Xa abaninzi becinga ngesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD), bacinga nje njengesifo somntu. Kodwa, njengoko ukuxhaphaka kweCOPD kubafazi besanda, kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa ukungafani kwesini kwiCOPD. Nantsi oku kufuneka ukwazi malunga nendlela i-COPD ithinta ngayo abafazi ngokwahlukileyo kunamadoda.
Namhlanje, abaninzi abafazi kunamadoda bafa kwiCOPD
Ingcamango yokuba i-COPD isifo esiyintloko abantu abasenokukhathazeka ngabo ekuqaleni babesixhaswa ngamanani e-1959 xa inani lamadoda lithelekiswa nabasetyhini abafa ngesifo kwabahlanu ukuya kwesinye.
Nangona kunjalo, inani labasetyhini abafa kwiCOPD phakathi ko-1968 no-1999 banda ngamaphesenti angu-382, ngelixa besilisa, kwakukho ukwanda kweepesenti ezingama-27 kuphela. Unyaka ka-2000 wabonakalisa unyaka wokuqala ukuba abafazi abaninzi kunabesilisa bafa kwiCOPD, kwaye loo nto iqhubekile.
Iimpawu ezicacileyo kubafazi
Izimpawu eziphawulekayo zeCOPD ziquka i- dyspnea, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo , kunye nokuveliswa kwe- sputum . Iingcali zifumanise ukuba imiphumo yeCOPD yabasetyhini inokulimaza kakhulu kunokuba isemadoda. Abasetyhini banako ukufumana ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukuphefumula kancinci
- Ukuxhalabisa nokudandatheka
- Umgangatho ophantsi wobomi
- Ukwandisa ukuhamba ngokungahambisani nomoya
- Umsebenzi ombi kakhulu
Ukongezelela koko, abafazi banamaqhinga amaninzi kunokuba besenza abantu kwaye basengozini enkulu yokungondleki .
I-Bias Bias kwiCOPD Ukuxilongwa
Uphando lubonisa ukuba oogqirha banokuthi banikezele ukuxilongwa kweCOPD kwisigulane sabantu kunokuba ibhinqa, nokuba ngaba izigulane zinempawu ezifanayo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokubakho ubulili besini xa kuziwa ekufumaneni i-COPD. Ngaphezu koko, abasetyhini banako ukuba bancinci ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry okanye bahanjiswe kwingcali.
Xa oogqirha befumana iziphumo ezingavamile ze-spirometry, nangona kunjalo, ukuxhatshazwa kwelobulili kubonakala sengathi kuphelile. Yiyo yoko ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry kubaluleke kakhulu kubini nababhinqa abafunyanwa besengozini yeCOPD.
Abasetyhini banokuthi banokunyamekela kwimiphumo emibi yecuba
Kukho ubungqina obukhulayo bokuthi abasetyhini banakho amathuba okunciphisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu kumanqanaba afanelekileyo okubhema kunokuba amadoda. Oku kungenxa yokuba imiphunga yamabhinqa ibincinane, ngoko imiphunga ingabonakaliswa kwintsimi engumsi wocuba, nangona bafazi bebhema inani elifanayo le-cigarettes njengamadoda.
Ezinye iinkcazo ezinokubakho kwabasetyhini abachaphazelekayo kwimiphumo emibi yocuba yomsila ziquka:
- Ukunikwa kwengxelo yokusetyenziswa kwecuba kwimiba engaphantsi
- I-genetic predisposition for the damage to the lungs from the smoking
- Amanqanaba okutshatyalaliswa komsi wobisi
- Ukwahlukana kwimikhiqizo ye-cigarette
- Imiphumo yeHormon ekuphuhliseni imiphunga kunye nobukhulu be-airways
- Ukwahlukana kwindlela abafazi abajonganisa ngayo umsi wecuba
"Kodwa Andizange Ndiyitshise!"
Phantse iipesenti ezili-15 zabantu bonke abafumene iCOPD abazange bavume . Ngokucacileyo, kweli qela, malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 ngabafazi, bacetyisa ukuba abasetyhini bangasengozini kakhulu kwiimeko ezinobungozi ezidibene neCOPD ezingahambelani nokutshaya.
Ukuyeka ukuSalela: Injongo yokuPhathwa kweNtloko
Ukuyeka ukubhema kuseyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ingenelelo enokungena-mali kunobani na abane-COPD, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isini.
Kunenzuzo ngakumbi kubafazi.
Uvavanyo lwe-spirometry lusetyenzisa into ebizwa ngokuthi yi- FEV1 (umqulu ophefumlelweyo ophefumlelweyo kwisibini enye). Ngokuqinisekileyo umlinganiselo womoya okwazi ukuwukhupha emiphakeni ngokukhawuleza kwisibini. Abasetyhini abaneCOPD abayeka ukutshaya bavame ukubonisa ukwanda kwe-FEV1 kunyaka owodwa amawaka angama-2.5 ngaphezu kophuculo olubonakala kumadoda. Oku kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi wamaphaphu unokuphucula ngaphezulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda kunyaka wokuqala emva kokuyeka ukutshaya. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba amadoda abiza ukuphucula umqondiso omkhulu emva kokuyeka ukutshaya kunokuba besifazane bawenze.
Ngaba Iindlela zokuThatyathwa kwabesetyhini ziyahluka?
Izikhokelo ze-COPD zangoku azikho ukuphakanyiswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zamadoda nabasetyhini, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba lo mkhuba uza kutshintsha njengoko uphando luqhubela phambili. Ukuba unowesifazane ophethe i-COPD, kunjalo, kukho iingxaki ezithile zonyango omele uziqaphele ngazo.
- I- corticosteroids ye- inhaled (i-ICS): Le nto isetyenziswa rhoqo kwi- COPD unyango ukukhusela i-COPD ukukhushulwa kulabo abane-COPD enzima (kunye nabasetyhini banakho amathuba okuba ne-COPD enkulu). Abasetyhini basebenzisa i-ICS kufuneka baqonde ukuba banokunciphisa ukunyamekela kwamathambo kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko we-osteoporosis kunye ne-hip fracture. Ekubeni abasetyhini sele benomngcipheko omkhulu we-osteoporosis kunamadoda, abafazi basebenzisa ii-ICS kufuneka bathethe noogqirha malunga nokuthatha i-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D, kunye ne- bisphosphonates , kunye nokunyamekelwa kwamathambo. Kwakhona, gcinani oku engqondweni: Xa uyeka i-ICS, abafazi banakho ukuphakama kokuphefumula kunamadoda. Ukuba uceba ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-ICS yakho, xela ugqirha wakho kuqala ukuba uxoxe ngokukhetha kwakho.
- I-Dose Dose Inhalers (i-MDIs): Izifundo zibonise ukuba abafazi banako ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwi-MDI kunamadoda. Ukuba ungumfazi osebenzisa i-MDI, qiniseka ukuba uyazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-oksijeni : Olu hlobo lonyango lunconywa kwezinye izigulane ezineqondo eliphantsi le-oxygen. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba abasetyhini abaphathwa ngonyango lwe-oksijeni yexesha elide banamazinga angcono okuphila kunamadoda. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngolwazi olungakumbi.
- Ukutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila: Kwisifundo se-CHEST sika-2005, abasetyhini banokuthi babe nezantsi isiqalo somzimba (BMI) kunamadoda. Impilo yakho yonke, kucetyiswa ukuba ugcine ubunzima bakho kwibala "eliqhelekileyo" eli-18.5 ukuya ku-24.9. Kodwa xa unayo i-COPD kunye ne-BMI yakho ingaphantsi kwama-21, ukufa kwabantu kuyanda, ngoko kubalulekile ukujonga le nombolo kwaye mhlawumbi ukongeza iikhalori ekudleni kwakho xa ufumanisa ukuba i-BMI yakho iyaphantsi kwe-21.
> Imithombo:
> Cote CG, iChapman KR. Ukuxilongwa kunye nenkcazo malunga nabasetyhini abaneCOPD. 2009.
> Han, et al. Ubulili kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo zokuzikhusela izifo: Kutheni kubalulekile. 2007.