I-Myocardial Infarties ngaphandle kwemiqondiso ebonakalayo
Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo yintliziyo isifo senhliziyo esenzeka ngaphandle kokubangela iimpawu ezibonakalayo - okanye ubuncinane, ngaphandle kokubangela iimpawu ezinzima kangangokuthi ixhoba alikwazi ukuwahoxisa. Ukuxilongwa kuyenziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, xa ubungqina bentsholongwane ye-myocardial (intliziyo yesifo) ifumaneka kwi- electrocardiogram kumntu ongenayo imbali yeklinikhi yokuba neentlungu zentliziyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba bantu bafumanisa ukuba babona ugqirha ngenxa yezizathu ezingahambelani ngokupheleleyo.
Xa ukuxilongwa kokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kwangaphambili kwenziwa, ngokuqhelekileyo isigulane kunye nodokotela bayamangalisa.
Sibanzi
Abaninzi bethu bathambekele ukucinga nge- infyoction ye-myocardial (intliziyo ye-intlintle) njengesiganeko esihle kakhulu-kunye nexesha elininzi, kunjalo. Isifo senhliziyo sivame ukuvela xa i-atherosclerotic plaque enye yeerterotic coronary rupture. Ukuphuka kubangela ukuba i-clot yegazi iyenze kwi-artery, ekhokelela ekukhuselweni okukhulu. Intliziyo yesistim isinikezwa ngumthamo ovalwe ngokukhawuleza uba yi- ischemic (ilambile i-oxygen), ekhokelela ekubandezelekeni kwesifuba okanye ezinye iimpawu eziphazamisayo. Ngaphandle kokuba ukucinywa kukhululiwe kwiiyure ezimbalwa, i-muschem isifo senhliziyo. Kukufa kwesahlulo senhliziyo esiswini esenza i-heart attack.
Ngokugqithiseleyo, iimpawu ezibangelwa yintsimbi ye-coronary ekhutshiwe yomeleleyo kangangokuba abaninzi abantu abanenkinga ngokukhawuleza bafuna uncedo lwezokwelapha.
Nangona kunjalo, akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu babandezeleke nge-myocardial infarctions ngaphandle kokuphawula iimpawu ezibaphoqa ukuba babone ugqirha.
Uqikelelo lwangoku kukuba malunga ne-20% yeentlungu zentliziyo azizange zifunyanwe de kubekho ixesha emva kokuba umcimbi uphele. Ingxaki, eqinisweni, ukuba unyango olukhuphayo alukwazi ukunikezelwa xa umntu engazi ukuba kukho ukuhlasela kwentliziyo, kwaye unyango olukhawulezayo luba luleke ukuba umonakalo wento yomzimba oyingozi ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo iyancitshiswa.
Izibonakaliso kunye neZigotygiso ze-"Typical" Heart Attack
Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo senhliziyo bayazi ngokukhawuleza ukuba into ephosakeleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bafumana ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba okanye olunye uhlobo lwentlungu engathandekiyo. Kwaye nangona intlungu okanye ukuphazamiseka kunokuthi "i-atypical" (umzekelo, inokuchaphazela intamo, amahlombe, okanye ukubuyela endaweni yesifuba ngokwayo), ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima ukuyihoxisa. Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zihlala zikhona, ezinokubandakanya ukuphuka kwi- sweat ekhuzileyo , ukuphefumula okufutshane, okanye ukuvakalelwa kwesigwebo esizayo. Ngamafutshane, ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo ngokuqhelekileyo kunokugqithiseleyo "kunokubonakalayo" - ngokuqhelekileyo kuyinto efihlakeleyo njengoko ibanjwe ebusweni ngamabini ngamane.
Kutheni Enye Intliziyo Ihlaselwa Ngomlomo?
Ngenxa yeempawu eziqhelekileyo, kusenokumangalisa ukuva oko, ngenxa yabantu abancinci beentlungu zentliziyo, ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo "kuthuli." Okokuthi, ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kwenzeka - i-coronary artery ivinjiwe nge-clot yegazi kunye nezinye zeentliziyo zifa-ngaphandle kokuba ixhoba liyazi ukuba nantoni na eyenzekayo.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba abanye abantu banokuhlaselwa intliziyo ngaphandle kwempawu ezibonakalayo. Ezi ziquka:
- Abanye abantu banomthwalo obunzima , okanye ukunyamezela okukhulu, kwaye 'awanakuboni' iimpawu ezinokuba nzima ukuba thina sonke singayinaki.
- Iimeko ezithile zonyango - ingakumbi isifo sikashukela kunye nesifo sesifo esingasigxina - singathintela iimbilini ezithwele impembelelo, ngoko iimpawu ze- angina okanye i-heart attack
- Kwamanye abantu, i- carchemac ischemia inokuthi ivelise iimpawu ze-atypical. Esikhundleni sokufumana i-angina, umzekelo, banokufumana i- dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane) , ubuthathaka obuthathaka, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezingezizo abantu abaninzi abanakuzixubusha ngokukhawuleza nentliziyo yabo. Iimpawu zeempawu ze-hearticchemism ischemia zenzeka ikakhulukazi kubafazi.
- Abanye abantu - ngokukodwa xa iimpawu zingabonakaliyo-zizinto ezilungileyo kakhulu zokungayinaki impawu kunye neempawu zesifo senhliziyo , kwaye ziyakwazi ukuzisusa njengokuba kubanda, kubetha , okanye "into endiyidlayo."
- Ubudala kunye nesondo zidibene nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo. Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunokwenzeka ukuba kunokuthula kubantu abadala, ngakumbi abo bangaphezu kwama-75. Bakubonakala ngokuqhelekileyo kumadoda kunabesifazana.
Xa ungeze zonke ezi zizathu, kubonakala ngathi malunga neentlanu zeentliziyo zihlaselwa.
Ukuxhamlaza kunye nokufa
Ungafa nasiphi na isifo senhliziyo. Nangona ukuphikisana okunokwenziwa kungenziwa ukuba xa kwenzeka ukufa, ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo akusayi kubonwa "ukuthula," kubantu abaninzi abane-CAD uphawu lokuqala okanye iimpawu abazifumanayo kwiimeko zabo ngokufa ngokukhawuleza . Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi abafa ngokukhawuleza, bengenayo imbali engaphambili yeengxaki zentliziyo, ngokwenene bane-CAD ebalulekileyo-kwaye mhlawumbi bafumana ezininzi iziganeko zokuthi "zithe cwaka", kwaye mhlawumbi zihlaselwa yintliziyo, ngaphambi kokuba ziboshwe.
Abantu ababonakala kakuhle kodwa bafunyaniswa ukuba bahlaselwe yintliziyo yokuhlaselwa kubonakala ngathi banokugqithiselwa ixesha elide kunokuba abantu bahlaselwa yintliziyo kwaye baphathwe ngokukhawuleza. Umngcipheko okhulayo mhlawumbi unxulumene nokuxhaphaka okukhulu kwesifo sikashukela okanye isifo sezintso kula bantu, ubudala babo obudala, kunye nokuba iziganeko ezilandelayo ze-carchemac ischemia nazo ziyakwazi "ukuthula," ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba uphathwe ngokukhawuleza .
Ukuxilongwa
Ngenxa yokuba isifo senhliziyo esingenanto asivelisi iimpawu ezibangela ukuba ixhoba lifune uncedo lwezokwelapha, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kuphela emva kwenyaniso - emva kokuba umonakalo sele wenziwe. Ngexesha elizayo, ugqirha ngokuqhelekileyo uya kuqaphela ukuba umonakalo wentliziyo luyenzeka ngokuhlola i-electrocardiogram. Ukuxilongwa kungaqinisekiswa ngokwenza i- echocardiogram , apho i-heart-weakened heart muscle ingabonwa.
Unyango Emva kokuhlaselwa kweNtliziyo yeNtliziyo
Emva kokuba ufunyenwe ukuba uhlaselwe intliziyo ngokusicatshulwa, iimbini ezibalulekileyo ngoku ziyaziwa ngawe. Okokuqala , unesifo esibalulekileyo se-coronary disease (CAD) .
Okwesibini , iimpawu zakho azikwazi ukuxhomekeka njengendlela enzima ngayo i-CAD yakho, okanye indlela ephathwa ngayo ngokwaneleyo. Oko kukuthi, ukungabikho kwempawu (ezifana ne-angina) akusikho isibonakaliso esinokwethenjelwa sokuba unyango lusebenza, okanye ukuba i-CAD yakho izinzile.
Ukuba unesifo senhliziyo esicacileyo, kufuneka ufumane zonke iinkatho ezifana naluphi na umntu oye wasinda ekuhlaselweni kwentliziyo. Utyando kufuneka lujoliswe ku:
- Ukuthintela i-ischemia eyongezelelweyo ngamachiza, kwaye mhlawumbi i-revascularization (kunye ne- stents okanye ukuhlinzwa ngokugqithisileyo ).
- Ukuthintela ukuqala kwentliziyo .
- Ukuthintela ukufa ngenxa yeengqungquthela zomzimba .
Funda ngokubanzi malunga nokuba le miqathango emithathu inganciphisa njani umngcipheko wakho wokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo .
Ukongeza kwolu hlobo lwe-post-heart attack therapy, abantu abaye bahlaselwa yintliziyo yintsholongwane bangadinga unyango olongezelelweyo ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo loxinzelelo .
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo luya kunceda iinjongo ezibalulekileyo kubantu abaye bahlaselwa yintliziyo. Okokuqala, kunokuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba alinganise "umyinge" wokuzivocavoca ovelisa ischemia kwimeko yakho. Oko kukuthi, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukunika imiyalelo ethile malunga nento ekhuselekileyo ukuba uyenze. Ekubeni ungeke usebenzise ukuqala kwe-angina njengesilumkiso sokuba wenza okuninzi, lolu hlobo luya kuba luleke kakhulu.
Kwaye okwesibini, xa i-ischemia iqhubeka ngexesha lokuvavanya uxinzelelo, ngaba abantu abaye bahlaselwa yintliziyo kunye / okanye i-ischemia engathuliyo baya kuhlala becinga "into," nangona kungenjalo. Ngoko, uvavanyo loxinzelelo lunokunika ingxelo ebalulekileyo kubantu abangenasicchemical silence - ingabafundisa ukuba "le nto yinto eschemia ifana nayo kwimeko yakho." Kwixesha elizayo, nanini na xa ufumana "oku" ukuvakalelwa-nokuba kukukhathazeka kancinci kwiphepha, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza, okanye nayiphi na into enokuba nayo - kuthetha ukuba mhlawumbi unesilingana "se-angina" kwaye kufuneka ukhawuleze misa oko uyenzayo kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yakho kagqirha yokuphatha i-angina (njengokuthatha i- tablet ye nitroglycerin ).
ILizwi
I-CAD - nokuba i-CAD ebalulekileyo - ayisoloko ivelisa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezichazwe kwiincwadi zonyango. I-cardiac ischemia kunye neemeko zentliziyo ziqhelekile kubantu abangazange babe nezibonakaliso zeCAD. Abantu abaye bahlaselwa yintliziyo ngokukhawuleza kufuneka baqwalasele ngakumbi iintliziyo zabo ukukhusela umonakalo oqhubekayo wenhliziyo.
Ukuba unemiba emininzi yemingcipheko ye-CAD , njengokubhema, ukuhlala ubomi obusondezayo, ukugqithisa, nokuba ne- cholesterol ephezulu okanye umfutho wexinzelelo , ukungabikho kwempawu akufanele kuthatyathwe njengobungqina bokuba konke kulungile nemithambo ye-coronary. Ufanele uthethe ugqirha malunga nento ongayenza ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wakho omkhulu , ngaphambi kokuba uhlupheke ngakumbi, mhlawumbi ungenakuphikiswa, umonakalo entliziyweni yakho-okanye ngakumbi.
> Imithombo:
> Aldweib N, Negishi K, Hachamovitch R, et al. Impembelelo yokuphindaphinda i-Myocardial Revascularization kwisiphumo kwizigulane ezine-Silk Ischemia emva kwe-Revascularization yangaphambili. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 1616.
> Gehi AK, Ali S, Na B, et al. I-Ischemia engabonakaliyo kunye neengozi yeziganeko ze-Cardiovascular Circurrents in Outpatients nge-Stable Coronary Heart Disease: I-Heart and Soul Study. I-Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1423.
> Gibbons LW, Mitchell TL, Wei M, et al. Uvavanyo lokuQinisekisa ngokuPhezulu okuMaqambile njengoMcebisi woMngcipheko wokufa kwabantu abavela kwiCoronary Heart Cold in Men Asymptomatic. Ngaba uJ Cardiol 2000; 86:53