Izizathu zeCOPD ezikhusela
Ngaba uyazi ukuba kukho ezine ezinezinto eziqhelekileyo zeCOPD ezikhuselwe ngokupheleleyo? Isifo esingapheliyo sokukhupha i-pulmonary disease, okanye i-COPD, ibhekisela kwisigaba esibanzi seengxaki eziquka i-bronchitis engapheliyo, i-emphysema kunye ne-bronchiectasis. Isimo esingenakuguquka, iimpawu eziphawulekayo zeCOPD zibandakanya ukuphefumula ukuphefumula nangaluphi na uhlobo lokuzikhandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi okungena okanye ukuphuma emiphakeni.
I-COPD iyisiqhelo; iyakwenza inkqubela ephuculayo, eqhubekayo edla ngokuba yimpawu ngexesha lomdala omdala kunye nokwandisa ubunzima obudala. Emva kokuba uthathwa njengesifo "somntu", ukususela ngo-2000, abafazi abaninzi baye bafa kwiCOPD ngamnye ngonyaka kunamadoda.
Nangona kukho isifo esicacileyo kwisifo, iCOPD ikholelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukutshaya ugwayi. Izinto ezinobungozi ezongezelelweyo ezibangela ukuphuhlisa umsi womsila, ukucoceka komoya kunye nokuhlaselwa komsebenzi.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngelixa singenako ukutshintsha imbali yethu yentsapho, sinalo ulawulo lokusingqongileyo. Ezi zilapha zingezantsi zizathu ezine zeCOPD ezinokuthintela ngokutshintshwa kwendlela yokuphila eya kuthi ekugqibeleni inciphise amathuba okuphuhlisa eso sifo.
Ukubhema
Into ebalulekileyo yengozi yokuphuhlisa i-COPD kukuba ukubhema ugwayi. I-American Lung Association iqikelela ukuba i-80% ukuya kwi-90% yalabo bafumanekayo bayabhema.
Isixa somntu umntu otshaya kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide ukubhema kunokunyusa amathuba okuphuhlisa eso sifo nokuqinisa ubunzima bawo. Izinto ezinobungozi azikho nje kuphela kulabo abavutha ugwayi oqhelekileyo, kodwa kunye nombhobho kunye ne-smoking cigar.
Ukunciphisa amathuba okufumana iCOPD, kufuneka uyeke ukutshaya .
Zininzi iinkqubo ezikhoyo namhlanje ezinokunceda abantu ngokutshaya ukuyeka, kunye nokuyeka ukuyeka ukutshaya okunokukunceda ukunqanda izifiso. Jonga ugqirha wakho ngolwazi olungakumbi.
Umsizi wesibini
Umsi wesibini uhlala ungumngcipheko omkhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ezininzi, kubandakanywa neCOPD. Ngokombutho we-American Lung Association, umsi wesibambiso sibangela ukuba abantu abangama-50 000 bafa ngonyaka, ngokuyinhloko kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye nesifo senhliziyo. Iingcali eziPhezulu ziphetha ukuba akukho namanqanaba okungabikho mngcipheko wokungabikho kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuba ubhema, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ingozi ehambelana nomsi wesibini. Kubonakalisa kakhulu abantwana. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza kumntu omthandayo kukuba ungayi kukhanya phambi kwabo. Ngokuthatha uxanduva lokuziphatha kwakho, unokukunceda ukugcina ubomi.
Ukumoshwa komoya
Uphando luyaqhubeka lubonisa ukukhonkco okucacileyo phakathi komgangatho ophuculweyo womoya kunye neCOPD. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yobungakanani bomoya, kubaninzi bethu, kuyinto eyenzeka imihla ngemihla, akuzange kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuba siqaphele indawo esiyindawo kunye nendlela esiyidlala ngayo indima kwinxaxheba yokungcola komoya.
I-American Lung Association isebenzise uphando olutsha kwimizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ikhona ukukhusela impilo yoluntu yabemi kulo lonke.
Nangona ukuqaphela oku kuye kwaholela ekuphuculeni jikelele kumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu kwiminyaka engama-5 edlulileyo, ukwanda kwenani lezithuthi kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwabangela ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo kwintshona emoyeni, njenge-ozone kunye ne-air-particulate air ngco liseko. Izifundo ezininzi zeengxaki ze-epidemiological ngoku zibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi zinto ezingcolisayo zomoya kunye nokunyuka kwezifo zomoya ezinjenge-COPD. Ngale nto engqondweni, ukuhlolwa komngcipheko ophuculweyo kulabo abanokugula kwisifo somoya ohamba phambili kubalulekile kubaqeshwa bezempilo kunye nakwizendalo zendalo. Ukongezelela, ukuhamba ngokuluhlaza kukukhetha kwabo bafuna ukufaka isandla kwimpilo enempilo.
UkuPhuma kweMisebenzi
Ngokutsho kwe-CHEST, (2002) "ukutyhila kwendawo yokusebenza ngothuli lwamashanga, umsila wekotoni, i-silika kunye nothuli lwengqolowa ziyaziwa izizathu zeCOPD". Ukongezelela, baxela ukuba, "ukutyhila kwi-isocyanates, i-latex yerabhi yendalo, i-dander yezilwanyana, i-platinum isaliti kunye nezinye iindiza zengqesho ziye zaboniswa ukuba ziqalise okanye ziphucule i-asthma". Njengoko iindleko zezoqoqosho zentsebenzo yonyaka ziqhubela kwiibhiliyoni, kugxininiswa ngakumbi kufuneke ukuba kufakwe indawo yokuhlala kwindawo ephephile yabasebenzi. Imithetho engqongqo ibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini ukuba aphile.
Ukhuseleko lomsebenzi luqala ngomqeshi. Abasebenzi abasebenza ezindaweni ezibeka ingozi kufuneka banikezwe izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ezikhuselekileyo ezifana neemaski, iiglavu, iifowuni okanye izigubungela zomzimba. Amashishini ahluleka ukubonelela ngeendlela zokukhusela kufuneka zichazwe. Yimfanelo yomqeshwa ngamnye ukuba abe ngummeli wakhe wezempilo kunye nokukhusela.
Ngaphantsi
I-American Lung Association ibika ukuba ngo-2011, i-12.7 yezigidi zaseMerika zalinganiselwa ukuba zineCOPD. Kuze kube yimini, liye lagqithisa ukuxabana ukuba libe yimbangela yesithathu yokufa kweli lizwe. Izibalo ezifana nalezi zenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa izinto ezinobungozi ezichaphazelekayo kunye neCOPD kwaye zifune unyango lokuqala ukuba kukho iimpawu. Ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abantu abafumaneki ukuba bafikelele ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-50, ukuhla kwezempilo kuya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngeli xesha. Ukubona izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuguquka kwindlela yokuphila yindlela efanelekileyo yokugcina impilo efanelekileyo kwaye inokuthintela esi sifo esibulalayo, esisongela ubomi.
Imithombo:
I-American Lung Association. Iphepha leNkcazelo yeCOPD. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-2013.
I-American Lung Association. I-Secondhand Smoke Fact Sheet. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-2013.
Leigh, Paul J., Ph.D., uRomano, uPatrick S. MD, MPH, Schenker, uMarc B, MD, MPH noKreiss, Kathleen, MD. "Iindleko zeCOPD kunye ne-Asthma". UKUPHILA 2002 121: 264-272.
USmeltzer, uSuzanne C. & Bare, uBrenda, G. (1996). I-Brunnuer ne-Suddarth's Testbook ye-Medical-Surgical Nursing (i-8th Edition). Pennsylvania, PA: Lipponcott-Raven Publishers.