Ukwahlukana kunye neZibonelelo zeBaselula abadala abane-Lung Cancer
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ngomhlaza wamaphaphu njengesifo kubantu abadala, kodwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu usenzeka kubantu abatsha. Uluntu lukhunjuzwe oku xa uDana Reeve , owaziwa ngokuba ngumfazi "Superman" kwaye engazange afune ukutshaya, wafa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu eneminyaka engama-44.
Ukukhathazeka kukuba umdlavuza wemiphunga kubantu abancinci kubonakala ngathi uyanda. Ingaba umdlavuza womdlavuza kumntu omncinane, njani uhluke nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu asebekhulile, kwaye zeziphi ezinye izixhobo ezinokufumaneka ukuba ungumntwana omdlalwa ngumhlaza wamaphaphu?
Ukuchaza umdlavuza we-Lung kwi-Young People
Akukho zikhokelo ezicacileyo ezichaza "intsha" xa kuziwa ngumhlaza wamaphaphu. Izifundo ezininzi kunye namanqaku athetha ngengomdla wamaphaphu eyenzeka ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 okanye i-45 okanye i-50 njengelutsha. Abanye abantu baya kuchaza "abancinci" njengokuba bafunyanwe nomhlaza wemiphunga ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-60. Okwangoku, iminyaka yobudala ekuxilongwa ngayo i-72.
Ziyayimfuneko Kangakanani umdlavuza weLung kuBaselula?
Ekuqalekeni, umhlaza wamaphaphu kubantu abancinci ungabonakala ungavamile. Kodwa ekuqwalaseleni ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga yiyona nto ibangela umdla wokufa komhlaza kumadoda nabasetyhini eUnited States, nokuba ipesenti enye inokuguqulela abantu abaninzi abanesifo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abayi-222,500 baya kufumana umhlaza womphunga ngo-2017 kwaye abayi-155,870 baya kufa. Kula bantu, i-1.2 ukuya kwi-6.2 yeepesenti ingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40, kwaye i-13.4 pesenti ingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50. Ukubalwa ngokukhawuleza kubonisa ukuba abantu abangaphantsi kwama-30 000 abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-50 baya kufumana umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-2017 kunye no-21,000 Abantu abadala baya kufa ngenxa yesifo.
Ukubeka oku ngolu hlobo, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangama-40 000 baya kufa ngenxa yomhlaza wesibeleko ngo-2017 kwaye malunga nama-20 ekhulwini la mabhinqa angaphantsi kweminyaka engama-54. Okunye ukubala okukhawulezayo kukuqikelela ukuba ama-8300 angaphantsi kweminyaka engama-54 aya kufa ngenxa yomhlaza wesibele. Kubonakala ukuba abantu abaninzi baya kumangaliswa ngala manani.
I-Cancer ye-Lung e-Young People ihluke njani?
Xa kuziwa kubantu ngabanye abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kukho ukuhlukahluka kohlobo lwesifo somhlaza, iimpawu zomhlaza, kunye nezinto ezinjengezibonelelo zobuncwane. Kodwa kubalwa, kukho iindlela ezithile umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abancinci ngokungafaniyo nomhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abadala. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Isigaba kwi-Diagnosis: Abantu abancinci banomdla wokuphuza umhlaza wamaphaphu ngexesha loxilongo kunezigulane ezisebekhulile; inani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezincinci zifunyaniswe nesiganeko sesine . Oku kunengqondo ngezinye iindlela. Umdlavuza womlenze-ikakhulukazi kumancinci, onempilo, ongabikhoyo-abavumiyo-akaqhelekanga phezulu kwideskrini ye-radar yesigqirha, kwaye oku kunokubangela ukulibaziseka ukuxilongwa. Abo ba selula banokuqala ukufumana ingxaki yokuba ne-asthma, i-bronchitis , okanye i-allergies ngaphambi kokuba i-diagnostic igqitywe. Abantu abaninzi abancinci baye bafumana i-x-rays esifubeni abangaphumeleli ukubonisa umhlaza, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba nabani nawuphi na umdala ukwazi ukuba i- chest x-rays ingaphuthelwa ukuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga .
- I-Genetic Predisposition: Abantu abafunyaniswa nomhlaza wemiphunga ngexesha lomncinci banokuthi banamanye amalungu entsapho abaye bafumana isifo. Kungenzeka ukuba inzala ibambe iqhaza elikhulu kumdlavuza wamaphaphu okhula kwizigulane ezincinci kunezigulane ezidlulileyo, kwaye abaphandi baqala ukufumanisa ezinye zezilwanyana ezingabangela abantu abatsha ekuphuhliseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Isimo sokutshaya: Abantu abaselula abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banakho ukuba bangabhemi kunabantu abaphucula umdlavuza wamaphaphu kamva.
- Uhlobo lwe-Cancer le-Lung: Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abancinci yi- lung adenocarcinoma , uhlobo lomhlaza wesifo samangqamu omncinci, olungama-80 ekhulwini lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abadala. Phakathi kwabantu abadala abadala i-adenocarcinoma ifunyenwe ingaphantsi kwe-50 ekhulwini yexesha.
- Iprofayili ye-molecular: Bonke abantu abaselula abanomdlavuza wemiphunga kufuneka babe novavanyo lwemizimba Abantu abadala abasemdlavuza womphunga banokuthi banokuguquguquka kwe-EGFR , ukuguqulwa komzimba kwisifo esiza kuvela emva kokuzalwa kunye neenkolelo zeprotheni "eqhuba" ukukhula nokusabalaliswa komhlaza. Izifundo ezimbalwa zifumene ukuba utshintsho lwabantu lubekho kuma-50 ekhulwini kubantu abadala xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezili-10 zabantu abadala abangengabantu base-Asia. (Abantu besizwe sase-Asiya banesigqibo esiphezulu seenguqulelo ze-EGFR.) Ngombulelo iimbalwa ezimbalwa ezijoliswe kwiipilisi zikhoyo ngoku zijongene nale ntshintsho kwaye zingakhokelela ekuqhubekekeni okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kubantu abaninzi abanokuguquka. Kukho nezinye izigulo zentsholongwane ezibonakala ziqhelekileyo kubantu abancinci. Uvavanyo luka-2015 lwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-30 okanye ngaphantsi komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwafumanisa ukuba utshintsho lwe-EGFR, kunye nezinye iinguqu eziqhelekileyo ezigugule, zanda kakhulu kunabantu asebekhulile abanesifo.
- Izinga lokusinda: Izifundo ziyahlukahluka, ezinye zibonisa ukuphila okungcono kunye nezinye iindleko zokusinda ezihluphekayo kunezigulane ezindala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona sele ufumanisa uvavanyo kwisithuba esilandelayo, izigulane ezincinci zibonakala zingcono kunezigulane ezidlulileyo kwizifundo zakutshanje.
- Inkxaso: Abaselula abasecaleni, njengokuba nabani na oneminyaka yobudala bahlala bexhatshazwa ngumdlavuza womhlaza . Ukuba umntu omdala omdala ufumaneka, uthi, i-leukemia okanye umdlavuza webele, cinga ngamazwi okuqala umntu angayenza. Kunoko, ngoku qwalasela amagama okuqala abantu abaselula abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu badla beva xa behlangana kunye nabahlobo kunye nabo baqhelana nabo: "Ude umsi?" Okanye, "Andizange ndiyazi ukuba utshaya!" Akukuphela nje oku okubuhlungu kwintliziyo kubantu abaselula abanokuziva becala ukuba baxilongwa kuqala, kodwa bahlala "batyholwa" ngesifo sabo nokuba ngaba babeshushu. Umdlavuza omncinci omdlavuza wamaphaphu wayesebuya kakuhle xa ebuzwa lo mbuzo emva kokudibana nomntu omtsha. Wathi, "Ndiza kufuneka ndiqale ukutshaya kwisibeleko."
Izixhobo zabaselula abadala abaneengculaza
Izibonelelo zifumaneke kubantu abadala abasemdlavuza wemiphunga, kunye nabaselula nabanomnye umhlaza. Abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bakhetha amaqela okuxhasa asekuhlaleni nakwi-intanethi abandakanya abantu kuphela abanomdlavuza wemiphunga. Isizathu sinokulula. Ukuba uhlangabezana nomdlavuza wesifo somhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesifo somhlaza nomhlaza wesifo somdlavuza, kunokuba kunzima ukufumanisa umdlalo wesifazane onomhlaza wesibeleko oseneminyaka engama-90, kwaye ngubani ochaphazelekayo ngokumlondoloza ukuzala.
Ukongezelela kumaqela enkxaso kunye namagumbi okuxoxa, abanye abasinda kumdlavuza womhlaza wamaphaphu baye bathatha ixesha lokubloga malunga nohambo lwabo-uhambo olunokukunceda uzive ungcini xa uqala uhambo lwakho. Hlola ezi bhulogi, ezininzi zazo ezibhalwa ngabasinda abaselula abaneentsapho ezincinci.
Isiseko somhlaza wesifo se-Bonnie J. Addario sigxininisa ngokucacileyo ukungafani kwimiba yee molecular yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abadala kunye neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zabaphuli bamaphaphu. Ukuba uneminyaka engama-50 ubudala okanye umncinci ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelane neSiseko.
Abantu abaninzi abaselula abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu baye baxhamla kakhulu kwiimidiya zentlalo kunye nomphakathi wesiqhumane se-intanethi. Njalo ngolunye uLwesibili kusihlwa kukho ingxoxo ye-tweet equka abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu, abameli, amalungu omndeni, i-oncologists, i-radiation oncologists, oogqirha be-thoracic, abaphandi kunye nokunye. Leli thuba elimangalisayo lokuthetha ngokuthe ngqo kunye neengcali ezikhokelela ekuphenyweni koomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukufumana uluntu, sebenzisa i-hashtag ye-#LCSM emele imidiya yomdlavuza woluntu.
Kwaye kubantu abadala abaselula abaneendlela zonke zomhlaza:
- Iintsholongwane Zentliziyo: I-Voice of Young Adult Cancer ngumntu odibeneyo kwi-inthanethi kunye nomntu ukuze anike amandla abantu abadala abanomdlavuza. Kukho kwakhona umboniso womsakazo weNtsholongwane kunye nethuba lokudibana ubuso nobuso nabanye abantu abaselula abanomdlavuza weenxa zonke kwilizwe kwiintlanganiso kunye neengingqi zokuhlangana.
Inkxaso efanelekileyo kubantu abadala abaswele umhlaza:
- I-Ulman Cancer Fund yabaselula abakhulayo: Le ntlangano, ngaphezu kwezinye iifom zenkxaso, inika inkqubo yokuhamba ngeehishini enye yokukhulula ekuncedeni ukujongana nemiba emininzi imithi yesifo somdlavuza enokuhlangabezana nayo, ukukunceda ukuba akukho ubhekane nomhlaza wodwa. Ezinye izihloko zingabandakanya ukukhathazeka kokuzala, indlela yokubuyela emsebenzini okanye esikolweni emva kwonyango, ukufundiswa kweekholeji, uncedo lwezezimali, kunye nokukhathazeka kwempilo kunye nokuphila.
- I-CancerInokuthi: I-CancerCare inikeza iinkonzo zenkxaso ezifana neengcebiso ezikhululekile, amaqela enkxaso (bobabini kumntu kunye nesekhompyutheni,) uncedo lwezemali, kunye neendibano zemfundo ezifikeleleka kwifowuni okanye kwikhompyutha kubantu abaphila nomhlaza kunye neentsapho zabo.
Ngaphantsi kwe-Cancer ye-Lung kwi-Young Adults
Umdlavuza womlenze kubantu abadala abaselula, ngeendlela ezininzi, isifo esithile. Abantu abaselula banokungabikho botshitshi, baye baguqula izigulo zentsholongwane, kwaye bafumaneke kwizigaba ezilandelayo zesifo emva kokuba bangakhange bafumane kakubi ixesha elithile.
Kuze kube nje kutshanje, abo babeselula banesi sifo bazizwa bekhulile kwaye baphathwa ngendlela efanayo nomntu osekhulile onesifo eso. Ngombulelo, imibutho efana neBonnie J. Addario Lung Cancer Foundation incedisa ukuxhasa abantu abatsha abanesi sifo kunye nenkxaso yeengxowa-mali ezijolise ekuqondeni kangcono ukuhlukehluka okwehlukile kwesi sifo kubantu abadala.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Izibalo ezibalulekileyo zeLung Cancer. Ukuhlaziywa 01/05/17. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-small-cell-lung-cancer/about/key-statistics.html
> Hsu, C., Chen, K., Shih, J. et al. Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesifo samathambo esingekho esincinci kwizigulane ezineminyaka engama-45 okanye ubuncinci: iziphumo kunye neziganeko zokuxela. BMC Cancer . 2012. 12: 241.
> INational Cancer Institute. Ukuqwalaselwa, i-Epidemiology kunye neNkqubo yokuPhela kweeNkqubo. I-SEER Stat Fact Sheets: I-Lung neBronchus Cancer. http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html
> INational Cancer Institute. Ukuqwalaselwa, i-Epidemiology kunye neNkqubo yokuPhela kweeNkqubo. I-SEER Stat Fact Sheets: I-Cancer Breast. http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html
> Yang, L. et al. Uhlobo oluthile lomfuzo (97906C> A) lwe-DAB2IP / AIP1 ludibene nomngcipheko okhulayo kunye nokuqala kokuqala komhlaza wemiphunga kumadoda aseShayina. PLoS One . 2011. 6 (10): e26944.
> Zhang, J. et al. Uhlalutyo oluninzi lwamagciwane omhlaza wamaphaphu angaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45 eShanghai. Cancer . 2010. 116 (15): 3656-62.