Amaminithi okuqala kunye neeyure ziyimfuneko yokusinda kwi-Heart Attack
Kukho izizathu ezibini ezifanelekileyo ukuba kufuneka uzi ukuba ungasinda njani ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo. Okokuqala, iingxaki ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uya kuba neentlungu zentliziyo ngexesha lokuphila kwakho. Okwesibini, nokuba usaphila ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunokuxhomekeka koko wena kunye noogqirha bakho nenza ntoni ngeeyure ezimbalwa zokuqala.
Yintoni Intliziyo Yokuhlasela?
Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, okubizwa ngokuba yi- myocardial infarction (MI) , yindlela enzima kakhulu ye -coronary syndrome (ACS) .
Njengazo zonke iifom ze-ACS, ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kudla ngokubangela ukuphala kwe- atherosclerotic plaque ngaphakathi kweyeriyari (iirridwe ezinika i-oksijini kwintliziyo yesisu). Ukuphuka kweplate kwenza i-clot yegazi ifake, ekhokelela ekukhuselweni komthambo. Intliziyo yesifo esinikezwa ngumthi ovaliweyo uqala ukufa. Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kuyafunyanwa xa kukho ukufa kwesahlulo senhliziyo.
Ziziphi iziphumo zentliziyo yokuhlasela?
Kwinqanaba elikhulu, isiphumo sesifo senhliziyo sincike kwisifo senhliziyo. Umthamo wesisu senhliziyo eswelekayo uhambelana nendawo ephihliweyo yombhoxo, apho i-artery ikhutshwe khona, kwaye (mhlawumbi ibaluleke kakhulu) ingaba ixesha elidlulayo ngaphambi kokuba umzobo uphinde uvule ngonyango. Ukukhutshwa okukufutshane nomvelaphi wesicingci kuya kuchaphazela intliziyo yentliziyo kunokugqithisa ngaphezu komthamo. Ukukhutshwa okuqhubekayo kwiiyure ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu kuya kubangela ukuba ukufa kweentliziyo zenzeke ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba kuvaliwe ukuguqulwa kweeyure ezimbini okanye ezintathu.
Ukuba inani lomonakalo wenthambo yenhliziyo lukhulu, kunokwenzeka ukuhlakulela ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo ngexesha le-MI ngokwayo, eyona yingozi imeko. Ukuba inani lomonakalo wenthambo yenhliziyo lincinci kodwa lisaqakathekile, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kunokusakhula kamva. Ngoko, ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo emva kokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, okanye ukuphathwa kakubi kwenhliziyo xa kufanelekile, kuluphawu olubaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni intliziyo.
Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunokuvelisa i- arrhythmias eyingozi yeentliziyo. Ngethuba leMI ngokwayo, ukungazinzi kombane kubakho okubangelwa i- tachycardia ye-ventricular (VT) kunye ne- fibrillation ye-ventricular (VF) . Kamva, izicubu ezibomvu ezibangelwa kwinkqubo yokuphulukisa ingabangela ukungazinzi kombane ngokusisigxina. Ngoko, ngelishwa, ukuboshwa kwentliziyo kunye nokufa ngokukhawuleza kukho ingozi ekhoyo ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, kwaye (kwinqanaba elithile) emva kokubuyisela ngokupheleleyo.
Kutheni iiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala zeNtshontsho yeNtliziyo ziBalulekileyo?
Kuba nabani na abanesifo senhliziyo, ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kubaluleke kakhulu kwizizathu ezibini:
- Ininzi yokubanjwa kwentliziyo ebonwayo ngokuhlaselwa kweentliziyo ezinzima kwenzeka kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala. Ukuba ukubanjwa kwentliziyo kwenzeka emva kokuba ixhoba lesifo senhliziyo sifinyelele esibhedlele, kukho ithuba elihle kakhulu lokunyangwa ngempumelelo; Ngaphandle koko, iingxaki zokubanjwa komzimba ziphantsi kakhulu.
- Bobabini imiphumo emfutshane kunye nexesha elide lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo ixhomekeka ngokukodwa kwimizimba yesifo senhliziyo. Ngonyango olukhawulezayo kunye nolugqirha, utywala oluvaliweyo lunokuvulwa ngokukhawuleza, ngaloo ndlela ulondoloze ininzi yesifo senhliziyo esengozini yokufa. Ukuba unyango lunikezelwa kwiiyure ezintathu okanye ezine, umonakalo omkhulu womsiphazo ungasigwenywa. Kodwa ukuba unyango lulibaziseka ngaphaya kweeyure ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu, inani lemisipha yomzimba elingasindiswa lihla kakhulu. Emva kweeyure eziyi-12, umonakalo uvame ukungafihli.
Ukuba Ucinga Ukuba Unokuba Uhlaselo Lweentliziyo
Ukufumana unyango olukhawulezileyo kwaye olufanelekileyo ludinga ukuba izinto ezimbini zenzeke. Okokuqala , kufuna ukuba ukwazi iimpawu zesifo senhliziyo, kwaye ufuna uncedo lonyango ngexesha ocinga ukuba unalo. Nangona intlungu yesifuba ingumqondiso "weklasiki" wokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, ezinye iintlobo zeempawu zenzeke ngaphezu kwe (okanye endaweni ye) esifubeni. Ezi zingabandakanya ukungacatshangelwa kwentswelo enkulu, ukwesaba okukhulu, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukungathandeki komhlathi, intamo, amahlombe, okanye iingalo, okanye iimpawu ezinjengentliziyo. Nabani na onomngcipheko weengxaki ze-coronary disease kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ngokukodwa kwezi zibonakaliso.
Nazi ezinye iindlela zokujonga iimpawu zesifo senhliziyo .
Ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho nayiphi na amathuba okuba unesifo senhliziyo, kufuneka ufumane uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Amaminithi angenza umehluko phakathi kwempilo ende, okanye ukukhubazeka kwexesha elide okanye ukufa.
Okwesibini , ukufumana unonophelo olukhawulezayo olufunayo kufuna ukuba abasebenzi bezonyango abakhathalelayo benze izinto ezifanelekileyo, kwaye benze ngokukhawuleza. Khumbula: yonke iminithi ibalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuba oogqirha bokuqala obabonayo uyazibuza ukuba unokuhlasela kwentliziyo, kwaye ukuba bathabatha ingxaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa abasebenzi bezonyango bexakeke kule ngxubusho baya kuthatha isinyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba benze ukuxilongwa, kwaye ukuba isifo senhliziyo siqhubeka ngokwenene, ukulawula unyango. Funda malunga nokunyango okukhawuleza ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo .
Ukutsho nje ngamazwi, "Ndingaba nokuhlaselwa kwintliziyo," uya kuyenza inkohliso. Abantu abaninzi abanesifo senhliziyo baza kuzama ukunciphisa iimpawu zabo xa bebona ugqirha, besithi into efana nale nto, "Mhlawumbi nje ukukhwabanisa." Musa ukwenza oko, kuba imizuzu ibandakanya. Fumana ugqirha waqalisa indlela yokujonga ukuhlasela kwentliziyo kwangoko. Ukuba kuvela ukuba kube yintliziyo , baya kuzibona ngokukhawuleza.
Ngabantu abathwala iimpawu zabo ngokungathandekiyo, kwaye benze ngokukhawuleza, abanethuba elihle lokusasazeka kwintliziyo ephilileyo.
> Imithombo:
> O'Gara PT, uKushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. I-ACCF / I-AHA Isikhokelo soLawulo lwe-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction: Ingxelo ye-American College of Cardiology Foundation / i-American Heart Association Task Force kwiZikhokelo zokuSebenza. Uhambo luka-2013; 127: e362.