantsi kwe-25% yezigulane ze-CUP ziphila, kwaye kwiminyaka emihlanu, ngaphantsi kwe-10%.
Ngoko ke kufuneka uyenze ntoni xa wena okanye umntu obathandayo ufumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza, kodwa isifo esiyintloko asikwazi ukuchongwa? Ngokukhawuleza unakekele inkxalabo enkulu kwisikhungo somhlaza (isikhungo somhlaza esaziwayo kwisizwe okanye isikhungo esikhulu semfundo) .I-CUP yimeko enqabileyo enesidingo efuna amava, ubuchule kunye nekhnoloji ukuhlola nokunyanga, kwaye amaziko emhlaza azaliswe ngamava, ubuchule kunye te knoloji. Iziko elinjalo liya kwenza izifundo eziphambili ze-imaging radiologic kunye nokuvavanywa kwamathambo kwizame zokufumanisa i-tumor yokuqala kunye nokulawula unyango olujoliswe kuyo. Yaye ukuba ukuxilongwa kwe-CUP kungatshintshi, amaziko emhlaza awanikezela kakhulu unyango oluchaphazelayo kunye nenkxaso ekhethekileyo, ukunyamekela isigulane se-CUP kunye nabathandekayo babo.