Isifo esingapheliyo sokukhusela isifo se-pulmary disease (COPD) sisifo esingenakuphikisana nesifo somphunga abaphandi abayifumananga nendlela yokunyanga. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo zamachiza kunye nemikhuba yokuphila kunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu- ukuphefumla, ukukhupha, ukukhwehlela, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-mucus, okanye i-phlegm-kunye nokunciphisa ingozi yezinye iimeko ezinxulumene neCOPD, njenge-emphysema kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo.
Ukulawula i-COPD kubalulekile ekukhuseleni ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD , ukuphazamiseka kweempawu apho ukukhwehlela, ukuvuthwa, kunye nokuphefumula kufutshane kakhulu, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-mucus, kunye ne-muscus ingatshintsha umbala ukusuka kwindawo ecacileyo ukuya eluhlaza, eluhlaza, igazi. I-COPD exaceration idlalwa yintsholongwane, inokuhlala iintsuku eziliqela, kwaye iyakwazi ukuhlala khona esibhedlele, ngoko ukuhlala unempilo ngokubanzi kubaluleke kakhulu ekujonganeni neCOPD njengoko uphatha iimpawu.
IziLungiso zaseKhaya kunye neenguqu zokuphila
Unokwenza utshintsho lweendawo zokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuhlala ukuze uncede ngeempawu zakho zeCOPD kwaye ugcine ubunzima kwiindawo ezincinci.
Yeka Ukubhema
Ukutshaya umkhwa we-cigarette ngowona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyithatha ukuze uncede ukulawula i-COPD, kunye nabanye abantu, le nyathelo elinye lifuna konke ukulungiselela ukugcina iimpawu zeCOPD kwaye zikhusele ukuba zibe nzima. Nangona kunjalo, akulula ukuyeka, ingakumbi ukuba utshaya iminyaka.
Ukuba i-turkey ebandayo ayinakukusebenzela, qwalasela ezinye iindlela zokuyeka , njenge-nicotine yonyango yokutshintshwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-gum, i-inhalers, iipilisi, i-patches, okanye i-nasal sprays yokunciphisa izifiso; ukuthatha iilisi ezifana ne-bupropion, i-Chantix (varenicline), okanye i- clonidine , isichengululo sexinzelelo esicinga ukuba luncedo ekuphatheni iimpawu zokuyeka ukukhupha i-nicotine; kunye neengcebiso okanye iqela leyeza.
Ukuzivocavoca rhoqo
Ukuzivocavoca rhoqo kukulungele impilo yakho yonke kunye nokuphila kwengqondo. Inokukunceda ukugcina amandla akho nokunyamezela. Thetha ugqirha wakho malunga naluphi uhlobo lomzimba olulungeleyo kuwe.
Fumana amaKhalori aneleyo
Imithi yeCOPD, ukukhathala, kunye nokuphefumula ubunzima kunokubangela ukuba ube nesondlo esingaphantsi okanye amandla angadliyo, ngoko uthetha ugqirha malunga neendlela onokulwa ngazo nokusilela kwesondlo. Ukungatholi iikhalori ezaneleyo kunokukwenza ukuba iimpawu zakho zeCOPD zibe zibi ngakumbi kwaye zikushiye ngaphezulu kwengozi yezifo, ezenza iimpawu zakho zibe nzima nakakhulu. Ukutya ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukutya okuncinci kunye / okanye ukuthatha iivithamini kunye nezongezelelo zingabakho iindlela zokufumana ukutya okondayo oyifunayo.
Iindlela Zokuphefumula
Ukufunda ukuphefumula iindlela zokukunceda ukuphefumula ngokufanelekileyo kunokukunceda uphumule kwaye unike imiphunga yakho ikhefu. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye umphefumlo wakho wokuphefumula ngolwazi olungakumbi.
Fumana i-Pneumonia Vaccine
I-pneumococcal pneumonia yipilisi yesifo sengqondo esabangelwa ibhetri Streptococcus pneumoniae . Abantu abaneCOPD kunye nezinye iimeko zezempilo ezingapheliyo zisesichengeni sokwandisa i-pneumonia, enokukwenza ukuba iimpawu zeCOPD zibe zibi nakakhulu. Ukufumana isitofu kunokukunceda ukukhusela esi sigulo kodwa khangela kuqala ugqirha wakho.
Fumana Uluhlu Lwemvula
Kukho idatha ekuboniseni ukuba ukutshizwa komkhuhlane kunganciphisi kuphela inani lokubhedlelelwa kwezibhedlele kunye nokutyelelwa koogqirha xa unesiCOPD, banciphisa ingozi yokugula kunye nokufa. Nangona kuthetha ukuthatha uhambo olongezelelweyo ukuya kugqirha okanye kwindawo yokuthengisa izidakamizwa, kuyafaneleka ukuba ugweme iingxaki ezinokuvela ekubeni ufumane umkhuhlane. Njengoko ugonywa ngenyumoniya, khangela kogqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba kulungile ukuba ufumane umkhuhlane.
Gcina utyunjwa
Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho kwiindawo zokumisela ezihleliweyo, nokuba uziva kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukuba ujonge ukuba ulandele inkqubela yakho, umsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu, kwaye uqhubeke phezulu kwizonyango zakho.
Imigaqo
Iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-COPD kunye neengxaki zempilo ezihambelana nazo ziwela kwiinkampu zimbini eziphambili: Imithi yokulawula iimpawu ezithile zesifo sakho kunye nonyango olwenzelwe izifo ezithintekayo, zingasenza ukuba i-COPD yakho ibe nzima kakhulu.
Bronchodilators
I-bronchodilators inceda ukukhulula izihlunu kwiindonga zomoya wakho ukuze kube lula ukuphefumula, ukunciphisa ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula okufutshane. Zikhona iintlobo ezimbini ze- bronchodilators ekuphatheni i-COPD:
- Ama-bronchodilators amancinci amancinci: La mayeza asebenza ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-15 ukuya kwe-20 ukuphelisa umoya wokuphefumula, kodwa umphumo wugcina kuphela ii-4 ukuya kwi-6 iiyure. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Ventolin neProAir (i-albuterol), i-Atrovent (ipratropium) kunye ne-Xopenex (levalbuterol).
- Ama-bronchodilators asebenza ixesha elide: Le myeza isetyenziselwa ukugcina i-airways yakho ivulekile kwaye ikhululekile ixesha elide elide (kulo lonke ubusuku, umzekelo). Nangona igalelo lihlala ixesha elide, ukusuka kwiiyure eziyi-12 ukuya kuma-24, le myeza iqala ukusebenza ngokuthe ngcembe. Imizekelo yaloo hlobo ye-bronchodilator iquka i-Brovana (arformoterol), i-Arcapta (indacaterol), i-Serevent (i-salmeterol), kunye ne-Spiriva (tiotropium).
Unokufuna kuphela uhlobo olulodwa okanye zombini, kuxhomekeke kwimpawu zakho. Iibronchodilators zihlala zilawulwa nge-inhaler okanye ngokusebenzisa i-aerosol yonyango, apho iyeza linikezwa ngemfom ephosakeleyo ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa nge- nebulizer .
Corticosteroids
Ukuba unogqithiso oluninzi, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-corticosteroid yokukhupha imihla ngemihla. Oku kunokukunceda ukugcina ukuvuvukala kwakho kunye nokunciphisa inani lezinto ezinzima. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Flovent (fluticasone) ne-Pulmicort (budesonide). Imiphumo emibi yimiba yingozi, izifo emlonyeni wakho, kunye nesikhumba.
Inhlanganers Inhalers
Ukuba i-COPD yakho inzima kwaye / okanye unamaxesha amaninzi, ugqirha wakho unokumisela isisombululo se-inhaler okanye se-nebulized edibanisa ne-bronchodilator kunye ne-corticosteroid. Imizekelo yentsebenziswano ye-inhalers ibandakanya i-Symbicort, edibeneyo ye-formoterol kunye ne-budesonide, kunye ne-Advair, inhlanganisela ye-salmeterol kunye ne-fluticasone.
Oral Corticosteroids
Ngexesha le-COPD, ukucinywa komzimba we-corticosteroids kunokunciphisa ixesha lakho lokuphucula, ukuphucula umsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu, nokuphucula i- hypoxemia (amanqanaba aphantsi oksijini egazini). Kananjalo banokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda, ukuthintela ukuhluleka kwonyango, kwaye, ukuba ugqiba esibhedlele, unciphise ixesha elikhoyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-corticosteroids yomlomo kungakhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, oko kusetyenziswa nje kuphela ixesha elifutshane. I-Prednisone ngumzekelo ololo hlobo lwe-corticosteroid yomlomo. Imiphumo emibi ifaka i-osteoporosis, isifo sikashukela, ukwanda kwengozi yentsholongwane, i-cataract, kunye nokufumana ubunzima.
I-Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) Inhibitors
I-COPD (kunye ne-asthma) inokubangela ukwanda kwama-enzyme okwandisa ukuvuvukala kwimiphunga ebizwa nge-phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4). Ii-inhibitors ze-PDE4 , ezivimba le enzyme, zithathwa kanye ngosuku ngosuku lwesibhedlele kwaye zincede ukunciphisa ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kubantu abane-bronchitis engapheliyo, imbali yezinto ezinzima, kunye ne-COPD enzima kakhulu. I-Daliresp (i-roflumilast) enye ye-PDE4 inhibitor. Imiphumo emibi ingabandakanya uhudo, ukulahleka kwesisindo, intlungu yesisu, ukuphazamisa ubuthongo, isisongela, ukulahleka kwesidlo, kunye nentloko.
Antibiotics
Ukuba uhla nesifo sengqondo sokuphefumula okuphefumula njenge-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-antibiotics. Ezi zonyango zisebenza ngokubhekisele kwiibhaktheriya kodwa kungekhona ii-virus; ngamanye amagama, abayi kukhwaza iqanda elifanayo okanye umkhuhlane. Ukuba unqunywe ikhosi yeziza-antibiotics, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha yonke imithi, nangemva kokuba uqale uzive ungcono. Ukungagqiba umrhumo kunokwandisa umngcipheko wokuchasana kwamagciwane.
Uphando lwadlulileyo lubonise ukuba ukuthatha i-antibiotics ngokuqhubekayo akuzange kusize ukunyuka. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutsha luye lwabonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-Zithromax (azithromycin) okanye i-Erythrocin (erythromycin) ngonyaka iyanciphisa inani lezinto ezinzima kubantu ababekade bebenabo rhoqo. Akukho bungqina bokuba unyango olungaphezu konyaka luncedo.
Ukunyanga kwamayeza
Ukuba uneCOPD okanye i-COPD, ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa unyango lwemiphunga ngaphezu kweyeza.
Oxygen Therapy
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho, i- oksijeni eyongezelelweyo ingafunekayo iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, kuphela ebusuku okanye kwindawo ephakathi. I-oksijini eyongezelelweyo ayikwandisi nje ukunyuswa kwamazinga kwizigulane ezine-COPD, kodwa inokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu zakho kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi ngokukunceda ulale ubusuku busuku, uhlale uqaphile emini, kwaye uhlanganyele kwimisebenzi eneempawu ezimbalwa. Ezi zinzuzo zifanele ukuba zilungele ukuhlaselwa kwe-oksijeni yonyango: abafuna ukugqoka i-cannula yamanzi (isethi yamathambo amancinci ahambisa i-oksijini ngeempumlo kwi-airways) okanye i-mask, kunye nokujongana ne-oksigen canisters.
Ukubuyiselwa kwePulmonary Rehabilitation
Ukungenelela kwamanye amazwe kubantu abaneCOPD, okubandakanya ukuhlolwa, ukuqhuba umsebenzi, imfundo, kunye nenkxaso yengqondo, inenzuzo kakhulu kulabo abanempawu ezinokukhubazeka abakwaziyo ukuhamba ngemisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla njengesiqhelo. Ngoxhaswa liqela leengcali, ezinokubandakanya oogqirha, abahlengikazi, abathinteli bokuphefumula, abachwephesha bezonyango, abathandi bezentlalo, abagqirha bezempilo kunye neengqondo zengqondo, unokufumana iimpawu ezincinci, ujonge ubomi obuqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla, kwaye unokuba neendleko zonyango ezantsi .
Ukulungiswa kwepulmonary kufuneka kuhlale ixesha elide ukwenzela ukuvelisa inzuzo engakumbi ngaphandle kokuba ngumthwalo. Kwabanye abantu, oku kungathabatha nje ezimbalwa iintsuku ezili-10, ngelixa abanye bangadinga iinyanga ezili-18 ukubonisa ukuphuculwa.
Utyando
Ukuba amayeza awaphuculanga iimpawu zakho kwaye ziyaqhubeka ziba nzima, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma ukuhlinzwa. Nangona kunjalo, akuyena wonke umntu umviwa wokuhlinzwa, ngenxa yoko oku akunakukhetha.
Bullectomy
Oku kutyalwa kukubandakanya ukususwa kwe-bullae, eziyiindawo ezikhulu zomoya ezenzayo xa iindonga zesikhwama somoya zitshabalaliswa, njengeCOPD. Ukususa enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi bullae kunokukunceda ukuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi.
Ukuvuthwa kweVoluction Surgery
Kulo vavanyo, izicubu ezonakalisiweyo zisuswe kwicandelo eliphezulu lemiphunga yakho. Oku kuvumela imiphunga yakho ukuba yandise ngakumbi ukuze ukwazi ukuphefumula ngakumbi kwaye inokulondoloza ixesha lobomi bakho.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Lung
Oku kutyunjwa okukhulu okubandakanya ukutshintsha imiphunga yakho eyonakalisiweyo ngomphunga onempilo kumniki-mali. Kungaba lukhetho ukuba umphunga wakho ubonakaliswe kakhulu kwenye utyando. Nangona ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho, kukho iingozi, kuquka ukuba umzimba wakho uya kulahla umphunga womnikeli. Uzakufuna ukuthabatha imishanguzo yokukhusela isistim somzimba wakho sobomi ubomi bakho, oko kukushiya uvula ingozi yokusuleleka.
Ulwaphulo oluphezulu
Kukho iivithamini nezinye izongezelelo ezingakunceda ukunciphisa impawu zakho, kodwa qiniseka ukuthetha nodokotela wakho phambi kokuba ungeze nantoni na kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango.
IiVithamini C no-E
Ucwaningo olusekelwe e-Korea lubonisa ukuba ukwandisa ukutya kwakho kweVithamini C no-E, bobabini abayi-antioxidants, banokuphucula umsebenzi wamaphaphu, ngokukodwa kumadoda. Akucaci ukuba yeyiphi imfuneko efunekayo ukuze uzuze, kodwa ezi zinto ziyakuthi ziqwalaselwe.
I-Eucalyptus iOyili
Ioli ye-Eucalyptus isoloko ifunyenwe kwiintsipho zokukhwehlela kwaye ikhutshwe njengokuba ikwazi ukukhulula i-mucus. Kwisifundo malunga nokusebenza kweoli ye-eucalypt ekuphatheni i-COPD, abathathi-nxaxheba banikezwa iifomsile ze-cineole, isithako esiyinhloko kwioli ye-eucalyptus, kathathu ngosuku kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kunye neyeza zabo eziqhelekileyo kunye neyeza. Akukuphela nje ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto ezincinci, ngokuncinci kakhulu, kwaye kufutshane, kodwa i-cineole yanceda ukuvula i-airways nokunciphisa ukuvutha komoya, ukunciphisa ukuphefumula okufutshane kunye nokukhathala.
Ngonyango olungeNyango
Kukho ezinye iindlela zokuncedisa ezinokuncedisa ukuphucula umgangatho wakho wobomi xa zidibene kwisicwangciso sakho soonyango. Abanye abantu bazama izigulane zamachiza ukuze bancede iimpawu zabo zeCOPD, kodwa akukho uphando oluninzi malunga nokusebenza kwabo. Qiniseka ukuba uthethe ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba uzame naziphi na ezinye zezi ndlela.
Yoga
I-American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) ithi i-yoga inenzuzo xa uneCOPD. Kwisifundo esincinci sabantu abaneCOPD esisigxina, emva kwexesha eli-12 leveki yoqeqesho lwe-yoga, umsebenzi wabo wamaphaphu, ukuphefumula okufutshane, umgangatho wobomi kunye nokuvuvukala kwaphuculwe kakhulu.
Ukwenza i-Acupuncture
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acupuncture, ukubeka iinaliti ezincinci kumanqaku athile emzimbeni, kunokuba omnye unyango olongezelelweyo ukhangele xa unayo i-COPD. Ucwaningo olunye lwabantu abaneCOPD basebenzisa kuphela amayeza kunye nabantu basebenzisa iyeza zonyango kunye ne-acupuncture kwiiveki ezi-8 zifumene ukuba kulabo basebenzisana nentsebenziswano, ukuphefumula okufutshane kunye nomgangatho wobomi bephuculwe kakhulu. Olunye uphando, lwenziwe ngaphezu kweeveki ezili-10, lubonise iziphumo ezifanayo.
Ngenxa yokuba i-acupuncture inobungozi obuncinane, kungenokuba kukufanele uzame ukubona ukuba kunokukunceda ukuphucula iimpawu zakho. Ezinye iintlobo ezingenakuncedo zibandakanya ukulala okungcono, ukukhulula uxhalabisayo kunye nokuphucula isimo sakho sengqondo.
Flute Flung
I-Lung Flute iyisixhobo sokuphefumula esiphethwe ngesandla esivunywe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukunceda ukucima imiphunga yakho. Isebenza ngokudala izibilini ezincinci kumanqanaba akho xa uphazamisa ngamandla ngomlomo. Oku kunceda ukuphula i-mucus, okwenza kube lula ukuba ukhwehlela kwaye ukhuphe.
Ukufunda omnye kubantu abane-bronchitis engapheli kubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa iLung Flute kubangele ukucima amandla okuncinci, ukuphuculwa kokuphefumula okufutshane xa uphumule kwaye xa usebenzayo, kunye nokukhwehlela komzimba kunye nokuvelisa i-phlegm. Abathathi-nxaxheba bathi bafumene ukuba bayasebenza kwaye bafuna ukuqhubeka besisebenzisa rhoqo. I-Lung Flute ifumaneka kuphela nge-prescription e-United States, ngoko uthetha ugqirha wakho malunga nokuba ingaba le nto ingaba yongezwa kakuhle kwi-arsenal yonyango.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Lung Association. UkuLawula iMicrosoft Medicine. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 16, 2017.
> I-Global Initiative ye-Lung Disease. Isicwangciso sehlabathi soLwazi, uLawulo, kunye noKhuselo lweZifo eziPhezulu eziPhephekayo eziPhezulu: 2018 Ingxelo . Ishicilelwe ngoNovemba 20, 2017.
> UJoshi P, uKim WJ, uLee SA. Impembelelo ye-Antioxidant Dietary kwi-COPD Ingozi: i-KoGES yase-Community (Ansan-Anseong). I-International Journal ye-Pulmonary Disease . 2015; 10: 2159-2168. I-doi: 10.2147 / COPD.S91877.
> Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. I-COPD: Ukuxilongwa kunye noTyango. Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 11, 2017.
> Uxabiso H, uSchacher C, uDethlefsen U. Ulwaphulo oluxhasayo kunye neCineole Eucalyptole kunciphisa ukunyuka kwe-COPD: Uvavanyo oluPhezulu oluPhezulu oluPhezulu lwendawo. Uphando loPhepha . 2009; 10 (1): 69. i-doi: 10.1186 / 1465-9921-10-69.