Sekuyiminyaka siye sabona isepha ye- antibacterial ithengiswa kwiivenkile. Kwakudingeka ukuba ibe bhetele kunesepha "rhoqo", ukubulala iintsholongwane ezisenza sigule kwaye sikhuseleke kwiintsholongwane. Emva koko umyalezo uguqukile. Ngoku sifanele sisebenzise isepha rhoqo. Kweneke ntoni?
I-FDA ithatha isenzo
Ngo-2013, i-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) yaseMelika yanikezela umyalelo kubavelisi bemveliso yesepha ye-antibacterial, efuna ukuba "banikeze i-arhente ngolwazi olongezelelweyo ngokukhuselekileyo nokusebenza kwezimbonakalo ezithile ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlamba ukuba bafuna ukuqhubela phambili ukuthengisa iimveliso zentsholongwane ye-antibacterial eziqulethe ezo zithako.
Oku kwakuquka idatha esuka kwizifundo zekliniki ezibonisa ukuba ezi mveliso ziphezulu kunama-antibacterial shedding in preventing the disease of human or reducing infections. "
NgoSeptemba ka-2016, abakhiqizi babengenakukwazi ukunikela ubungqina bokuba isepha ye-antibacterial inika nayiphi na inzuzo phezu kweseva engenayo izithako zokulwa ne-antibacterial. Ngeli xesha, i-FDA inqume ukuba ingozi iphezulu kuneenzuzo zokuqhubeka nokuvumela ukuba le mveliso ifakwe kwisepha isandla kwaye igwebe ukuba kufuneka ikhutshwe kule mveliso. Oku kuquka ama-antibacterial 19 anesifo esinezona ziqhelekileyo zi-triclosan kunye ne-triclocarban.
Ingxaki Ngama-Antibacterial Agents
Kwiminyaka, abavelisi bathi insipho yokulwa ne-antibacterial iphezulu kuneSepha rhoqo ngenxa yokuba kwakufuneka ibulale ibhaktheriya elukhumbeni kunokuba ihlambulule. Nangona kunjalo, kuvela uphando alubuyiselanga ibango.
Ukuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha elula kunye namanzi kusebenza ngendlela efanayo nokusebenzisa isepha ye-antibacterial. Ukongezelela, izithako ezisetyenziselwa isepha ye-antibacterial zingabangela ukuba utshintsho lwe-hormonal kunye ne- antibiotic resistance . I-Triclosan iye yadibaniswa nokwanda komhlaza kwisifundo sezilwanyana. Nangona kungekho bubungqina obucacileyo bokuthi inani le-triclosan esandleni sesepha lingavelisa umngcipheko womhlaza womntu, izilwanyana ezichazwe kwizidakamizwa eziphezulu kakhulu zesithako zenze umhlaza ngomlinganiselo owandayo.
Utshintsho lwama-hormonal lungabandakanya ukutshintshwa komsebenzi we-thyroid kunye nezinye iziphumo ze-endocrine.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwamabhaktheriya kukuxhalabisa kakhulu ukuba amaninzi amabhaktheriya kwihlabathi lethu namhlanje ahlomelele ukuchasana nemithi yamanzi ekhoyo. Njalo xa ibhaktheriya ibonakala kwi-antibiotiki-okanye into eyenziwa njenge-antibiotiki-kwisebe eliphantsi, inokukwazi ukukhupha ukuchasana nayo. Ibhaktheriya "ibona" into ezama ukuyibulala okanye yokukhubaza kwaye ihlakulele ukukwazi ukunqoba loo nto. Ukubandakanya ezi zithako kwiisepha zingavumela iibhaktheriya ezihlala zikhona kwihlabathi lethu ukuba zikhuphe ukuchasana nala ma-antibacterial agents, ezenza zibe namandla kwaye kunzima ukunyanga kwixesha elizayo.
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwee-antibiotics kubemi jikelele, akunangqiqo ukuqhubeka nokuvumela ezi zithako ukuba zifakwe kwisepha zethu xa zingenalo inzuzo yangempela kwaye inokubangela ingozi. Abanikezeli bonyango kufuneka bahlale bejonge ingozi ngokumalunga nokuxhamla xa benza izigqibo zonyango. Imithetho efanayo iyasebenza kwimpilo karhulumente xa abaphandi benza iinqunto malunga nokuba yiyiphi imveliso "ngokubanzi ibonwa njengekhuselekile (GRAS)" kwaye ayikho.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?
Ekupheleni konyaka we-2017, i-triclosan, i-triclocarban kunye nezinye i-antibacterial agents ezibandakanywe ekuvinjelweni kufuneka zisuswe kwizisepha zesandla somthengi. Ukuvinjelwa akubandakanyi iimveliso ezisetyenziselwa amaziko ezonyango, ukuhlalisa izandla okanye ukucoca.
Izithako ezichongiweyo kwesi sigwebo ziquka:
- Cloflucarban
- Fluorosalan
- Hexachlorophene
- Hexylresorcinol
- Iodophors (izithako ze-iodine)
○ i-iodine complex (i-ammonium ether sulfate kunye ne-polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate)
○ i-iodine complex (i-phosphate ester ye-alkylaryloxy i-polyethylene glycol)
○ I-Nonylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) i-ethanoliodine
○ I-Poloxamer-iodine complex
○ I-Povidone-iodine ye-5 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini
○ I-uececylium chloride iodine complex
- I-Methylbenzethonium chloride
- I-Phenol (ngaphezulu kwama-1.5 ekhulwini)
- I-Phenol (ngaphantsi kwama-1.5 ekhulwini)
- Amanltricresols asekondari
- Oxychlorosene ye sodium
- Tribromsalan
- Triclocarban
- Triclosan
- Idayi kathathu
Amanxuwa kunye nezihlunu zineentlanzi njengento yokucoca kunye kwaye ayisebenzisi phantse rhoqo njengoko isepha kunye namanzi. Zifanele zisetyenziswe xa isepha kunye namanzi azifumaneki kwaye izandla azibonakali zicocekile okanye zingcolile. Isobho kunye neemveliso zokucoca ezisetyenziselwa izicwangciso zonyango zikhutshwa kwesi sigwebo kuba ziyimfuneko xa iintsholongwane ezinokuxhatshazwayo kunye nezifo zixhaphake.
Into onokuyenza
Ukuhlamba izandla zakho kuseyona ndlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela izifo. Ukuhlamba izandla kusebenza ngokudala ukutshatyalaliswa xa ugubungela izandla ndawonye, sebenzisa isepha ukuze ufumane iintsholongwane kwaye uhlanza ngaphantsi kwamanzi asebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuhlamba loo ntsholongwane.
Kubalulekile ukwenza ngokuchanekileyo. Uninzi lwabantu aluhlambululi izandla ngokufanelekileyo okanye ixesha elide elaneleyo. Fundisa abantwana bakho-kunye nawe-ukucula "Inzala Yokuzalwa Enomdla" kabini ngokuvakalayo okanye entloko yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlamba ixesha elide elaneleyo. Ukuhlamba okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 yinto ekhuthazwa ngamaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) kunye ne-World Health Organization (WHO).
Gwema iimveliso ezibhalwa njenge-antibacterial ukuba uthenga isepha kunye nokuhlamba umzimba kwikhaya lakho okanye uluntu. Umngcipheko wosuleleko olusisiseko kuluntu luhlala luphantsi kwaye ingozi yokusebenzisa le mveliso kwimihla ngemihla iphezulu kakhulu. Esinye sezizathu baya kuqhubeka besetyenziselwa esibhedlele kunye nezicwangciso zonyango kuba i-bhakteria nomngcipheko wokusuleleka kuphezulu kakhulu kwezo zicwangciso. Kule meko, kukholelwa ukuba inzuzo iphezulu ngaphezu kweengozi.
Ukunceda ukulwa nokuchasene nokulwa ne-antibiotics, unokuqinisekisa ukuba uthatha i-antibiotics kuphela xa kuyimfuneko kwaye ulandele izikhokelo ozinikiweyo xa ufuna. I-antibiotics ayisebenzeli ii-virus. Akunakukunceda ukuba uphucule ngokukhawuleza ukuba unobanda , umkhuhlane okanye nokuba uninzi lwezifo kunye nezifo zesifo .
Hlola isepha kunye nokuhlamba umzimba oyisebenzisayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayinayo nayiphi na isithako. Ukuba benza, fumana ezinye iindlela.
ILizwi
Kusenokuzama ukufumana iimveliso ezibiza ukuba zibonelele ngokukhuselekileyo kwiintsholongwane kwimeko yethu. Nangona kunjalo, ininzi yeebhaktheriya kunye nezinye iintsholongwane esizifumanayo kunye nosuku ngalunye ayingozi. Ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezingasifaka ingozi enkulu kwixesha elizayo akufanelekile ukulinganiswa kobuninzi bokhuseleko abasithi bayibonelele namhlanje, ingakumbi ukususela ekubeni isayensi ayigcini le mabango.
Geza izandla zakho ngeesepha rhoqo kunye namanzi njengoko kuyimfuneko-ngaphambi nangemva kokutya okanye ukulungiselela ukutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yokuhlambela okanye ukutshintsha i-diaper, ngaphambi kokuba uthinte ubuso bakho, nangemva kokuphuma ngaphandle kwendawo kunye nokuthintela izinto ezikhoyo. Xa ufuna izinto zokucoca zentsapho yakho, qiniseka ukuba aziqukethe izithako ezibhalwe ngasentla.
> Imithombo:
> Aiello AE, uLarson EL, Levy SB. Umphunga we-Antibacterial Savings: Uphumelele okanye Unobungozi nje? Iiklinikhi ezingenayo . 2007; 45 (Supplement_2): S137-S147. i-doi: 10.1086 / 519255.
> UMkomishinala O we. Cinezela iNgxelo - i-FDA imiqathango yokugqibela ekukhuseleni nasekusebenzeni kweesabatha zesifo sengculaza. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm517478.htm.
> Ukhuseleko kunye nokuphumelela kwabathengi abathintekayo; Iimveliso zeMithi yeMithi yeMithi yokuLawulwa kweMithi yokuLawulwa kweziTywala. Register Register. https: //www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/09/06/2016-21337/safety-and-effectiveness-consumer-entiseptics-topical-antimicrobial-drug-products-.
> Zorrilla LM, Gibson EK, Jeffay SC, et al. Iimpembelelo zeTriclosan kwi-Puberty kunye ne-Hormones ye-Thyroid kwi-Male Wistar Rats. I-Toxicol Sci . 2009; 107 (1): 56-64. i-doi: 10.1093 / i-toxsci / kfn225.