Iziganeko eziQinisekisa ukufa nokuPhulwa kweeRhafu
Ukulindela ubomi komntu onesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-pulmary disease ( COPD ) sihloko apho abaninzi abantu abanokukhetha ukuthetha nabo. Kodwa ukuba wena okanye othandekayo uye wafumanisa ukuba unesifo , mhlawumbi uye wachitha ixesha elide ucinga ngalo.
Ukuqonda isiphumo esinokwenzeka (isifo sengqondo) sesifo sinokubangela ukuba abantu benze utshintsho oluninzi oluya kuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokubanceda baphile ixesha elide.
Ekugqibeleni, ixesha elide lokuphila kwabantu abaneCOPD lilo-eliphakathi. Unokudlulela ngaphezu kokulindela ngokuthatha kunye nokujongana nezo zinto onokutshintsha.
Indlela Yokuqaphela Ukulindela Ubomi
Nangona kungekho mithetho enzima kwaye ilawula ixesha elide umntu angaphila ngayo ne-COPD, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi- BODE Index iye yaphuhliswa njengendlela yokuchaza kwangaphambili amaxesha okuphila esekelwe kwimimiselo emine echazwe i-BODE yesivakalisi:
- B yinkcazo yomzimba wakho (BMI).
- O kungenxa yokukhutshwa komfutho womoya njengoko kulinganiswa ngumthamo womoya okhutshwa.
- D kukuxinwa kwe-dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane),
- E kukunyamezela ukusetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lwemizuzu emithandathu.
Ngokusekelwe kwezi zinto, umntu uya kuhlonywa kwisikali se-0 ukuya kwe-10, ngamabanga aphantsi ahambelana namaxesha amaninzi okuphila kunye namabanga aphezulu afana namaxesha athile okuphila. Ngala manani, ugqirha unokukwazi ukuchaza oko kuza kwenzeka kwaye uphumele iindlela zokuphucula kwi-BODE yakho yokubamba.
Isalathisi seBODE siqikelela ukuba unako ukuhlala iminyaka emine ngokubhekiselele kwipesenti ezilandelayo:
- Amaphuzu angama-0 ukuya kuma-2: ama-80 ekhulwini
- Amaphuzu amathathu ukuya kuma-4: iipesenti ezingama-67
- Amaphuzu ama-5 ukuya kuma-6: ama-57 ekhulwini
- Amanqaku asi-7 ukuya kwe-10: iipesenti ezili-18
Ukuphulwa kweBODE Index
Ukuqonda indlela ezi zinto zifaka isandla ekufeni kubantu abano-COPD, jonga nganye kwisimo sokuqhubeka kwesifo:
- I-index ye-mass body (BMI) isixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo silinganisa inani lemfuyo enomzimba ngokumalunga nobude bakho nobukhulu. I-BMI ephantsi (ebuthathaka kakhulu) inxulumene nesiphumo esibi kakhulu kubantu abaneCOPD.
- Ukuvinjelwa kwe-Airway kulinganiswa novavanyo olulula olubizwa ngokuba yi- spirometry . Enye inxalenye yokuvavanya imilinganiselo yomoya onokuyigxotha kwisibini enye (eyaziwa ngokuba ngumqulu wokuphelelwa yintliziyo, okanye i-FEV1 ). I-FEV1 yindlela eqhelekileyo yokusinda kubantu abakwiCOPD. Abo abanomqobo okhuselekileyo womoya okhuseleko lwe-oksijeni yexesha elide banamazinga aphantsi okuphila (malunga nama-70 ekhulwini ukuya kunyaka omnye, ama-50 ekhulwini ukuya kwiminyaka emibini, kunye ne-43 ukuya kweyesithathu ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu).
- Iirhafu zokuvandlakanyo zeDyspnea ukujonga komntu ngeempawu zeCOPD kwaye ziguqulela loo mqondo kwixabiso elilinganiselweyo. I- MMRC i-grade dyspnea ibanga le-disorder kwisikali se-0 ukuya ku-4 (0 ibe yinto encinci yokuphefumula ukuya kwe-4 ibe yinto ephezulu kakhulu). Nangona i-FEV1 ithathwa njengeyona ndlela efanelekileyo yokuxela ukufa kwe-COPD, inqanaba le-dyspnea linokubaluleka ngakumbi xa kuqikelelwe ukusinda.
- Ukuzivocavoca amandla kunokuncitshiswa ngokuphawulekayo phambi kweCOPD. Unokulinganiswa ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lokuhamba ngomzuzu-ezintandathu onokunika uqikelelo lokufa kunye nesiseko esinobomi abantu abangasenza ngayo utshintsho oluthile lokuphila.
Indlela yokuphucula iBakala lakho leBOD
Into ebalulekileyo malunga ne-Index ye-BOD ayikho into yokuba uxela ixesha elide ukuba uphile kodwa ziziphi na amanyathelo onokuzithatha ukufumana indlela yokuphila enempilo. Oyintloko phakathi kwezi zibhema. Akukho nanye into eguqukayo inempembelelo enkulu ngexesha lakho lokusinda kunomkhuba wokukhanyisa.
Ukuba utshaya ngeCOPD, kukho iinjongo ezintathu ofuna ukuzenza:
- Ukuyeka ukutshaya yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu (kunye neyona ebizayo) yokuthintela i-COPD okanye ukunyuka kwesantya. Ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokunciphisa unako ukuma kwaye ulungele kwakhona xa uyeka, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, ubunzima, okanye ngesini.
- Ukuphepha umsi womncedisi uthetha ukuthatha amanyathelo okungaqwalasela kuphela ukutshaya kwakho kodwa abo bajikelezayo. Akukho ndawo ekuhleleni ngokuzithobayo ukuba umoya ophefumlayo unemifudu efanayo ye-carcinogenic.
- Ukujoyina iqela lokuxhasa ukutshaya kwandisa amathuba akho okuyeka kwaye ugcine u-cigaret-free. Ukuhamba yodwa, nangona ukuphela kwemishanguzo, kunzima kunzima njengoko kungaphumeleli ukuphatha iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumlutha.
Olu tshintsho, kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo eziqhutyelwa ngugqirha, linikeza iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho wobomi obuphuculweyo ukuba unayo iCOPD.
> Imithombo:
> Shavelle RM, Paculdo DR, Kush SJ, Mannino DM, DJ Strauss. Ukulindela ubomi kunye neminyaka yobomi esilahlekile kwisifo esingasasigxina se-pulmonary disease: Iziphumo ezivela kwi-NHANES III. I-International Journal ye-Pulmonary Disease . 2009; 4: 137-148.
> Torres JPD, Casanova C, Marín JM, et al. Ukuhlolwa kweprograms yezigulane zeCOPD: IGOLD 2011 ngokuchasene ne-BODE kunye neCOPD ye-comorbidity index COTE. Thorax . 2014; 69 (9): 799-804. I-doi: 10.1136 / thoraxjnl-2014-205770.