I-Iskemia yimeko apho kungekho ukuhamba kwegazi okwaneleyo kwelinye lamalungu omzimba, esoloko ibangelwa yi- atherosclerotic plaque kwi-artery ehambisa elo lungu. Iqumrhu elithotyelwa kwi-ischemia libhekiswa njengento ye- ischemic .
Ngenxa yokuba ilungu elingenayo i-ischemic alitholanga yonke i-oksijini kunye nezondlo eziyidingayo, i-ischemia ibangela ukuba iqumrhu elichaphazelekayo lisebenze kakubi, kwaye kaninzi livelise iimpawu.
Ukuba i-ischemia iya kuba yomelele ngokwaneleyo okanye iphikelela ngokwaneleyo, iiseli zecandelo elichaphazelekayo zingaqala ukufa. Ukufa kwazo zonke okanye inxalenye yecandelo le-ischemic libizwa ngokuba yi- infarction .
Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ye-ischemia ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
ICaracac Ischemia
I-cardiac ischemia ibangelwa yi-atherosclerotic plaques kwimibhobho ye-coronary , iirriji ezinika intliziyo yesisu. Nangona kunjalo, i-carchemac ischemia ingakhokelela nakwezinye iimeko ezifana ne- coronary artery spasm , i- cardiac syndrome X , okanye i- anomalies ye-coronary .
"I-angina" engumqondiso wesifuba (okanye umzimba ophezulu) obangelwa ngumzimba we-heartchemical iscipia umonakalo ngumzimba okanye uxinzelelo. Iimpawu zihlala zihlala kunye nokuphumula.
"I-aytypical" angina, okanye i- angina engaqinisekanga , ngokuqhelekileyo ivela ngaphandle kokuxhatshazwa okanye ukuxinezeleka kwaye kaninzi ibonakala kwimeko ye -coronary syndrome .
Brain Ischemia
Iibuncu zeBrain zixakeke kakhulu, kwaye ukuze usebenze kakuhle, ingqondo ifumana i-20% yegazi iphethwe yintliziyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokungafani nezinye izitho zengqondo azikho izitoreli zamandla, kwaye zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekuqhubeni kwegazi ukuqhuba umsebenzi walo. Ngenxa yoko, izicubu zengqondo ziba yintsholongwane xa ukuphuma kwegazi kuphazamiseka, kwaye ngaphandle kokuba ukuphuma kwegazi kuvuselelwa ngokutsha ngokutsha kwengqondo ngokukhawuleza.
Ukufa kweengcambu zengqondo kuthiwa yi- stroke .
Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhamba kwegazi kwinqanaba leengqondo liphazamise ixesha elide ukwenzela ukuvelisa iimpawu zeengqondo zengqondo, kodwa kungekude ukuba zivelise isifo esithile. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba "ukuhlaselwa kwesiqhelo se-ischemic" (TIA) . I-TIA inokuphinda iphinde iindidi ezininzi zeempawu zesifo - ngaphandle kokuba iimpawu zixazulula kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ii-TIA zibalulekile kungekhona nje ngokuba ziyabangalisa ngokwabo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zivame ukulandelwa ngesifo esipheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ii-TIAs zihlala zifuna ukunikwa ngonyango.
Intestinal Ischemia
Intestinal ischemia (ebizwa nangokuthi i-mesenteric ischemia) ivela ngesifo kwimithambo yegazi ehlinzeka ngamalungu emathumbu emathumbu.
I-intestinal ischemia engapheliyo, edlalwa yi- atherosclerosis yamathambo emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu emathumbu. Iintestinal ischemia ibangela ukuba ubuhlungu besisu (okubhekiselwe njenge-intestinal angina) emva kokutya, ngokukodwa ukutya okunamafutha. I-angest intestinal yintlungu ephazamisayo kunye neyobuhlungu ecaleni komgudu wesisu, nangona iyakwazi ukukhawuleza emva.
I-angina yamathumbu isoloko ihlala ijikeleze malunga neeyure ezimbini, kodwa ibuyela emva kwesinye isidlo.
I-intestinal ischemia eqhelekileyo ingenzeka xa i- embolism (i-clot yegazi) ifaka kwiimitha ze-intestinal. Lawa maqhekeza egazi ngokuqhelekileyo avela entliziyweni, ngenxa ye-fibrillation ye-atrial. Ukuba ukumbumba kunzima kakhulu, isifo se-intestinal (ukufa kwesahlulo somathumbu) sinokuphumela. I-infestation ye-intestinal yinkxwaleko yonyango.
Limb Ischemia
I-Iskemia yemilenze ingenzeka nge- peripheral disease disease (PAD), uhlobo lwe-atherosclerosis elichaphazela imiraro ehambisa iingalo okanye imilenze (ininzi imilenze).
I-syndrome eqhelekileyo ibonwe ngesigxina se-ischemia isicatshulwa esiphakathi , uhlobo lweentlungu ezithintekayo, ngokuqhelekileyo zichaphazela umlenze owodwa, okwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kwesilinganiso esicwangcisiweyo sokuhamba. I-PAD isoloko iphathwa nge- angioplasty kunye ne- stenting , nangona ukuhlinzwa ngokugqithisileyo kuyafuneka kwakhona.
Imithombo
Wilson DB, Mostafavi K, Craven TE, et al. Inkqubo yeklinikhi ye-stentosis yamanteteric stenosis kubantu asebekhulile baseMerika. I-Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 2095.
Rooke TW, Hirsch AT, Misra S, et al. Ukulawulwa kwezigulane ezinezifo zesifo somnatha (ukuhlanganiswa ko-2005 kunye no-2011 I-ACCF / AHA Guidelines Recommendations): ingxelo ye-American College of Cardiology Foundation / i-American Heart Association Task Force kwi-Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 1555.
I-Easton JD, i-Saver JL, i-Albers GW, ne-al. Inkcazo kunye nokuvavanywa kokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic engapheliyo: isitatimenti senzululwazi kubaqeqeshi bezempilo kwi-American Heart Association / i-American Stroke Association Stroke Council; IBhunga kwiNtsholongwane yeeAIDS kunye neAnesthesia; IBhunga kwi-Radiology ne-Intervention; IBhunga kwiNyango yeeNhliziyo; kunye neBhunga eliPhakathi kwamanye amazwe kwi-Peripheral Vascular Disease. I-American Academy ye-Neurology iyakuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwesi sitatimende njengesixhobo semfundo sabasebenzi bama-neurologists. Stroke 2009; 40: 2276.
Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. Isikhokelo se-ACCF / AHA / ACP / AATS / PCNA / SCAI / STS yokuxilongwa kunye nokulawulwa kwezigulane ezinezifo zesifo senhliziyo esisisigxina: ingxelo ye-American College of Cardiology Foundation / i-American Heart Association iqela elikukhokelo, kunye ne-American Ikholeji yamaGqirha, i-American Association ye-Thoracic Surgery, i-Preventive Cardiovascular Association Association, uMbutho we-Cardiovascular Angiography kunye neNongenelelo, kunye noMbutho weeNgcali zeTriracic. Ukuhamba ngo-2012; 126: e354.