Ukuphefumula kunzima njengoko umsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu uncinci
Isifo sokuphela kwesigulo sokuphelisa isifo se-pulmary disease (COPD) sibhekisela ekubeni zigaba zokugqibela zesifo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unokuphefumla okufutshane xa ephumla kwaye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokutheleleka kwemiphunga kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumula. Abantu abaninzi banxulumanisa igama elithi "isigaba sokugqibela" ngokufa okufuphi okanye ukukhubazeka kancinci okukhokelela ekufeni.
Kodwa oku akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Inkcazo
Ngenkcazo, "isigaba sokuphela" sibhekisela "kwisigaba sokugqibela kwimeko yesifo esiqhubekayo." Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba igama lisetyenziswe kwisigulane xa ababoneleli bezempilo beva ukuba benze konke abakwaziyo ukukwenza ngemithi kwisigulane. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho uncedo lwezempilo olunikezela izigulane zabo ezinezifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumula ( COPD ). Kusenokuba uthetha ukuba iinjongo zokunyamekela zitshintshile, ukusuka ekuphatheni isifo ukuze unikezele induduzo.
Ngokwe-Global Initiative ye-Lung Dungase (GOLD), kukho izigaba ezine zeCOPD :
- Isigaba I: Cild COPD. Umsebenzi we-Lung uqala ukuhla kodwa ungayiqaphela.
- Isigaba II: I- COPD ephakathi. Iimpawu zenkqubela phambili, ngokuphefumula okuphuthumayo xa kuqhubeka.
- Isigaba III: I-COPD eninzi. Ukuphefumula kufutshane kwaye i- COPD exacerbations iqhelekile.
- Isigaba IV: I-COPD kakhulu. Umgangatho wobomi unzima kakhulu. Ukukhushulwa kweCOPD kungasongela ubomi.
Icandelo ngalinye lichazwe ngokwemilinganiselo ye- spirometry ye- FEV1 (umthamo womoya ophefumlelweyo kwisibini sokuqala emva kokunyuka kwamanzi). I-COPD isigaba sokugqibela sesigaba se-IV okanye iCOPD kakhulu.
Nangona abanye beli nqanaba begula kakhulu, kukho abanye abangenayo. Yiliphi iqela owela kuyo lijongene nenani lezinto ezichaphazela ukuhlala kwexesha le-COPD kuquka nembali yakho yokutshaya, izinga lakho le-dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane), izinga lomzimba kunye nesimo sezempilo.
Abanye abantu kwisigaba se-IV basakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle ngokunciphisa ambalwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukho abantu abaninzi kule nqanaba abagula kakhulu.
Unyango
Nangona utyalo-ntsho olukhuphayo lunokuba lukhetho (umzekelo, i-bullectomy, ukuphuculwa kwevolumu yokunciphisa ivolumu, okanye ukufakelwa kwemiphunga), kuya kunceda kuphela inani elincinci labaguli beCOPD.
Kwabanye, njengoko ubunzima besifo sabo banda, ingqwalasela yonyango iqala ukuyeka ukunyusa ubomi ukuze inikezele ngononophelo ukukhupha iimpawu zeCOPD .
Ngaloo nto, ukuba ujongene nokuxilongwa kwe-COPD yesigxina, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela izi zonyango zilandelayo:
- Iibhonchodilators: Zona zicetyiswa ukuba i- bronchodilators emfutshane kwaye ibambe ixesha elide ukuba ukuphefumla okufutshane ngexesha lomsebenzi oqhelekileyo akukhululwa yi-bronchodilators emfutshane.
- I-Ophiates: I- Morphine, ngokukodwa, inokuphucula kakhulu ukuphefumula. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthile lubonisa ukuba lunokuba nemiphumo emibi kunye nokuba luncedo kuphela kwinani elikhethiweyo lezigulane.
- Inhaled glucocorticoids: Ezi zinokumiselwa izigulane ezine-FEV1 ngaphantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini wexabiso eliqikelelweyo kunye nembali yexesha eliphindaphindiweyo le- COPD .
- I-oxygen eyongezelelweyo: I- oksijeni inciphisa ukuphefumla kubangelwa ngumsebenzi kwaye kuphuculwe ukunyamezela kokunyamezela kwizigulane ezinezinga eliphantsi le-oxygen.
- I-Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV): Ukungenwa kwamanzi okungenakuvakala kunganciphisa i- carbon dioxide ukugcinwa nokuphucula ukuphefumula kwezinye izigulane, kodwa akukhuthazwa rhoqo.
- Ukulungiswa kwepulmonary: Oku kuye kwabonakaliswa ukufumana izigulane zeCOPD kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo.
- Ukucebisa okunempilo: Oku kungacetyiswa ukuba ukungondleki kwinto eqhelekileyo kwi-COPD yokugqibela kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokufa.
- Ukuxhaswa kwengqondo kunye nentlalo: Le ngongoma ebalulekileyo yonyango kuba ezininzi izigulane azixubushe ngemiba yokuphela kwempilo kunye noogqirha babo.
- Iimvavanyo zokwanelisa: Ukuphucula nokubonakaliswa kwamasu, ukuhlalisa umzimba kunye nomculo wonyango kunye nezixhobo eziphilayo, i-CD, okanye i-rediyo kunokuncedisa iimpawu ezifana nokuphefumula okufutshane.
Imiba yokuphela kweeMpilo
Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ukufa komntu othandekayo kusondela ngenxa yeCOPD, lixesha lokujongana nokulawula iimfuno zabo zokuphela. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokuba nzima kunzima ngenxa yobunzima bokukhubazeka kwesifo se-pulmonary disease.
Ukuncintisana nemiba, uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba naphezu kobudlelwane beCOPD kunye nokukhubazeka okukhulu kunye nokufa kwangaphambi kokufa, izigulane zeCOPD zifumene ukunakekelwa kokungapheli kokuphela komsebenzi. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, wena kunye nosapho lwakho unokufuna ukucinga ngokucela uncedo lwe- hospice ukukukhokela ngeli xesha.
Ulawulo lwempawu ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekupheleni kwenkathalo yobomi kuba iimpawu zeCOPD zihlala zixakeka kwiintsuku zokugqibela-ngokugqithiseleyo, i-dyspnea kunye nokukhwehlela , intlungu, ukuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba, ukudideka, i-anorexia kunye ne- cachexia .
Ngokubanzi, ukuphela kobomi bomntu kunokubakho ixesha lokucamngca ngokujulile kokubili isigulane kunye nosapho. Kungaba yinto yokudabuka okukhulu. Khumbula ukuba imithwalo elula efana nokubamba isandla somthandi wakho kunye nokuba khona kungakhokelela kakhulu.
Ukuthunyelwa kweCOPD yokugqibela
Ukuba isifo asikabikho, kukho ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezininzi zokuphila umntu angabandakanya indlela yokuphila ukuze agcine impilo efanelekileyo .
- Yeka Ukubhema: Ukuyeka ukutshaya kuhlala kukuyona ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu, indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela nokuphatha i-COPD. Ukuba umnqweno wakho ukuziva ulunge ngakumbi, unciphisa ukunyuka kwesifo, kwaye uphile ixesha elide, ngoko kufuneka ushiye i-cigarettes kanye kanye.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ngaphandle kokuyeka ukutshaya, ukuba uya kuguqula indlela yokuphila enye emva kokuxilongwa kwe-COPD eya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ebomini bakho, qwa lasela inkqubo yohambo lwemihla ngemihla.
- Yidla impilo: Isondlo esihle kufuneka sibe sisiseko apho uqala uhambo lwakho emva kokuxilongwa kweCOPD, okanye nokuba ufumaniswe iminyaka kwaye ufuna ukuguqula indlela yokuphila ngokufanelekileyo ukuze uncede uzive ungcono. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yiprogram yokulawulwa kwezifo kwaye inika abo abaneCOPD amandla abalulekileyo abafuna ukuphefumula nokulwa nokusuleleka.
- Hlalani Nengqiqo: Omnye uthe wachaza ukuba ubomi buyi-10 ekhulwini eyenzekayo kuwe kunye neepesenti ezingama-90 okwenzayo ngako. Ukuhlala unesimo esihle phakathi kwesifo esingasigxina sesifo kunzima, kodwa akunakwenzeka. Konke malunga nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha zokuhlangabezana neendlela eziza kuhamba ngayo.
ILizwi
Ukuqonda i-COPD yokugqibela kunye nento ongayenza ukukhusela ukuba ufike apho uqala ngokubheka kanzima ngokwakho kwisibuko uze uzibuze umbuzo othile othi: "Ngaba ndifanele?" Umntu okhangele emva kwakho uya kuthemba ukumomotheka kwaye uphendule, "ewe."
Imithombo:
> U-Ambrosino N, uGherardi M, uCarpenè N. Ukuphela kweSigxina seMpilo yokuPhepha esiPhezulu. Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2009; 77 (2): 173-9.
> Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustà AG, et al. Isicwangciso sehlabathi soBuchule, uLawulo, nokuPhephelwa kwezifo eziPhephayo eziPhezulu. I-American Journal ye-Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 2013; 187 (4): 347-365. i-doi: 10.1164 / rccm.201204-0596pp.