Izikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo zixhasa indlela ekhethiweyo
Ngo-2017, i-Global Initiative for Chronic Disease Lung Disease (GOLD), ikomiti yamazwe ngamazwe eengcali zezobugcisa, ihlaziye iingcebiso zayo ekuxilongweni nasekulawuleni izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphazamiseka kwesifo se-pulmonary disease (COPD) .
Ukususela ekukhutshweni kwayo kwangaphambili ngo-2012, ikomiti yenze utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindlela ogqirha abhekiselwe ngayo ukufikelela kwisifo, ukululaza iinkcazo kunye nokutshintsha indlela iimpawu ezihlolwayo kunye neyeza zonyango ezimiselweyo.
Njengoko izazinzulu ziqhubeka nokufumana ingqiqo ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide kunye nokuphumelela kwezonyango zeCOPD, ugxininiso luya kutshintsha kugulane, ukulungelelanisa unyango kumntu kunokuba isigaba sesifo.
Utshintsho kwi nkcazo
Phakathi kweenguqu eziphambili kwi-2017 ukuhlaziywa yintetho yeCOPD ngokwayo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, eso sifo sichazwe ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zawo, kwiindlela zokuvuvukala kwindlela eso sifo siphume ngayo.
Hayi kwakhona. Endaweni yayo, ikomiti yeGOLD ichaza i-COPD " njengesifo esiqhelekileyo, esinokuthinteka nesiphathayo esibonakaliswa yimpawu zokuphefumula kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi ... ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukuvezwa okubonakalayo kwiinqununu okanye i-gesi."
Akukho sisifo esichazwe ngokwemigudu yokugxekeza okanye izifo okanye izifo ezihlaselayo . Esikhundleni saloo nto, idilizwe ibe yimbangela-nesefuthe elula: indlela ukuchazwa kwezinto ezinobungozi (njengemigwayi) kunokubangela ukugula okuqhubekayo ukuphefumula.
Nangona lo tshintsho lungabonakala lwenzeka, lugqitha enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ekuhloleni nasekuphatheni iCOPD. Ivuma ukuba abantu abangenawo ubungqina bekliniki bokukhusela umoya bangakwazi ukuba nezibonakaliso zezifo, ngamanye amaxesha zinzima.
Ngoko ke, kunokuba ulandelelanise iziphumo zebhu ebhodweni, oogqirha ngoku bagxininisa kwisizathu, umphumo, kunye namava okunyamezela ukuhambisa inkqubo yokonyango.
Utshintsho kwiNgqiqo yethu yoPhuhliso lweZifo
Ukuphikisana okufanayo kuye kwaba ukuqonda kwethu ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo. Nangona ngokubanzi sidibanisa iCOPD ngokubhema (ichazwe yikomidi yeGOLD njenge "ukuzitshatyalaliswa"), into elula kukuba bonke ababhemayo bafumana iCOPD kwaye kungekhona bonke abantu abaneCOPD ababhemayo.
I-GOLD ingxelo ehlaziyiweyo iyavuma ukuba asikwazi ngokugcwele apho iphoyinti lokubambisa lihambelana nobani ofumana i-COPD kwaye ongenalo. Ukongezelela ekuboniseni i-cigarettes, ikomidi leGOLD liyavuma ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zidibene nesi sifo, kubandakanya:
- Ukukhula kancinci kwemiphunga ngethuba lokugaya kunye nobuntwana
- Ukubonakalisa kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi kwizicwangciso zomsebenzi
- Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokungcola komoya
- Ubume bezoqoqosho
- Iindawo zokuhlala ezingenasiphene
- Ukubonakaliswa kokutshisa ii-fuel (kubandakanywa umlilo womlilo kunye nokupheka kwamafutha)
- Ezinye izifo zemiphunga (ezifana ne-bronchitis engapheliyo okanye izifo)
- Impendulo engavumelekanga, mhlawumbi yokuzalwa okanye isiphumo sokuqhubela phambili okanye ukulimala kwangaphambili
Oko oku kusitshela nje kukuba, de kube yinto engcono yokuqonda i-pathogenesis yangempela (isifo sengqondo) se-COPD, kufuneka sijonge esi sifo-kunye nezimbangela zesifo-ukususela kwindlela ebanzi kakhulu kunezobhebhethi kunye ne-cigarettes kuphela .
Utshintsho kwiZenzo zoLonyango
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, izicwangciso zonyango zenziwa ngumvavanyo obizwa ngokuba yi- post-bronchodilator FEV1 . Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo, isifo somntu siya kufakwa njenge-A (i-mild), B (ngokulinganayo), C (kakhulu), okanye D (kakhulu kakhulu). Utyando luya kuba lubekwe ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba.
Ngomhla wokuhlaziywa ka-2012, ikomiti yeGOLD iphinde ihlaziye izikhokelo ukwenzela ukuba uhlahlo lwe-ABCD lugqitywe kokubili ukuhlaziywa kweziphumo zebhu, kuquka i-FEV1 kunye nembali yomntu we- COPD .
Ingxaki ngabo bobabini bala majelo kukuba bahlulekile ukuvuma ukuba iimpawu zeCOPD azifaneki ngokuthe rhoqo.
Ngesinye isandla, umntu ongenabungqina bokhuselo lwangaphandle angaba neempawu ezinzulu zeCOPD. Ngolunye uhlangothi, umntu onobungqina bemiqobo engancinci angabonakalisa iimpawu ezimbalwa kwaye aziphathe kakuhle.
Ngenxa yoko, izikhokelo ezintsha zincoma ukuba unyango lwe-COPD lufanele lukhokelwe kuphela yimpawu zomntu. Ngaphezu koko, ukuzimisela kufuneka kusekelwe ekuzihloleni ngokwaso ngumguli.
Oogqirha abaninzi sele beqalile ukwenza oku kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lweCOPD (CAT) apho umntu ecelwa ukuba alinganise ubunzima beempawu okanye ukuphazamiseka kwisilinganiso se-zero ukuya ezintlanu. Uvavanyo aluhloseli nje ukuseka ubunzima beempawu kodwa "indlela embi" okanye "into emhle" umntu uqonda ukuba ugula lwakhe luba njani. Ezi ngcaciso zinokukunceda ugqirha ukuba achaze ukuba umntu uya kuhlangabezana njani nonyango, olunokubandakanya unyango, ukusetyenziswa, ukutya kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya .
Ngokuguqula ukugxila kwisigulane, izikhokelo zeGOLD ezihlaziyiweyo zibonisa ukubaluleka kwamava eekliniki kunye nesigwebo ekuqondiseni unyango kunokuba zihambelane nobungakanani obufanayo obufanayo-ncwadana yokudlala.
> Umthombo:
> Roversi, S .; Corbetta, L .; kunye ne-Clini, E. "Iingcebiso zeGOLD 2017 kwizigulane zeCOPD: kwindlela ekhethiweyo," UCOPD Research and Practice. 2017; 3: 5. INGXELO: 10.1186 / s40749-017-0024-y.