Umdlavuza womlenze yiyona nto ibangela ukuba amadoda namabhinqa e-United States. Unokuba ucinga ukuyeka ukutshaya ngokukhawuleza xa uva la manani, kodwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu angabikho ababhemayo yi-6 ekhokelela ekufeni kwe-cancer e-United States.
Ukongeza ndawonye bobabini abangabhemki nomhlaza wamaphaphu kunye nabantu abomileyo abaneminye yemingcipheko yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kubalulekile ukujonga ingxaki yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukusuka kwinqanaba elihlukile.
Sinokunciphisa kangakanani inani lokufa komhlaza wamaphaphu ngaphandle kokuthetha ngokuyeka ukutshaya? Makhe sithethe ngeendlela ezili-10 esinokuqala ukunciphisa ukubulawa komhlaza wamaphaphu namhlanje ngaphandle kokuyeka ukutshaya.
(Kwabo banqwenela ukuba bafunde kabanzi malunga neekreyidi nomhlaza wamaphaphu, khangela le ngcaciso ebanzi ngokubhema nomhlaza wemiphunga .)
Khumbulani ukuba umdlavuza we-Lung Asisifo seS smoke
Ukuthetha ngomhlaza wemiphunga ngaphandle kokukhuphela ukutshaya ukutshaya kungabonakala ngathi kukuphikisa. Kuyinyani ukuba ukutshaya kunomthwalo wemithwalo yemingcingo yamaphaphu. Ukuyeka ukubhema kubalulekile kwaye enye yezinto ezilungileyo kakhulu esinokuzenza ukuze kuncitshiswe ukufa kukunceda abantu bakhankhise umkhwa.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona ukutshaya kutshabalaliswa namhlanje ngokupheleleyo, siya kuhlala sinomdlavuza womhlaza wamaphaphu.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuthi ukuyeka ukutshaya akuyi kuphelisa ukufa komhlaza wamaphaphu . Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo kukuba, kukho izizathu zomhlaza wemiphunga ngaphandle kokutshaya.
Kwaye phakathi kwabantu abatshaya apha kukho izinto ezongezelelweyo ezonyusa okanye ukunciphisa ithuba lokuba ziya kuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Esinye isizathu esibalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwabantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu namhlanje ababheki. Kunoko, ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini abantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu basakuba ngabokutshaya. Kubasetyhini, phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 azizange zibheke.
Ukuthetha ngokuyeka ukutshaya kuyancomeka, kodwa njengezinto ezintle "ezintle" ebomini bethu, kunokukhokelela. Umgca womdlavuza ngumphunga wamaphaphu kukuba ukufunda izizathu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphandle kokutshaya, nokusabalalisa igama malunga nalezi zimbangela, kuye kwanyanzeliswa okanye kuphethwe ngumlinganiselo omkhulu wolwazi ngokubhema. Nangona siqhubeka sifuna izizathu zenye i-kansa-kwaye ekufumaneni le miba engozi yokunceda abantu banciphisa ingozi yabo-kubonakala ngathi, ngezinye iindlela, siye sabetha iminwe yethu ngokutshaya ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, sisula izandla zethu, sahamba .
Umzekelo ukufaneleka kwekhasi lamagama, ngoko makhe siqale ngomzekelo omnye wokugxila ekubhekeni ukunciphisa ulwazi lomnye umqobo okhuselekayo womhlaza wemiphunga.
Ingxaki yokuCima umdlavuza weLung njengeSifo soTshwala
Kulabo basenamathele ekunqumeni ukuyeka ukutshaya yedwa njengendlela yokunciphisa ukufa komhlaza wamaphaphu, makhe sijonge umzekelo we- radon nomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
I-gason ye-Radon iyi-gesi engenambala, engenambala, eveliswa ukubola okuqhelekileyo kwe-uranium emhlabathini phantsi kwamakhaya ethu. Amanqanaba okwanda kweli gazi atholakala kumakhaya 1 kwimi-15 e-United States, nakwihlabathi jikelele.
Xa igesi ikhutshwa ngaphandle kwemoya itshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza.Ingxaki iyenzeka xa le gesi igxininiswa emakhaya ethu.
Siyazi ukuba ukuxhamla kwi-radon yiyona nto ibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangabhemi kunye nesibini esibangela ukuba abantu bashunqume. Ukuboniswa okwangoku kukhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangama-27,000 umhlaza womhlaza ngamnye ngonyaka kwi-US kuphela.
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka komdlavuza womphunga wamaphaphu (umngcipheko, sibona, owona mkhulu kunabesifazane nabantwana), masiqhathanise lesi sifo kumhlaza wesifuba. Kukho ama-40,000 omhlaza wesibeleko sokubeleka ngomnyaka ngamnye e-US Ukuba sasiyazi indlela yokuyikhusela, kwaye emva koko, ukuphelisa imbangela ye-75 ekhulwini yeengcingo zebele, ngaba ucinga ukuba besiyivile?
Sekunjalo uvavanya umgangatho we-radon ekhaya lakho , kwaye uququzelele ukunciphisa i-radon ukuba kuyimfuneko, unokuphelisa inani elifanayo lokufa.
I-Order Lung Cancer Screening kuwo wonke umntu onokufaneleka
Ukuba utshaya okanye utshaya umva, qiniseka ukuba ukhangele izikhokelo zomhlaza wesifo somhlaza . Ukuba wonk 'ubani owayefanelekile ukuhlolwa, wayecinga ukuba sinokunciphisa izinga lokufa komdlavuza ngamaphesenti angama-20. Omnye kwabathathu abantu abaye bafuna ukufa ngenxa yesifo bahlala ubomi.
Uvavanyo lucebisa ukuba:
- Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-80
- Abantu abaqhubeka beshiya okanye bayeke ukutshaya kwiminyaka eyi-15 edluleyo
- Abantu abaye bashaya i- pack-year- 30 okanye ngaphezulu
- Abantu abanokunyamezela ukuhlinzwa (okanye umbane ogqityiweyo) ukuba umfuziselo wamandulo we-lungeni ufunyanwa
Nangona eli nqaku liphathelele iindlela zokunciphisa ukufa kwabantu abasuka kumdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphandle kokuyeka ukutshaya, kubonakala ukuba enye "yeempembelelo" zomhlaza wesifo somdlavuza ngumlinganiselo wokunyuka kokutshaya. Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somhlaza kubonelela "umzuzu onokufundiswa" kwaye sele kufunyanwe ukuba abo banokuhlola i-CT banakho ukuyeka ukutshaya kunezo ezingenayo ukuhlola.
Musa ukuxhomekeka kwiDokotela wakho ukuba ufunde nge-Lung Cancer Screening
Ngaba uyazi izikhokelo zesifo somhlaza wemiphunga? Ukuba awukho, awunabo. Uvavanyo lwango-2016 lufumene ukuba isiqingatha samagqirha enyango oluphambili asizange sazi oku. Ngoko ukuba uthembele kwi-internist okanye ugqirha wentsapho ukuba akufundise, amathuba akho 50:50 ukuba uya kukwazi malunga nale nto.
Siyazi ukuba abaninzi abantu bayashunqisa kwaye baninzi abantu abaye batshaya apho. Kungenzeka ukuba abaninzi abafundi bajonga ubuncinci ababenokutshaya bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo ngaphantsi kwesigqirha soogqirha abavakalisayo babethetha esinye isiguli okanye iziguli ezininzi ngokukhangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphezu kweenyanga ezili-12. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezi Abanye oogqirha bavakalisa ukungaqiniseki ngokuphathelele ukuhlolwa komhlaza wamaphaphu, becinga ukuba kunokwandisa ixesha lokuphila. Ezinye iingxaki zokufumana i-inshorensi iingxaki okanye inzakalo ekhoyo enxulumene nokuhlola. (I-Medicare ngoku ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa.)
Kungakhathaliseki isizathu, oku kukunye isikhumbuzo sokuba ube ngummeli wakho kwinkathalo yakho yempilo. Funda malunga neemvavanyo zokuvavanya ezifumanekayo ukwenzela ukuba unqume ukuba zezi zinto ziza kukunceda wena, okanye akunjalo. Thatha ixesha lokufunda okungakumbi malunga nokuchasana komhlaza wesifo somhlaza .
Qonda ukuba iZikhokelo zoKhenketho zeClay Cancer Workwork Work in Progress
Izikhokelo ezikhoyo esizifumanayo ngokukhangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu zichanekileyo kwaye ziyaqhubeka zifundiswa.
Uphononongo olutshanje lufumene ukuba kuphela umntu wesithathu oye wacwangciswa ukuba abe nomhlaza wemiphunga wamaphaphu wadibana nezikhokelo zokucoca ukwenzela ukuba nangona sasiyihlolisisa wonke umntu ofanelekileyo, siya kulahleka ezininzi iisomhlaza.
Omnye ummandla ophandwayo (kunye nezikhokelo zinokutshintsha) yiloo bantu abayeka ukutshaya ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo. Siyazi ukuba ababeshushu baxakeka emngciphekweni kwiminyaka emininzi kwaye abantu abaninzi bakhumbula ukuba uPaul Newman wafa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu emva kweminyaka engama-30 emva kokuyeka.
Kungenzeka ukuba izikhokelo ziya kwandiswa ukwenzela ukuba abantu abaye bayeka kwixesha elidlulileyo bafakiwe, kodwa ngoku, bathethe ugqirha xa uyeka ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-15 edlulileyo kodwa ukhathazekile. Izikhokelo zenzelwe uluntu jikelele, kodwa wena nodokotela wakho unako isigqibo sokuba kufuneka uhlolwe ngaphandle kwezi khokelo. Kulabo abaneCOPD, le ngxoxo ibaluleke ngakumbi, njengoko i- COPD iyingozi yecala lomhlaza wamaphaphu .
Yazi Iimpawu Zomhlaza We-Lung - Nangona Awuzange Ushiye!
Ngaphandle kokuba uhlangabezane nemigqaliselo yesifo somhlaza wemiphunga, kwaye ukuba awukholelwa ukuba unemeko ekhethekileyo efuna ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kwezi zikhokelo, unendlela eyodwa yokufumana umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwiindawo zokuqala: uyazi iimpawu.
Izifundo zisitshela ukuba nangona abaninzi abantu beqhelana nempawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wemiphunga, abaninzi abanakuchaza igama leempawu ezintathu eziphezulu.
Ingxenye yesi sizathu kukuba iindidi eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wemiphunga zitshintshile kwiminyaka yamuva, kwaye kunye noko, iimpawu.
Okwangoku, imiphunga ye-adenocarcinoma , uhlobo lwesifo somhlaza wesifo samangqamuzana esingumntu omncinci ngumdla wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu. Ezi zifo zomdlavuza zivame ukukhula kwimida yeemiphunga kude ne-airways, kwaye kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba kubangele ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okanye ukukhwehlela igazi.
Ngomphunga we-adenocarcinomas (ngokuqhelekileyo uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza kubantu abangabhemi, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo kubasetyhini kunye nolunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo kubantu abadala abanoomdlavuza wamaphaphu ) uphawu oluqhelekileyo luphefumlelwe . Oku kufutshane okuphefumulayo kungafika ngokukhawuleza, okokuqala kuphela ngokuzivocavoca ngamandla. Kulula ukukhupha le mpawu njengesibonakaliso sokuba awukho uhlobo okanye uneminyaka embalwa. Ukuba ufumana ukuphefumula okufutshane, nangona uvakalelwa ukuba kuhambelana nalezo zigidi ezili-10 ezongezelelweyo ozifumanayo, tyelela ugqirha wakho.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuqala kunye neempawu zomhlaza wemiphunga ziquka:
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukuhlamba igazi
- Izifo ezifana nezifo ezifana ne-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia
- Ukuthuka
- Ukugubha
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenziyo
- Intlungu yesifuba (apho abanye abantu bachaza njengentlungu yomphunga )
- Umqolo obuhlungu
- Intlungu
Kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngokunjalo, ezifana nokukhathala, iimbambo zegazi emilenzeni (inzulu ye-vein thrombosis), kunye nokudandatheka.
Musa ukukhawuleza Ukuba Unemiqondiso
Ukuqhelana neempawu zomhlaza wamaphaphu kuphela, ke, akwanele. Ukuba unayo impawu ezi ngasentla kufuneka u tyelele ugqirha wakho. Oko kwathiwa, ixesha eliphakathi kokuqala kweempawu kunye nokuxilongwa komhlaza wamaphaphu okwangoku malunga neenyanga ezili-12. Ngenxa yokuba ixesha eliphindwe kabini lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lingaphantsi kweli, ezi ziinyanga ezili-12 zingenza umehluko phakathi komhlaza ophilileyo kunye ongenakunyanga.
Ukuba awunayo inkcazo ecacileyo malunga nayiphi na impawu ezi ngasentla, qhubeka uxoxa nodokotela wakho. Unokufuna ukufumana umbono wesibini.
Musa ukuthemba i-X Negro Chest Ray
Ukuba ugqirha wakho wayala i-x-ray esifubeni kwaye uziva ulungile, qhubeka ubuza imibuzo. Sifunde ukuba i- x-rays esifubeni ikwazi ukukhumbula amaconcercer emaphaphu kwaye kaninzi yenza. Kwesifundo esisodwa esikhulu, kwafunyanwa ukuba ngaphezu kwama-25 ekhulwini abantu abafumene umhlaza wemiphunga baye baqinisekiswa ukuba bane-x-ray yesiqhelo esifanelekileyo kunyaka owandulelayo, kwaye iimeko ezingamakhondomenti ezingekhoyo zijongene ne-40% ye-radiology malpractice izigwebo ezibandakanya isifuba.
Yazi Izinto Zakho zobungozi
Ngaba wayesazi ukuba imbali yentsapho yomdlavuza wamaphaphu iphakamisa umngcipheko wakho, nokuba awuzange uphe? Ngaba wayesazi ukuba unomdla weengcambu zebele zombele esizivile kangaka, i- BRCA2 iphakamisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ? Ngaba uyazi ukuba abaninzi abafazi bafa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu kunomdlavuza wesifuba kwaye iipesenti ezingama-20 zala mabhinqa azizange zithinte i-cigarette?
Njengoko sifunde nomhlaza webele, ukuba uqaphele izinto ezinobungozi zingakuqaphela ukuba ukhangele iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abaqhelanga kakhulu nemingcipheko yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunokuba bangengozini yomhlaza wesifuba, nangona banokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Funda malunga Nokuba Ungayenza njani Umngcipheko wakho weNgqungquthela yomhlaza weLung
Siyazi ukuba kukho iindlela eziliqela apho abantu banokunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza wamaphaphu ongenakwenza nxamnye nokutshaya. Ekubeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu uye wadibanisa kakhulu ngokubhema, abaninzi abantu abazi ukuba ezinye zezi nyathelo-nokuba ezo zilula.
- Hlola ikhaya lakho nge-radon
- Qaphela ngeekhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ekhaya nasemsebenzini. Kucingelwa ukuba ukuya kuma-27 ekhulwini lamanomdla emiphunga emaphandleni kumadoda ubuncinci ngokumalunga nokuchasana nokusebenza emsebenzini (funda ngezizathu zomsebenzi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu )
- Ukuzivocavoca - Ngona nemilinganiselo emancinci yokuzilolonga, njengokugadi kwimizi kabini ngeveki, kunokunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga
- Yidla ukutya okunempilo - Khangela ezi ndawo eziphezulu zokunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza wamaphaphu
Ukuxhasa uPhando lweLung Cancer okanye Yiba nguMmeli
Ukukhuthaza umhlaza wemiphunga kuyadingeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Enye kukumane ukuphakamisa ulwazi. Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, bambalwa abantu abajwayelene neempawu zomhlaza wemiphunga, kwaye bambalwa kakhulu abaye beva malunga nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza. Kukho imfuneko enkulu yokusabalalisa ilizwi malunga nomhlaza wemiphunga.
Esinye isizathu sokusasaza ilizwi kukuba ukuqhubela phambili kwenziwa. Isimo sengqondo somdlavuza wemiphunga uye waba nefuthe, kunye nezigulane kunye noogqirha babo bezibuza ukuba ngaba kunokwenza umxhatshazo ukuhlolisisa eso sifo ekuqaleni. Uphulo lomhlaza womphunga luya kuphucula. Izinga lokusinda komdlavuza wamaphaphu ziphucula. Mhlawumbi, ukuba uluntu luyaqonda ngakumbi oku, abantu babeya kuba nako ukutyelela oogqirha babo ngeempawu okanye baqwalasele ukuhlola.
Isizathu sokugqibela sokubhengezwa kukuba luyimfuneko kakhulu kwiinkxaso. Ukubhengezwa kubonisa inkxaso-mali, leyo leyo ixhasa uxhando lwemiphunga yomhlaza. Umdlavuza womlenze uhlawulelwa ngemali ngokumalunga neminye yamanye emdlavuza kumgangatho wabucala kunye noluntu. Ukongezelela, baninzi abasindayo ngaphandle apho bahamba kwaye baleka ukuphakamisa inkxaso. Kuye kuthiwa ngaphandle komdlavuza wamaphaphu ukwenza umehluko kubomi balabo abaphila nomhlaza wamaphaphu namhlanje, kwaye abo baya kuhlala nomhlaza wemiphunga esikhathini esizayo.
Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela yokuba ngummeli womhlaza wemiphunga .
Imithombo:
UFintelmann, F., uBernheim, A., Digumarthy, S. et al. Iingxowa ezili-10 ze-Lung Cancer Screening: Ukulinganisa kunye nokuHlaliswa kweNkqubo yeCilver Screening Programme. Radiographics . 2015. 35 (7): 1893-908.
Phinda iHI. Iimigaqo kunye nokuSebenza kweCarcer yeLung: I-Official Reference Reference ye-IASLC. Philadelphia: IWolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Print.
Pedersen, J., Tonnessen, P., noH. H. Ashraf. Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye neCung Cancer Screening. Iingxelo zeMicrosoft Medicine . 2016. 4 (8): 157.
Raz, D., Wu, G., Consunji, M. et al. Iimbono kunye nokusetyenziswa kweCill Cancer Screening Phakathi kwaBanqononophahla beNtloko. Umbhalo we-Thoracic Oncology . 2016. 11 (11): 1856-1862.